TERM 1 LIFE AND LIVING
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1 Unit INDEX TERM 1 LIFE AND LIVING 13 Unit 1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 13 Page 1.1 Introduction Photosynthesis Requirements 14 Activity Products of photosynthesis 15 Practical investigation 1 17 Exercise Respiration 22 Activity Types of respiration 23 Practical investigation Comparison between photosynthesis and respiration 25 Exercise 2 26 Summary of Unit1 27 Mind maps of Unit 1 28 Unit 2 INTERACTION AND INTERDEPENDENCIES Introduction to ecology Ecosystems 30 Activity 3 32 Activity Interdependency in ecosystems Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism 35 Exercise Feeding relationships Producers and consumers Herbivores Carnivores Predators Scavengers Insectivores Omnivores Detritivores Decomposers 42 Activity 5 43 Exercise Energy flow Food chain 47 Exercise Food webs 51 Activity Energy pyramids 54 Activity 7 54 Exercise 6 55
2 2.6 Ecological balance 58 Activity Adaptations Plants Xerophytes Hydrophytes Animals Camel Polar bear Predators 66 Activity Camouflage and mimicry Conservation of the ecosystem 69 Exercise 7 70 Summary of Unit 2 76 Mind maps of Unit 2 79 Unit 3 MICROORGANISMS Introduction 83 Activity Types of microorganisms Bacteria Viruses Fungi Algae Protozoa 86 Activity Harmful microorganisms Diseases 86 Activity Where harmful microorganisms are found Waterborne diseases Prevention of spread Scientific contributions 89 Activity Practical investigation Useful microorganisms Decomposers Water purification Digestive system Production 91 Activity Exercise 8 91 Summary of Unit 3 93 Mind maps of Unit 3 95 Glossary 96 Term test 99 TERM 2 MATTER AND MATERIALS 113 Unit 1 ATOMS Particles 113 Practical task 1 115
3 Exercise Elements Compounds Forces between particles 119 Exercise Practical task Decomposition 124 Practical investigation Mixtures 126 Exercise Summary of Unit Mind maps of Unit Unit 2 PARTICLE MODEL OF MATTER Particles Models States of matter Diffusion 133 Practical task Practical task Physical changes 134 Practical task Exercise Density Mass and volume Density of materials 143 Practical investigation Practical investigation Practical investigation Project Applications Expansion and contraction of materials 148 Practical investigation (demonstration) Activity Pressure 149 Practical task Practical task Exercise Summary of Unit Mind maps of Unit Unit 3 CHEMICAL REACTIONS Reactions 159 Practical investigation Practical investigation Indigenous knowledge systems Careers 162 Exercise Summary of Unit Mind maps of Unit Glossary 169 Term test 171
4 TERN 3 ENERGY AND CHANGE 179 Unit 1 STATIC ELECTRICITY Friction Forces between charges Polarisation 180 Practical investigation Safety 183 Exercise Summary of Unit Mind maps of Unit Unit 2 ENERGY TRANSFER IN ELECTRIC SYSTEMS Current electricity Components of an electric circuit Connecting wires Battery Switch 190 Activity Resistors 191 Exercise Effects of electrical current Heating effect 194 Activity Practical investigation Exercise Magnetic effect 198 Practical investigation Explanation Applications Chemical effect 201 Practical investigation Exercise Summary of Unit Mind maps of Unit Unit 3 ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS Series circuit 209 Practical investigation Practical investigation Exercise Parallel circuit 214 Practical investigation Practical investigation Practical investigation Other output and input devices Light emission diode Photocell Doorbell or buzzer 220 Activity Exercise Summary of Unit Mind maps of Unit 3 225
5 Unit 4 VISIBLE LIGHT Light energy Propagation 228 Practical investigation (demonstration) Exercise Radiation Spectrum of visible light 231 Practical investigation Transparent, translucent and opaque substances Absorption Transparent coloured objects Opaque objects Reflection Smooth surface Rough surface 235 Exercise Observations 236 Exercise Refraction of light Career possibilities Optometry Photography Astrophysics Careers with optic fibres 241 Exercise Summary of Unit Mind maps of Unit Glossary 250 Term test 251 TERM 4 EARTH AND BEYOND 259 Unit 1 SOLAR SYSTEMS The sun Objects around the sun Planets Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune 265 Activity Dwarf planets Moons Asteroids Meteorites Comets 267 Activity
6 1.3 The position of earth in the universe 270 Activity Exercise Summary of Unit Mind maps of Unit Unit 2 BEYOND THE SOLAR SYSTEM Galaxies Milky Way Galaxy 278 Activity Light years, light hours, light minutes Beyond the Milky Way galaxy 280 Exercise Summary of Unit Mind maps of Unit Unit 3 LOOKING INTO SPACE Stars and different cultures 285 Activity Activity Telescopes Optical telescopes Radio telescopes Space telescopes SALT SKA 289 Exercise Summary of Unit Mind maps of Unit Glossary 296 Term test 297 Information sheet 302 Work cited 303
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