Energy Introduction M O S T O F T H I S S H O U L D B E A R E V I E W O F J U N I O R H I G H S C I E N C E.

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1 Energy Introduction I N T H E S L I D E S T H A T F O L L O W W E W I L L R E V I E W S O M E B A S I C P R I N C I P L E S O F E C O L O G Y A N D E N E R G Y. M O S T O F T H I S S H O U L D B E A R E V I E W O F J U N I O R H I G H S C I E N C E. P L E A S E A N S W E R A L L Q U E S T I O N S I N R E D O N A S E P A R A T E P I E C E O F P A P E R!

2 Energy Flow Does this look familiar? You have probably seen some type of energy pyramid before.

3 Energy Flow Look within the boxes. Notice words like producer, herbivore and carnivore. If you do not remember what these words mean click here!

4 Energy Flow Look at the boxes again, notice that they get smaller as they move up the pyramid. This is for a few reasons.

5 Energy Flow Energy is lost at each level. So the amount of energy available to the bottom level is larger than the top! Click here to review energy pyramids so far!

6 Energy Flow Biomass, amount of organisms, decreases as you move up the pyramid.

7 Energy Flow Look along the LEFT, these are the trophic levels. If you do not remember what a trophic level is click here!

8 Questions! 1. What is the difference between a producer and a consumer? 2. Provide a quick definition of each of the following words: a. Herbivore b. Carnivore c. Omnivore 3. Why does the energy available decrease as you rise up the pyramid?

9 Energy Flow Does this look familiar? Here is a food web and a food chain. Click here to review food chains.

10 Questions! 4. What is the difference between a food web and a food chain? 5. Think about what you ate for breakfast. Write out a food chain originating with a producer and ending with you.

11 Energy Flow This year we are going to look at the flow of energy through our ecosystem at a molecular level. The molecules flow in a cycle not a pyramid.

12 6. What type of energy goes into this cycle? 7. What type of energy comes out of this cycle? 8. What 4 molecules are cycled during this cycle?

13 Energy Introduction part 2 G E T T I N G T O K N O W O U R M O L E C U L E S A S W E T A L K A B O U T T H E F L O W O F E N E R G Y T H R O U G H L I V I N G T H I N G S W E W I L L L O O K A T M A N Y M O L E C U L E S. T H E F O L L O W I N G S L I D E S I N T R O D U C E Y O U T O S O M E O F T H E S E P L E A S E A N S W E R A L L Q U E S T I O N S I N R E D O N A S E P A R A T E P I E C E O F P A P E R!

14 GLUCOSE 1. What is the chemical formula for glucose? (hint: the chemical formula for water is H 2 O) 2. Where is energy stored in this molecule?

15 Energy in Molecules Plants store the energy from the Sun in Glucose. Energy is stored in the bonds between the atoms. Cells cannot use Glucose. Therefore cells must convert glucose into a usable form of energy. This is like converting an MP3 to a MPEG file for your IPOD. The usable form of energy for cells is ATP. Like Glucose, ATP stores energy in the bonds between the atoms. 3. Why do cells have to convert glucose into ATP?

16 ATP 4. Draw a basic picture of ATP on your paper. 5. How many phosphate groups does it appear to have? 6. Where is energy stored in this molecule?

17 ATP Click on the link. Read over the page and watch the short animation. ATP-ADP Cycle 7. What appears to be the difference between ATP and ADP? 8. Draw a basic diagram of how ATP and ADP are related on your paper.

18 Energy in Molecules Cells use ATP, like your IPOD uses a battery. They drain the energy from the molecule. This is done by breaking 1 bond (specifically the bond between the phosphate groups). When the molecule is drained of its energy it is called ADP. ADP is like a battery that has gone dead. Luckily, just like your IPOD you can recharge ADP. When you recharge ADP you add a phosphate group (make a bond) and bring the molecule back to the fully charged ATP. 9. How is energy released from ATP? 10. How are ATP and ADP like a battery?

19 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are the two processes in living things that are responsible for transforming energy from the Sun into ATP. First, plants transform solar energy into chemical energy (Glucose) during photosynthesis. Then, plants and animals transform the chemical energy in Glucose to ATP for cellular work during cellular respiration.

20 11. Draw a diagram like the one above on your paper. Use chemical formulas instead of words to describe words like water and glucose.

21 12. Use the diagram to help you write an equation for photosynthesis. HELP!

22 13. Use the diagram to help you write an equation for cellular respiration. HELP!

23 14. Use the diagram to help you copy & complete the following table. (use the word bank on the next slide if needed) Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Purpose? Location? Reactants? Products? Equation?

24 You may use some of these more than once! Mitochondria Store Energy (as food) Glucose & O 2 Release Energy (as ATP) Chloroplast CO 2 & H 2 O HELP!