English Language Arts and Mathematics. Grade Six

Transcription

1 English Language Arts and Mathematics Grade Six

2 INTRODUCTION The missin statement f the Office f Cathlic Educatin bldly prclaims that: Cathlic Schls frm Cathlic students t be full and practicing members f the Church, are centers f evangelizatin that call all t live fully the message f Jesus Christ, and are centers f academic excellence that rigrusly prepare students t be life-lng learners and cntributing members f the glbal cmmunity. Frm this we draw ur primary fcus, the faith frmatin f ur students. Of majr imprtance, t, is the academic preparatin ur students receive which will enable them t be cllege- and career-ready upn cmmencement frm their experience in archdicesan schls. This dcument is a respnse t the call t prepare ur students t becme cntributing members f the glbal cmmunity. It is the prduct f an in-depth study f the data related t existing curriculum, current research, input frm respected prfessinal rganizatins and hurs f intense wrk and dialgue n the part f teachers and administratrs frm thrughut the archdicese. Our data study encuraged us t build n the patterns f excellence which have been a hallmark f educatin in Archdicesan schls. A review f the existing curriculum and input frm many teachers called us t re-fcus curriculum cntent s that instructin and learning wuld incrprate higher-level thinking and in-depth teaching. At the recmmendatin f the Natinal Gvernrs Assciatin, we are mving frward with the adptin f the Cmmn Cre State Standards as the basis fr curriculum cntent. Included in this dcument are the Cmmn Cre State Standards fr this level as well as the implementatin guides prepared by the curriculum cmmittee members wh spent a great deal f time wrking n them. As we mve frward in the perid f transitin t full adptin f the Standards and t assessing archdicesan students using natinal assessments, we feel cnfident that ur teachers will cntinue t mve frward with the same dedicatin that will prepare ur students t stand shulder-t-shulder with the best students bth natinally and internatinally.

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wuld like t acknwledge the fllwing curriculum cmmittee members fr their tireless effrts in the preparatin f this dcument: English Language Arts Mary Tremper, Chairpersn Mathematics Kate Reardn, Chairpersn Mary Battsn Diane Brwn Jane Ries-Jacby Mary Finnegan Mary Anne Crcran Dnna Scully Mary Katz Karen Drneman Bridget Tigue Celie Magee Elizabeth Dwling Andrea Triner Mary McFillin Mary Gill Lynne Wldarczyk Sister Jan Felicia O Reilly Sue Macrne Early Childhd Kathleen Smith Assessment Debbie Jaster We are als grateful t the Elementary Technlgy Cmmittee fr preparing web links t these guidelines. Office f Cathlic Educatin, Archdicese f Philadelphia, 2011 Cmmn Cre Standards Cpyright Natinal Gvernrs Assciatin Center fr Best Practices and Cuncil f Chief State Schl Officers. All rights reserved. Used with permissin. 3

4 CONTENTS ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS.4 Cmmn Cre State Standards Implementatin Guides.. 45 MATHEMATICS. 56 Cmmn Cre State Standards Implementatin Guides ASSESSMENT AND GRADING 1i4 WEB SITES AND RESOURCES 117 NOTE: The English Language Arts and Mathematics cntent are intentinally cntained in the same dcument. With research indicating that skills shuld be presented in an integrated cntext, it is the hpe that teachers will be mre aware f the ttal curriculum at this level rather than islated subject matter and make deliberate cnnectins between skills presented in each area. Als included at each level (with the exceptin f Kindergarten) are the Cmmn Cre State Standards fr the grade belw and the grade abve each level. These are placed here s that, during the transitin perid leading up t full implementatin f the Standards, the teacher is aware f skills that shuld have been presented at an earlier level and makes plans t incrprate these skills in the event that they have nt been presented. It is imprtant, t, that skills designated fr higher levels are nt anticipated at the current instructinal level. 4

5 Cmmn Cre State Standards English Language Arts Grade 5 Cmmn Cre State Standards English Language Arts Grade 6 Cmmn Cre Standards English Language Arts Grade 7 Archdicesan Implementatin Guides Grade 6 5

6 Key Pints In English Language Arts Reading The standards establish a staircase f increasing cmplexity in what students must be able t read s that all students are ready fr the demands f cllege- and career-level reading n later than the end f high schl. The standards als require the prgressive develpment f reading cmprehensin s that students advancing thrugh the grades are able t gain mre frm whatever they read. Thrugh reading a diverse array f classic and cntemprary literature as well as challenging infrmatinal texts in a range f subjects, students are expected t build knwledge, gain insights, explre pssibilities, and braden their perspective. Because the standards are building blcks fr successful classrms, but recgnize that teachers, schl districts and states need t decide n apprpriate curriculum, they intentinally d nt ffer a reading list. Instead, they ffer numerus sample texts t help teachers prepare fr the schl year and allw parents and students t knw what t expect at the beginning f the year. The standards mandate certain critical types f cntent fr all students, including classic myths and stries frm arund the wrld, fundatinal U.S. dcuments, seminal wrks f American literature, and the writings f Shakespeare. The standards apprpriately defer the many remaining decisins abut what and hw t teach t states, districts, and schls. Writing The ability t write lgical arguments based n substantive claims, sund reasning, and relevant evidence is a crnerstne f the writing standards, with pinin writing---a basic frm f argument---extending dwn int the earliest grades. Research---bth shrt, fcused prjects (such as thse cmmnly required in the wrkplace) and lnger term in depth research--- is emphasized thrughut the standards but mst prminently in the writing strand since a written analysis and presentatin f findings is s ften critical. Anntated samples f student writing accmpany the standards and help establish adequate perfrmance levels in writing arguments, infrmatinal/explanatry texts, and narratives in the varius grades. Speaking and Listening The standards require that students gain, evaluate, and present increasingly cmplex infrmatin, ideas, and evidence thrugh listening and speaking as well as thrugh media. An imprtant fcus f the speaking and listening standards is academic discussin in ne-n-ne, small-grup, and whle-class settings. Frmal presentatins are ne imprtant way such talk ccurs, but s is the mre infrmal discussin that takes place as students cllabrate t answer questins, build understanding, and slve prblems. 6

7 Language The standards expect that students will grw their vcabularies thrugh a mix f cnversatins, direct instructin, and reading. The standards will help students determine wrd meanings, appreciate the nuances f wrds, and steadily expand their repertire f wrds and phrases. The standards help prepare students fr real life experience at cllege and in 21st century careers. The standards recgnize that students must be able t use frmal English in their writing and speaking but that they must als be able t make infrmed, skillful chices amng the many ways t express themselves thrugh language. Vcabulary and cnventins are treated in their wn strand nt because skills in these areas shuld be handled in islatin but because their use extends acrss reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Media and Technlgy Just as media and technlgy are integrated in schl and life in the twenty-first century, skills related t media use (bth critical analysis and prductin f media) are integrated thrughut the standards. 7

8 Key Features f the Standards Reading: Text cmplexity and the grwth f cmprehensin The Reading standards place equal emphasis n the sphisticatin f what students read and the skill with which they read. Standard 10 defines a gradeby-grade staircase f increasing text cmplexity that rises frm beginning reading t the cllege and career readiness level. Whatever they are reading, students must als shw a steadily grwing ability t discern mre frm and make fuller use f text, including making an increasing number f cnnectins amng ideas and between texts, cnsidering a wider range f textual evidence, and becming mre sensitive t incnsistencies, ambiguities, and pr reasning in texts. Writing: Text types, respnding t reading, and research The Standards acknwledge the fact that whereas sme writing skills, such as the ability t plan, revise, edit, and publish, are applicable t many types writing, ther skills are mre prperly defined in terms f specific writing types: arguments, infrmative/explanatry texts, and narratives. Standard 9 stresses the imprtance f the writing-reading cnnectin by requiring students t draw upn and write abut evidence frm literary and infrmatinal texts. Because f the centrality f writing t mst frms f inquiry, research standards are prminently included in this strand, thugh skills imprtant t research are infused thrughut the dcument. Speaking and Listening: Flexible cmmunicatin and cllabratin Including but nt limited t skills necessary fr frmal presentatins, the Speaking and Listening standards require students t develp a range f bradly useful ral cmmunicatin and interpersnal skills. Students must learn t wrk tgether, express and listen carefully t ideas, integrate infrmatin frm ral, visual, quantitative, and media surces, evaluate what they hear, use media and visual displays strategically t help achieve cmmunicative purpses, and adapt speech t cntext and task. Language: Cnventins, effective use, and vcabulary The Language standards include the essential rules f standard written and spken English, but they als apprach language as a matter f craft and infrmed chice amng alternatives. The vcabulary standards fcus n understanding wrds and phrases, their relatinships, and their nuances and n acquiring new vcabulary, particularly general academic and dmain-specific wrds and phrases. Appendices A, B, and C Appendix A cntains supplementary material n reading, writing, speaking and listening, and language as well as a glssary f key terms. Appendix B cnsists f text exemplars illustrating the cmplexity, quality, and range f reading apprpriate fr varius grade levels with accmpanying sample perfrmance tasks. 8

9 Appendix C includes anntated samples demnstrating at least adequate perfrmance in student writing at varius grade levels Anchr Standards fr Reading K-5 The K 5 standards n the fllwing pages define what students shuld understand and be able t d by the end f each grade. They crrespnd t the Cllege and Career Readiness (CCR) anchr standards belw by number. The CCR and grade-specific standards are necessary cmplements the frmer prviding brad standards, the latter prviding additinal specificity that tgether define the skills and understandings that all students must demnstrate. Key Ideas and Details 1. Read clsely t determine what the text says explicitly and t make lgical inferences frm it; cite specific textual evidence when writing r speaking t supprt cnclusins drawn frm the text. 2. Determine central ideas r themes f a text and analyze their develpment; summarize the key supprting details and ideas. 3. Analyze hw and why individuals, events, and ideas develp and interact ver the curse f a text. Craft and Structure 4. Interpret wrds and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, cnntative, and figurative meanings, and analyze hw specific wrd chices shape meaning r tne. 5. Analyze the structure f texts, including hw specific sentences, paragraphs, and larger prtins f the text (e.g., a sectin, chapter, scene, r stanza) relate t each ther and the whle. 6. Assess hw pint f view r purpse shapes the cntent and style f a text. Integratin f Knwledge and Ideas 7. Integrate and evaluate cntent presented in diverse media and frmats, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in wrds Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, including the validity f the reasning as well as the relevance and sufficiency f the evidence. 9. Analyze hw tw r mre texts address similar themes r tpics in rder t build knwledge r t cmpare the appraches the authrs take. Range f Reading and Level f Text Cmplexity 10. Read and cmprehend cmplex literary and infrmatinal texts independently and prficiently. Anchr Standards fr Writing K-5 9

10 The K 5 standards n the fllwing pages define what students shuld understand and be able t d by the end f each grade. They crrespnd t the Cllege and Career Readiness (CCR) anchr standards belw by number. The CCR and grade-specific standards are necessary cmplements the frmer prviding brad standards, the latter prviding additinal specificity that tgether define the skills and understandings that all students must demnstrate. Text Types and Purpses 1. Write arguments t supprt claims in an analysis f substantive tpics r texts, using valid reasning and relevant and sufficient evidence. 2. Write infrmative/explanatry texts t examine and cnvey cmplex ideas and infrmatin clearly and accurately thrugh the effective selectin, rganizatin, and analysis f cntent. 3. Write narratives t develp real r imagined experiences r events using effective technique, well-chsen details, and well-structured event sequences. Prductin and Distributin f Writing 4. Prduce clear and cherent writing in which the develpment, rganizatin, and style are apprpriate t task, purpse, and audience. 5. Develp and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, r trying a new apprach. 6. Use technlgy, including the Internet, t prduce and publish writing and t interact and cllabrate with thers. Research t Build and Present Knwledge 7. Cnduct shrt as well as mre sustained research prjects based n fcused questins, demnstrating understanding f the subject under investigatin. 8. Gather relevant infrmatin frm multiple print and digital surces, assess the credibility and accuracy f each surce, and integrate the infrmatin while aviding plagiarism. 9. Draw evidence frm literary r infrmatinal texts t supprt analysis, reflectin, and research. Range f Writing 10. Write rutinely ver extended time frames (time fr research, reflectin, and revisin) and shrter time frames (a single sitting r a day r tw) fr a range f tasks, purpses, and audiences. Nte n range and cntent in student writing T build a fundatin fr cllege and career readiness, students need t learn t use writing as a way f ffering and supprting pinins, demnstrating understanding f the subjects they are studying, and cnveying real and imagined experiences and events. They learn t appreciate that a key purpse f writing is t cmmunicate clearly t an external, smetimes unfamiliar audience, and they begin t adapt the frm and cntent f their writing t accmplish a particular task and purpse. They develp the capacity t build knwledge n a subject thrugh research prjects and t respnd analytically t literary and infrmatinal surces. T meet these gals, students must devte significant time and effrt t writing, prducing numerus pieces ver shrt and extended time frames thrughut the year. Anchr Standards fr Speaking and Listening K-5 10

11 Cmprehensin and Cllabratin 1. Prepare fr and participate effectively in a range f cnversatins and cllabratins with diverse partners, building n thers ideas and expressing their wn clearly and persuasively. 2. Integrate and evaluate infrmatin presented in diverse media and frmats, including visually, quantitatively, and rally. 3. Evaluate a speaker s pint f view, reasning, and use f evidence and rhetric. Presentatin f Knwledge and Ideas 4. Present infrmatin, findings, and supprting evidence such that listeners can fllw the line f reasning and the rganizatin, develpment, and style are apprpriate t task, purpse, and audience. 5. Make strategic use f digital media and visual displays f data t express infrmatin and enhance understanding f presentatins. 6. Adapt speech t a variety f cntexts and cmmunicative tasks, demnstrating cmmand f frmal English when indicated r apprpriate. Nte n range and cntent f student speaking and listening T build a fundatin fr cllege and career readiness, students must have ample pprtunities t take part in a variety f rich, structured cnversatins as part f a whle class, in small grups, and with a partner. Being prductive members f these cnversatins requires that students cntribute accurate, relevant infrmatin; respnd t and develp what thers have said; make cmparisns and cntrasts; and analyze and synthesize a multitude f ideas in varius dmains. New technlgies have bradened and expanded the rle that speaking and listening play in acquiring and sharing knwledge and have tightened their link t ther frms f cmmunicatin. Digital texts cnfrnt students with the ptential fr cntinually updated cntent and dynamically changing cmbinatins f wrds, graphics, images, hyperlinks, and embedded vide and audi. 11

12 Anchr Standards fr Language K-5 The K 5 standards n the fllwing pages define what students shuld understand and be able t d by the end f each grade. They crrespnd t the Cllege and Career Readiness (CCR) anchr standards belw by number. The CCR and grade-specific standards are necessary cmplements the frmer prviding brad standards, the latter prviding additinal specificity that tgether define the skills and understandings that all students must demnstrate. Cnventins f Standard English 1. Demnstrate cmmand f the cnventins f standard English grammar and usage when writing r speaking. 2. Demnstrate cmmand f the cnventins f standard English capitalizatin, punctuatin, and spelling when writing. Knwledge f Language 3. Apply knwledge f language t understand hw language functins in different cntexts, t make effective chices fr meaning r style, and t cmprehend mre fully when reading r listening. Vcabulary Acquisitin and Use 4. Determine r clarify the meaning f unknwn and multiple-meaning wrds and phrases by using cntext clues, analyzing meaningful wrd parts, and cnsulting general and specialized reference materials, as apprpriate. 5. Demnstrate understanding f wrd relatinships and nuances in wrd meanings. 6. Acquire and use accurately a range f general academic and dmain-specific wrds and phrases sufficient fr reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the cllege and career readiness level; demnstrate independence in gathering vcabulary knwledge when encuntering an unknwn term imprtant t cmprehensin r expressin. Nte n range and cntent f student language use T build a fundatin fr cllege and career readiness in language, students must gain cntrl ver many cnventins f standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics as well as learn ther ways t use language t cnvey meaning effectively. They must als be able t determine r clarify the meaning f grade-apprpriate wrds encuntered thrugh listening, reading, and media use; cme t appreciate that wrds have nnliteral meanings, shadings f meaning, and relatinships t ther wrds; and expand their vcabulary in the curse f studying cntent. The inclusin f Language standards in their wn strand shuld nt be taken as an indicatin that skills related t cnventins, effective language use, and vcabulary are unimprtant t reading, writing, speaking, and listening; indeed, they are inseparable frm such cntexts. 12

13 ELA Standards Grade 5 Reading Standards fr Literature Key Ideas and Details RL.5.1. Qute accurately frm a text when explaining what the text says explicitly and when drawing inferences frm the text. RL.5.2. Determine a theme f a stry, drama, r pem frm details in the text, including hw characters in a stry r drama respnd t challenges r hw the speaker in a pem reflects upn a tpic; summarize the text. RL.5.3. Cmpare and cntrast tw r mre characters, settings, r events in a stry r drama, drawing n specific details in the text (e.g., hw characters interact). Craft and Structure RL.5.4. Determine the meaning f wrds and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative language such as metaphrs and similes. RL.5.5. Explain hw a series f chapters, scenes, r stanzas fits tgether t prvide the verall structure f a particular stry, drama, r pem. RL.5.6. Describe hw a narratr s r speaker s pint f view influences hw events are described. Integratin f Knwledge and Ideas RL.5.7. Analyze hw visual and multimedia elements cntribute t the meaning, tne, r beauty f a text (e.g., graphic nvel, multimedia presentatin f fictin, flktale, myth, pem). RL.5.9. Cmpare and cntrast stries in the same genre (e.g., mysteries and adventure stries) n their appraches t similar themes and tpics. Range f Reading and Level f Text Cmplexity RL By the end f the year, read and cmprehend literature, including stries, dramas, and petry, at the high end f the grades 4 5 text cmplexity band independently and prficiently. Reading Standards fr Infrmatinal Text Key Ideas and Details RI.5.1. Qute accurately frm a text when explaining what the text says explicitly and when drawing inferences frm the text. RI.5.2. Determine tw r mre main ideas f a text and explain hw they are supprted by key details; summarize the text. RI.5.3. Explain the relatinships r interactins between tw r mre individuals, events, ideas, r cncepts in a histrical, scientific, r technical text based n specific infrmatin in the text. 13

14 Craft and Structure RI.5.4. Determine the meaning f general academic and dmain-specific wrds and phrases in a text relevant t a grade 5 tpic r subject area. RI.5.5. Cmpare and cntrast the verall structure (e.g., chrnlgy, cmparisn, cause/effect, prblem/slutin) f events, ideas, cncepts, r infrmatin in tw r mre texts. RI.5.6. Analyze multiple accunts f the same event r tpic, nting imprtant similarities and differences in the pint f view they represent. Integratin f Knwledge and Ideas RI.5.7. Draw n infrmatin frm multiple print r digital surces, demnstrating the ability t lcate an answer t a questin quickly r t slve a prblem efficiently. RI.5.8. Explain hw an authr uses reasns and evidence t supprt particular pints in a text, identifying which reasns and evidence supprt which pint(s). RI.5.9. Integrate infrmatin frm several texts n the same tpic in rder t write r speak abut the subject knwledgeably. Range f Reading and Level f Text Cmplexity RI By the end f the year, read and cmprehend infrmatinal texts, including histry/scial studies, science, and technical texts, at the high end f the grades 4 5 text cmplexity band independently and prficiently. Reading Standards: Fundatinal Skills Phnics and Wrd Recgnitin RF.5.3. Knw and apply grade-level phnics and wrd analysis skills in decding wrds. Use cmbined knwledge f all letter-sund crrespndences, syllabicatin patterns, and mrphlgy (e.g., rts and affixes) t read accurately unfamiliar multisyllabic wrds in cntext and ut f cntext. Fluency RF.5.4. Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency t supprt cmprehensin. Read n-level text with purpse and understanding. Read n-level prse and petry rally with accuracy, apprpriate rate, and expressin n successive readings. Use cntext t cnfirm r self-crrect wrd recgnitin and understanding, rereading as necessary. 14

15 Writing Standards Text Types and Purpses W.5.1. Write pinin pieces n tpics r texts, supprting a pint f view with reasns and infrmatin. Intrduce a tpic r text clearly, state an pinin, and create an rganizatinal structure in which ideas are lgically gruped t supprt the writer s purpse. Prvide lgically rdered reasns that are supprted by facts and details. Link pinin and reasns using wrds, phrases, and clauses (e.g., cnsequently, specifically). Prvide a cncluding statement r sectin related t the pinin presented. W.5.2. Write infrmative/explanatry texts t examine a tpic and cnvey ideas and infrmatin clearly. Intrduce a tpic clearly, prvide a general bservatin and fcus, and grup related infrmatin lgically; include frmatting (e.g., headings), illustratins, and multimedia when useful t aiding cmprehensin. Develp the tpic with facts, definitins, cncrete details, qutatins, r ther infrmatin and examples related t the tpic. Link ideas within and acrss categries f infrmatin using wrds, phrases, and clauses (e.g., in cntrast, especially). Use precise language and dmain-specific vcabulary t infrm abut r explain the tpic. Prvide a cncluding statement r sectin related t the infrmatin r explanatin presented. W.5.3. Write narratives t develp real r imagined experiences r events using effective technique, descriptive details, and clear event sequences. Orient the reader by establishing a situatin and intrducing a narratr and/r characters; rganize an event sequence that unflds naturally. Use narrative techniques, such as dialgue, descriptin, and pacing, t develp experiences and events r shw the respnses f characters t situatins. Use a variety f transitinal wrds, phrases, and clauses t manage the sequence f events. Use cncrete wrds and phrases and sensry details t cnvey experiences and events precisely. Prvide a cnclusin that fllws frm the narrated experiences r events. Prductin and Distributin f Writing W.5.4. Prduce clear and cherent writing in which the develpment and rganizatin are apprpriate t task, purpse, and audience. W.5.5. With guidance and supprt frm peers and adults, develp and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, r trying a new apprach. W.5.6. With sme guidance and supprt frm adults, use technlgy, including the Internet, t prduce and publish writing as well as t interact and cllabrate with thers; demnstrate sufficient cmmand f keybarding skills t type a minimum f tw pages in a single sitting. 15

16 Research t Build and Present Knwledge W.5.7. Cnduct shrt research prjects that use several surces t build knwledge thrugh investigatin f different aspects f a tpic. W.5.8. Recall relevant infrmatin frm experiences r gather relevant infrmatin frm print and digital surces; summarize r paraphrase infrmatin in ntes and finished wrk, and prvide a list f surces. W.5.9. Draw evidence frm literary r infrmatinal texts t supprt analysis, reflectin, and research. a. Apply grade 5 Reading standards t literature (e.g., Cmpare and cntrast tw r mre characters, settings, r events in a stry r a drama, drawing n specific details in the text [e.g., hw characters interact] ). b. Apply grade 5 Reading standards t infrmatinal texts (e.g., Explain hw an authr uses reasns and evidence t supprt particular pints in a text, identifying which reasns and evidence supprt which pint[s] ). Range f Writing W Write rutinely ver extended time frames (time fr research, reflectin, and revisin) and shrter time frames (a single sitting r a day r tw) fr a range f discipline-specific tasks, purpses, and audiences. Speaking and Listening Standards Cmprehensin and Cllabratin SL.5.1. Engage effectively in a range f cllabrative discussins (ne-n-ne, in grups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners n grade 5 tpics and texts, building n thers ideas and expressing their wn clearly. Cme t discussins prepared, having read r studied required material; explicitly draw n that preparatin and ther infrmatin knwn abut the tpic t explre ideas under discussin. Fllw agreed-upn rules fr discussins and carry ut assigned rles. Pse and respnd t specific questins by making cmments that cntribute t the discussin and elabrate n the remarks f thers. Review the key ideas expressed and draw cnclusins in light f infrmatin and knwledge gained frm the discussins. SL.5.2. Summarize a written text read alud r infrmatin presented in diverse media and frmats, including visually, quantitatively, and rally. SL.5.3. Summarize the pints a speaker makes and explain hw each claim is supprted by reasns and evidence. 16

17 Presentatin f Knwledge and Ideas SL.5.4. Reprt n a tpic r text r present an pinin, sequencing ideas lgically and using apprpriate facts and relevant, descriptive details t supprt main ideas r themes; speak clearly at an understandable pace. SL.5.5. Include multimedia cmpnents (e.g., graphics, sund) and visual displays in presentatins when apprpriate t enhance the develpment f main ideas r themes. SL.5.6. Adapt speech t a variety f cntexts and tasks, using frmal English when apprpriate t task and situatin. Language Standards Cnventins f Standard English L.5.1. Demnstrate cmmand f the cnventins f standard English grammar and usage when writing r speaking. Explain the functin f cnjunctins, prepsitins, and interjectins in general and their functin in particular sentences. Frm and use the perfect (e.g., I had walked; I have walked; I will have walked) verb tenses. Use verb tense t cnvey varius times, sequences, states, and cnditins. Recgnize and crrect inapprpriate shifts in verb tense. Use crrelative cnjunctins (e.g., either/r, neither/nr). L.5.2. Demnstrate cmmand f the cnventins f standard English capitalizatin, punctuatin, and spelling when writing. Use punctuatin t separate items in a series. Use a cmma t separate an intrductry element frm the rest f the sentence. Use a cmma t set ff the wrds yes and n (e.g., Yes, thank yu), t set ff a tag questin frm the rest f the sentence (e.g., It s true, isn t it?), and t indicate direct address (e.g., Is that yu, Steve?). Use underlining, qutatin marks, r italics t indicate titles f wrks. Spell grade-apprpriate wrds crrectly, cnsulting references as needed. Knwledge f Language L.5.3. Use knwledge f language and its cnventins when writing, speaking, reading, r listening. Expand, cmbine, and reduce sentences fr meaning, reader/listener interest, and style. Cmpare and cntrast the varieties f English (e.g., dialects, registers) used in stries, dramas, r pems. 17

18 Vcabulary Acquisitin and Use L.5.4. Determine r clarify the meaning f unknwn and multiple-meaning wrds and phrases based n grade 5 reading and cntent, chsing flexibly frm a range f strategies. Use cntext (e.g., cause/effect relatinships and cmparisns in text) as a clue t the meaning f a wrd r phrase. Use cmmn, grade-apprpriate Greek and Latin affixes and rts as clues t the meaning f a wrd (e.g., phtgraph, phtsynthesis). Cnsult reference materials (e.g., dictinaries, glssaries, thesauruses), bth print and digital, t find the prnunciatin and determine r clarify the precise meaning f key wrds and phrases. L.5.5. Demnstrate understanding f figurative language, wrd relatinships, and nuances in wrd meanings. Interpret figurative language, including similes and metaphrs, in cntext. Recgnize and explain the meaning f cmmn idims, adages, and prverbs. Use the relatinship between particular wrds (e.g., synnyms, antnyms, hmgraphs) t better understand each f the wrds. L.5.6. Acquire and use accurately grade-apprpriate general academic and dmain-specific wrds and phrases, including thse that signal cntrast, additin, and ther lgical relatinships (e.g., hwever, althugh, nevertheless, similarly, mrever, in additin). 18

19 ELA Standards Grade 6 Anchr Standards fr Reading 6-12 The grades 6 12 standards define what students shuld understand and be able t d by the end f each grade. They crrespnd t the Cllege and Career Readiness (CCR) anchr standards belw by number. The CCR and grade-specific standards are necessary cmplements the frmer prviding brad standards, the latter prviding additinal specificity that tgether define the skills and understandings that all students must demnstrate. Key Ideas and Details 1. Read clsely t determine what the text says explicitly and t make lgical inferences frm it; cite specific textual evidence when writing r speaking t supprt cnclusins drawn frm the text. 2. Determine central ideas r themes f a text and analyze their develpment; summarize the key supprting details and ideas. 3. Analyze hw and why individuals, events, and ideas develp and interact ver the curse f a text. Craft and Structure 4. Interpret wrds and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, cnntative, and figurative meanings, and analyze hw specific wrd chices shape meaning r tne. 5. Analyze the structure f texts, including hw specific sentences, paragraphs, and larger prtins f the text (e.g., a sectin, chapter, scene, r stanza) relate t each ther and the whle. 6. Assess hw pint f view r purpse shapes the cntent and style f a text. Integratin f Knwledge and Ideas 7. Integrate and evaluate cntent presented in diverse frmats and media, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in wrds. 1 19

20 8. Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, including the validity f the reasning as well as the relevance and sufficiency f the evidence. 9. Analyze hw tw r mre texts address similar themes r tpics in rder t build knwledge r t cmpare the appraches the authrs take. Range f Reading and Level f Text Cmplexity 10. Read and cmprehend cmplex literary and infrmatinal texts independently and prficiently. Nte n range and cntent f student reading T becme cllege and career ready, students must grapple with wrks f exceptinal craft and thught whse range extends acrss genres, cultures, and centuries. Such wrks ffer prfund insights int the human cnditin and serve as mdels fr students wn thinking and writing. Alng with highquality cntemprary wrks, these texts shuld be chsen frm amng seminal U.S. dcuments, the classics f American literature, and the timeless dramas f Shakespeare. Thrugh wide and deep reading f literature and literary nnfictin f steadily increasing sphisticatin, students gain a reservir f literary and cultural knwledge, references, and images; the ability t evaluate intricate arguments; and the capacity t surmunt the challenges psed by cmplex texts. 1 Please see Research t Build Knwledge in Writing and Cmprehensin and Cllabratin in Speaking and Listening fr additinal standards relevant t gathering, assessing, and applying infrmatin frm print and digital surces. Anchr Standards fr Writing Text Types and Purpses 1 1. Write arguments t supprt claims in an analysis f substantive tpics r texts, using valid reasning and relevant and sufficient evidence. 2. Write infrmative/explanatry texts t examine and cnvey cmplex ideas and infrmatin clearly and accurately thrugh the effective selectin, rganizatin, and analysis f cntent. 3. Write narratives t develp real r imagined experiences r events using effective technique, well-chsen details, and well-structured event sequences. 20

21 Prductin and Distributin f Writing 4. Prduce clear and cherent writing in which the develpment, rganizatin, and style are apprpriate t task, purpse, and audience. 5. Develp and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, r trying a new apprach. 6. Use technlgy, including the Internet, t prduce and publish writing and t interact and cllabrate with thers. Research t Build and Present Knwledge 7. Cnduct shrt as well as mre sustained research prjects based n fcused questins, demnstrating understanding f the subject under investigatin. 8. Gather relevant infrmatin frm multiple print and digital surces, assess the credibility and accuracy f each surce, and integrate the infrmatin while aviding plagiarism. 9. Draw evidence frm literary r infrmatinal texts t supprt analysis, reflectin, and research. Range f Writing 10. Write rutinely ver extended time frames (time fr research, reflectin, and revisin) and shrter time frames (a single sitting r a day r tw) fr a range f tasks, purpses, and audiences. Nte n range and cntent f student writing Fr students, writing is a key means f asserting and defending claims, shwing what they knw abut a subject, and cnveying what they have experienced, imagined, thught, and felt. T be cllege- and career- ready writers, students must take task, purpse, and audience int careful cnsideratin, chsing wrds, infrmatin, structures, and frmats deliberately. They need t knw hw t cmbine elements f different kinds f writing fr example, t use narrative strategies within argument and explanatin within narrative t prduce cmplex and nuanced writing. They need t be able t use technlgy strategically when creating, refining, and cllabrating n writing. They have t becme adept at gathering infrmatin, evaluating surces, and citing material accurately, reprting findings frm their research and analysis f surces in a clear and cgent manner. They must have the flexibility, cncentratin, and fluency t prduce high-quality first-draft text under a tight deadline as well as the capacity t revisit and make imprvements t a piece f writing ver multiple drafts when circumstances encurage r require it. 21

22 Cmprehensin and Cllabratin Anchr Standards fr Listening and Speaking Prepare fr and participate effectively in a range f cnversatins and cllabratins with diverse partners, building n thers ideas and expressing their wn clearly and persuasively. 2. Integrate and evaluate infrmatin presented in diverse media and frmats, including visually, quantitatively, and rally. 3. Evaluate a speaker s pint f view, reasning, and use f evidence and rhetric. Presentatin f Knwledge and Ideas 4. Present infrmatin, findings, and supprting evidence such that listeners can fllw the line f reasning and the rganizatin, develpment, and style are apprpriate t task, purpse, and audience. 5. Make strategic use f digital media and visual displays f data t express infrmatin and enhance understanding f presentatins. 6. Adapt speech t a variety f cntexts and cmmunicative tasks, demnstrating cmmand f frmal English when indicated r apprpriate. Nte n range and cntent f student speaking and listening T becme cllege and career ready, students must have ample pprtunities t take part in a variety f rich, structured cnversatins as part f a whle class, in small grups, and with a partner built arund imprtant cntent in varius dmains. They must be able t cntribute apprpriately t these cnversatins, t make cmparisns and cntrasts, and t analyze and synthesize a multitude f ideas in accrdance with the standards f evidence apprpriate t a particular discipline. Whatever their intended majr r prfessin, high schl graduates will depend heavily n their ability t listen attentively t thers s that they are able t build n thers meritrius ideas while expressing their wn clearly and persuasively. New technlgies have bradened and expanded the rle that speaking and listening play in acquiring and sharing knwledge and have tightened their link t ther frms f cmmunicatin. The Internet has accelerated the speed at which cnnectins between speaking, listening, reading, and writing can be made, requiring that students be ready t use these mdalities nearly simultaneusly. Technlgy itself is changing quickly, creating a new urgency fr students t be adaptable in respnse t change. 22

23 Anchr Standards fr Language 6-12 Cnventins f Standard English 1. Demnstrate cmmand f the cnventins f standard English grammar and usage when writing r speaking. 2. Demnstrate cmmand f the cnventins f standard English capitalizatin, punctuatin, and spelling when writing. Knwledge f Language 3. Apply knwledge f language t understand hw language functins in different cntexts, t make effective chices fr meaning r style, and t cmprehend mre fully when reading r listening. Vcabulary Acquisitin and Use 4. Determine r clarify the meaning f unknwn and multiple-meaning wrds and phrases by using cntext clues, analyzing meaningful wrd parts, and cnsulting general and specialized reference materials, as apprpriate. 5. Demnstrate understanding f wrd relatinships and nuances in wrd meanings. 6. Acquire and use accurately a range f general academic and dmain-specific wrds and phrases sufficient fr reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the cllege and career readiness level; demnstrate independence in gathering vcabulary knwledge when cnsidering a wrd r phrase imprtant t cmprehensin r expressin. Nte n range and cntent f student language use T be cllege and career ready in language, students must have firm cntrl ver the cnventins f standard English. At the same time, they must cme t appreciate that language is as at least as much a matter f craft as f rules and be able t chse wrds, syntax, and punctuatin t express themselves and achieve particular functins and rhetrical effects. They must als have extensive vcabularies, built thrugh reading and study, enabling them t cmprehend cmplex texts and engage in purpseful writing abut and cnversatins arund cntent. They need t becme skilled in determining r clarifying the meaning f wrds and phrases they encunter, chsing flexibly frm an array f strategies t aid them. They must learn t see an individual wrd as part f a netwrk f ther wrds wrds, fr example, that have similar dentatins but different cnntatins. The inclusin f Language standards in their wn strand shuld nt be taken as an indicatin that skills related t cnventins, effective language use, and vcabulary are unimprtant t reading, writing, speaking, and listening; indeed, they are inseparable frm such cntexts. 23

24 ELA Standards fr Grade 6 Reading: Literature Key Ideas and Details RL.6.1. Cite textual evidence t supprt analysis f what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn frm the text. RL.6.2. Determine a theme r central idea f a text and hw it is cnveyed thrugh particular details; prvide a summary f the text distinct frm persnal pinins r judgments. RL.6.3. Describe hw a particular stry s r drama s plt unflds in a series f episdes as well as hw the characters respnd r change as the plt mves tward a reslutin. Craft and Structure RL.6.4. Determine the meaning f wrds and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and cnntative meanings; analyze the impact f a specific wrd chice n meaning and tne. RL.6.5. Analyze hw a particular sentence, chapter, scene, r stanza fits int the verall structure f a text and cntributes t the develpment f the theme, setting, r plt. RL.6.6. Explain hw an authr develps the pint f view f the narratr r speaker in a text. Integratin f Knwledge and Ideas RL.6.7. Cmpare and cntrast the experience f reading a stry, drama, r pem t listening t r viewing an audi, vide, r live versin f the text, including cntrasting what they see and hear when reading the text t what they perceive when they listen r watch. RL.6.8. (Nt applicable t literature) RL.6.9. Cmpare and cntrast texts in different frms r genres (e.g., stries and pems; histrical nvels and fantasy stries) in terms f their appraches t similar themes and tpics. 24

25 Range f Reading and Level f Text Cmplexity RL By the end f the year, read and cmprehend literature, including stries, dramas, and pems, in the grades 6 8 text cmplexity band prficiently, with scafflding as needed at the high end f the range. Reading: Infrmatinal Text Key Ideas and Details RI.6.1. Cite textual evidence t supprt analysis f what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn frm the text. RI.6.2. Determine a central idea f a text and hw it is cnveyed thrugh particular details; prvide a summary f the text distinct frm persnal pinins r judgments. RI.6.3. Analyze in detail hw a key individual, event, r idea is intrduced, illustrated, and elabrated in a text (e.g., thrugh examples r anecdtes). Craft and Structure RI.6.4. Determine the meaning f wrds and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, cnntative, and technical meanings. RI.6.5. Analyze hw a particular sentence, paragraph, chapter, r sectin fits int the verall structure f a text and cntributes t the develpment f the ideas. RI.6.6. Determine an authr s pint f view r purpse in a text and explain hw it is cnveyed in the text. Integratin f Knwledge and Ideas RI.6.7. Integrate infrmatin presented in different media r frmats (e.g., visually, quantitatively) as well as in wrds t develp a cherent understanding f a tpic r issue. 25

26 RI.6.8. Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing claims that are supprted by reasns and evidence frm claims that are nt. RI.6.9. Cmpare and cntrast ne authr s presentatin f events with that f anther (e.g., a memir written by and a bigraphy n the same persn). Range f Reading and Level f Text Cmplexity RI By the end f the year, read and cmprehend literary nnfictin in the grades 6 8 text cmplexity band prficiently, with scafflding as needed at the high end f the range. Text Types and Purpses Writing W.6.1. Write arguments t supprt claims with clear reasns and relevant evidence. Intrduce claim(s) and rganize the reasns and evidence clearly. Supprt claim(s) with clear reasns and relevant evidence, using credible surces and demnstrating an understanding f the tpic r text. Use wrds, phrases, and clauses t clarify the relatinships amng claim(s) and reasns. Establish and maintain a frmal style. Prvide a cncluding statement r sectin that fllws frm the argument presented. W.6.2. Write infrmative/explanatry texts t examine a tpic and cnvey ideas, cncepts, and infrmatin thrugh the selectin, rganizatin, and analysis f relevant cntent. Intrduce a tpic; rganize ideas, cncepts, and infrmatin, using strategies such as definitin, classificatin, cmparisn/cntrast, and cause/effect; include frmatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., charts, tables), and multimedia when useful t aiding cmprehensin. Develp the tpic with relevant facts, definitins, cncrete details, qutatins, r ther infrmatin and examples. Use apprpriate transitins t clarify the relatinships amng ideas and cncepts. Use precise language and dmain-specific vcabulary t infrm abut r explain the tpic. Establish and maintain a frmal style. Prvide a cncluding statement r sectin that fllws frm the infrmatin r explanatin presented. 26

27 W.6.3. Write narratives t develp real r imagined experiences r events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences. Engage and rient the reader by establishing a cntext and intrducing a narratr and/r characters; rganize an event sequence that unflds naturally and lgically. Use narrative techniques, such as dialgue, pacing, and descriptin, t develp experiences, events, and/r characters. Use a variety f transitin wrds, phrases, and clauses t cnvey sequence and signal shifts frm ne time frame r setting t anther. Use precise wrds and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensry language t cnvey experiences and events. Prvide a cnclusin that fllws frm the narrated experiences r events. Prductin and Distributin f Writing W.6.4. Prduce clear and cherent writing in which the develpment, rganizatin, and style are apprpriate t task, purpse, and audience. (Gradespecific expectatins fr writing types are defined in standards 1 3 abve.) W.6.5. With sme guidance and supprt frm peers and adults, develp and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, r trying a new apprach. W.6.6. Use technlgy, including the Internet, t prduce and publish writing as well as t interact and cllabrate with thers; demnstrate sufficient cmmand f keybarding skills t type a minimum f three pages in a single sitting. Research t Build and Present Knwledge W.6.7. Cnduct shrt research prjects t answer a questin, drawing n several surces and refcusing the inquiry when apprpriate. W.6.8. Gather relevant infrmatin frm multiple print and digital surces; assess the credibility f each surce; and qute r paraphrase the data and cnclusins f thers while aviding plagiarism and prviding basic bibligraphic infrmatin fr surces. W.6.9. Draw evidence frm literary r infrmatinal texts t supprt analysis, reflectin, and research. Apply grade 6 Reading standards t literature (e.g., Cmpare and cntrast texts in different frms r genres [e.g., stries and pems; histrical nvels and fantasy stries] in terms f their appraches t similar themes and tpics ). Apply grade 6 Reading standards t literary nnfictin (e.g., Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing claims that are supprted by reasns and evidence frm claims that are nt ). 27

28 Range f Writing W Write rutinely ver extended time frames (time fr research, reflectin, and revisin) and shrter time frames (a single sitting r a day r tw) fr a range f discipline-specific tasks, purpses, and audiences. Cmprehensin and Cllabratin Speaking and Listening SL.6.1. Engage effectively in a range f cllabrative discussins (ne-n-ne, in grups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners n grade 6 tpics, texts, and issues, building n thers ideas and expressing their wn clearly. Cme t discussins prepared, having read r studied required material; explicitly draw n that preparatin by referring t evidence n the tpic, text, r issue t prbe and reflect n ideas under discussin. Fllw rules fr cllegial discussins, set specific gals and deadlines, and define individual rles as needed. Pse and respnd t specific questins with elabratin and detail by making cmments that cntribute t the tpic, text, r issue under discussin. Review the key ideas expressed and demnstrate understanding f multiple perspectives thrugh reflectin and paraphrasing. SL.6.2. Interpret infrmatin presented in diverse media and frmats (e.g., visually, quantitatively, rally) and explain hw it cntributes t a tpic, text, r issue under study. SL.6.3. Delineate a speaker s argument and specific claims, distinguishing claims that are supprted by reasns and evidence frm claims that are nt. Presentatin f Knwledge and Ideas SL.6.4. Present claims and findings, sequencing ideas lgically and using pertinent descriptins, facts, and details t accentuate main ideas r themes; use apprpriate eye cntact, adequate vlume, and clear prnunciatin. SL Include multimedia cmpnents (e.g., graphics, images, music, sund) and visual displays in presentatins t clarify infrmatin. SL.6.6. Adapt speech t a variety f cntexts and tasks, demnstrating cmmand f frmal English when indicated r apprpriate. 28

29 Language Cnventins f Standard English L.6.1. Demnstrate cmmand f the cnventins f standard English grammar and usage when writing r speaking. Ensure that prnuns are in the prper case (subjective, bjective, pssessive). Use intensive prnuns (e.g., myself, urselves). Recgnize and crrect inapprpriate shifts in prnun number and persn.* Recgnize and crrect vague prnuns (i.e., nes with unclear r ambiguus antecedents).* Recgnize variatins frm standard English in their wn and thers' writing and speaking, and identify and use strategies t imprve expressin in cnventinal language.* L.6.2. Demnstrate cmmand f the cnventins f standard English capitalizatin, punctuatin, and spelling when writing. Use punctuatin (cmmas, parentheses, dashes) t set ff nnrestrictive/parenthetical elements.* Spell crrectly. Knwledge f Language L.6.3. Use knwledge f language and its cnventins when writing, speaking, reading, r listening. Vary sentence patterns fr meaning, reader/listener interest, and style.* Maintain cnsistency in style and tne.* Vcabulary Acquisitin and Use L.6.4. Determine r clarify the meaning f unknwn and multiple-meaning wrds and phrases based n grade 6 reading and cntent, chsing flexibly frm a range f strategies. Use cntext (e.g., the verall meaning f a sentence r paragraph; a wrd s psitin r functin in a sentence) as a clue t the meaning f a wrd r phrase. Use cmmn, grade-apprpriate Greek r Latin affixes and rts as clues t the meaning f a wrd (e.g., audience, auditry, audible). 29

30 Cnsult reference materials (e.g., dictinaries, glssaries, thesauruses), bth print and digital, t find the prnunciatin f a wrd r determine r clarify its precise meaning r its part f speech. Verify the preliminary determinatin f the meaning f a wrd r phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in cntext r in a dictinary). L.6.5. Demnstrate understanding f figurative language, wrd relatinships, and nuances in wrd meanings. Interpret figures f speech (e.g., persnificatin) in cntext. Use the relatinship between particular wrds (e.g., cause/effect, part/whle, item/categry) t better understand each f the wrds. Distinguish amng the cnntatins (assciatins) f wrds with similar dentatins (definitins) (e.g., stingy, scrimping, ecnmical, unwasteful, thrifty). L.6.6. Acquire and use accurately grade-apprpriate general academic and dmain-specific wrds and phrases; gather vcabulary knwledge when cnsidering a wrd r phrase imprtant t cmprehensin r expressin. 30

31 Grade 7 Reading: Literature Key Ideas and Details RL.7.1. Cite several pieces f textual evidence t supprt analysis f what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn frm the text. RL.7.2. Determine a theme r central idea f a text and analyze its develpment ver the curse f the text; prvide an bjective summary f the text. RL.7.3. Analyze hw particular elements f a stry r drama interact (e.g., hw setting shapes the characters r plt). Craft and Structure RL.7.4. Determine the meaning f wrds and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and cnntative meanings; analyze the impact f rhymes and ther repetitins f sunds (e.g., alliteratin) n a specific verse r stanza f a pem r sectin f a stry r drama. RL Analyze hw a drama s r pem s frm r structure (e.g., slilquy, snnet) cntributes t its meaning. RL.7.6. Analyze hw an authr develps and cntrasts the pints f view f different characters r narratrs in a text. Integratin f Knwledge and Ideas RL.7.7. Cmpare and cntrast a written stry, drama, r pem t its audi, filmed, staged, r multimedia versin, analyzing the effects f techniques unique t each medium (e.g., lighting, sund, clr, r camera fcus and angles in a film). RL.7.8. (Nt applicable t literature) RL.7.9. Cmpare and cntrast a fictinal prtrayal f a time, place, r character and a histrical accunt f the same perid as a means f understanding hw authrs f fictin use r alter histry. 31

32 Range f Reading and Level f Text Cmplexity RL By the end f the year, read and cmprehend literature, including stries, dramas, and pems, in the grades 6 8 text cmplexity band prficiently, with scafflding as needed at the high end f the range. Reading: Infrmatinal Text Key Ideas and Details RI.7.1. Cite several pieces f textual evidence t supprt analysis f what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn frm the text. RI.7.2. Determine tw r mre central ideas in a text and analyze their develpment ver the curse f the text; prvide an bjective summary f the text. RI.7.3. Analyze the interactins between individuals, events, and ideas in a text (e.g., hw ideas influence individuals r events, r hw individuals influence ideas r events). Craft and Structure RI.7.4. Determine the meaning f wrds and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, cnntative, and technical meanings; analyze the impact f a specific wrd chice n meaning and tne. RI.7.5. Analyze the structure an authr uses t rganize a text, including hw the majr sectins cntribute t the whle and t the develpment f the ideas. RI.7.6. Determine an authr s pint f view r purpse in a text and analyze hw the authr distinguishes his r her psitin frm that f thers. Integratin f Knwledge and Ideas RI.7.7. Cmpare and cntrast a text t an audi, vide, r multimedia versin f the text, analyzing each medium s prtrayal f the subject (e.g., hw the delivery f a speech affects the impact f the wrds). 32

33 RI.7.8. Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasning is sund and the evidence is relevant and sufficient t supprt the claims. RI.7.9. Analyze hw tw r mre authrs writing abut the same tpic shape their presentatins f key infrmatin by emphasizing different evidence r advancing different interpretatins f facts. Range f Reading and Level f Text Cmplexity RI By the end f the year, read and cmprehend literary nnfictin in the grades 6 8 text cmplexity band prficiently, with scafflding as needed at the high end f the range. Writing Text Types and Purpses W.7.1. Write arguments t supprt claims with clear reasns and relevant evidence. Intrduce claim(s), acknwledge alternate r ppsing claims, and rganize the reasns and evidence lgically. Supprt claim(s) with lgical reasning and relevant evidence, using accurate, credible surces and demnstrating an understanding f the tpic r text. Use wrds, phrases, and clauses t create chesin and clarify the relatinships amng claim(s), reasns, and evidence. Establish and maintain a frmal style. Prvide a cncluding statement r sectin that fllws frm and supprts the argument presented. W.7.2. Write infrmative/explanatry texts t examine a tpic and cnvey ideas, cncepts, and infrmatin thrugh the selectin, rganizatin, and analysis f relevant cntent. Intrduce a tpic clearly, previewing what is t fllw; rganize ideas, cncepts, and infrmatin, using strategies such as definitin, classificatin, cmparisn/cntrast, and cause/effect; include frmatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., charts, tables), and multimedia when useful t aiding cmprehensin. Develp the tpic with relevant facts, definitins, cncrete details, qutatins, r ther infrmatin and examples. 33

34 Use apprpriate transitins t create chesin and clarify the relatinships amng ideas and cncepts. Use precise language and dmain-specific vcabulary t infrm abut r explain the tpic. Establish and maintain a frmal style. Prvide a cncluding statement r sectin that fllws frm and supprts the infrmatin r explanatin presented. W.7.3. Write narratives t develp real r imagined experiences r events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences. Engage and rient the reader by establishing a cntext and pint f view and intrducing a narratr and/r characters; rganize an event sequence that unflds naturally and lgically. Use narrative techniques, such as dialgue, pacing, and descriptin, t develp experiences, events, and/r characters. Use a variety f transitin wrds, phrases, and clauses t cnvey sequence and signal shifts frm ne time frame r setting t anther. Use precise wrds and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensry language t capture the actin and cnvey experiences and events. Prvide a cnclusin that fllws frm and reflects n the narrated experiences r events. Prductin and Distributin f Writing W.7.4. Prduce clear and cherent writing in which the develpment, rganizatin, and style are apprpriate t task, purpse, and audience. (Gradespecific expectatins fr writing types are defined in standards 1 3 abve.) W.7.5. With sme guidance and supprt frm peers and adults, develp and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, r trying a new apprach, fcusing n hw well purpse and audience have been addressed. W.7.6. Use technlgy, including the Internet, t prduce and publish writing and link t and cite surces as well as t interact and cllabrate with thers, including linking t and citing surces. Research t Build and Present Knwledge W.7.7. Cnduct shrt research prjects t answer a questin, drawing n several surces and generating additinal related, fcused questins fr further research and investigatin. W.7.8. Gather relevant infrmatin frm multiple print and digital surces, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy f each surce; and qute r paraphrase the data and cnclusins f thers while aviding plagiarism and fllwing a standard frmat fr citatin. W.7.9. Draw evidence frm literary r infrmatinal texts t supprt analysis, reflectin, and research. 34

35 Apply grade 7 Reading standards t literature (e.g., Cmpare and cntrast a fictinal prtrayal f a time, place, r character and a histrical accunt f the same perid as a means f understanding hw authrs f fictin use r alter histry ). Apply grade 7 Reading standards t literary nnfictin (e.g. Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasning is sund and the evidence is relevant and sufficient t supprt the claims ). Range f Writing W Write rutinely ver extended time frames (time fr research, reflectin, and revisin) and shrter time frames (a single sitting r a day r tw) fr a range f discipline-specific tasks, purpses, and audiences. Cmprehensin and Cllabratin Speaking and Listening SL.7.1. Engage effectively in a range f cllabrative discussins (ne-n-ne, in grups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners n grade 7 tpics, texts, and issues, building n thers ideas and expressing their wn clearly. Cme t discussins prepared, having read r researched material under study; explicitly draw n that preparatin by referring t evidence n the tpic, text, r issue t prbe and reflect n ideas under discussin. Fllw rules fr cllegial discussins, track prgress tward specific gals and deadlines, and define individual rles as needed. Pse questins that elicit elabratin and respnd t thers questins and cmments with relevant bservatins and ideas that bring the discussin back n tpic as needed. Acknwledge new infrmatin expressed by thers and, when warranted, mdify their wn views. SL.7.2. Analyze the main ideas and supprting details presented in diverse media and frmats (e.g., visually, quantitatively, rally) and explain hw the ideas clarify a tpic, text, r issue under study. SL.7.3. Delineate a speaker s argument and specific claims, evaluating the sundness f the reasning and the relevance and sufficiency f the evidence. 35

36 Presentatin f Knwledge and Ideas SL.7.4. Present claims and findings, emphasizing salient pints in a fcused, cherent manner with pertinent descriptins, facts, details, and examples; use apprpriate eye cntact, adequate vlume, and clear prnunciatin. SL.7.5. Include multimedia cmpnents and visual displays in presentatins t clarify claims and findings and emphasize salient pints. SL.7.6. Adapt speech t a variety f cntexts and tasks, demnstrating cmmand f frmal English when indicated r apprpriate. Cnventins f Standard English Language L.7.1. Demnstrate cmmand f the cnventins f standard English grammar and usage when writing r speaking. Explain the functin f phrases and clauses in general and their functin in specific sentences. Chse amng simple, cmpund, cmplex, and cmpund-cmplex sentences t signal differing relatinships amng ideas. Place phrases and clauses within a sentence, recgnizing and crrecting misplaced and dangling mdifiers.* L.7.2. Demnstrate cmmand f the cnventins f standard English capitalizatin, punctuatin, and spelling when writing. Use a cmma t separate crdinate adjectives (e.g., It was a fascinating, enjyable mvie but nt He wre an ld[,] green shirt). Spell crrectly. Knwledge f Language L.7.3. Use knwledge f language and its cnventins when writing, speaking, reading, r listening. Chse language that expresses ideas precisely and cncisely, recgnizing and eliminating wrdiness and redundancy.* 36

37 Vcabulary Acquisitin and Use L.7.4. Determine r clarify the meaning f unknwn and multiple-meaning wrds and phrases based n grade 7 reading and cntent, chsing flexibly frm a range f strategies. Use cntext (e.g., the verall meaning f a sentence r paragraph; a wrd s psitin r functin in a sentence) as a clue t the meaning f a wrd r phrase. Use cmmn, grade-apprpriate Greek r Latin affixes and rts as clues t the meaning f a wrd (e.g., belligerent, bellicse, rebel). Cnsult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictinaries, glssaries, thesauruses), bth print and digital, t find the prnunciatin f a wrd r determine r clarify its precise meaning r its part f speech. Verify the preliminary determinatin f the meaning f a wrd r phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in cntext r in a dictinary). L.7.5. Demnstrate understanding f figurative language, wrd relatinships, and nuances in wrd meanings. Interpret figures f speech (e.g., literary, biblical, and mythlgical allusins) in cntext. Use the relatinship between particular wrds (e.g., synnym/antnym, analgy) t better understand each f the wrds. Distinguish amng the cnntatins (assciatins) f wrds with similar dentatins (definitins) (e.g., refined, respectful, plite, diplmatic, cndescending). L.7.6. Acquire and use accurately grade-apprpriate general academic and dmain-specific wrds and phrases; gather vcabulary knwledge when cnsidering a wrd r phrase imprtant t cmprehensin r expressin. Key Ideas and Details Literacy Standards fr Histry/Scial Studies 6-8 RH Cite specific textual evidence t supprt analysis f primary and secndary surces. RH Determine the central ideas r infrmatin f a primary r secndary surce; prvide an accurate summary f the surce distinct frm prir knwledge r pinins. 37

38 RH Identify key steps in a text s descriptin f a prcess related t histry/scial studies (e.g., hw a bill becmes law, hw interest rates are raised r lwered). Craft and Structure RH Determine the meaning f wrds and phrases as they are used in a text, including vcabulary specific t dmains related t histry/scial studies. RH Describe hw a text presents infrmatin (e.g., sequentially, cmparatively, causally). RH Identify aspects f a text that reveal an authr s pint f view r purpse (e.g., laded language, inclusin r avidance f particular facts). Integratin f Knwledge and Ideas RH Integrate visual infrmatin (e.g., in charts, graphs, phtgraphs, vides, r maps) with ther infrmatin in print and digital texts. RH Distinguish amng fact, pinin, and reasned judgment in a text. RH Analyze the relatinship between a primary and secndary surce n the same tpic. Range f Reading and Level f Text Cmplexity RH By the end f grade 8, read and cmprehend histry/scial studies texts in the grades 6 8 text cmplexity band independently and prficiently. Key Ideas and Details Literacy Standards fr Science and Technical Subjects RST Cite specific textual evidence t supprt analysis f science and technical texts. RST Determine the central ideas r cnclusins f a text; prvide an accurate summary f the text distinct frm prir knwledge r pinins. RST Fllw precisely a multistep prcedure when carrying ut experiments, taking measurements, r perfrming technical tasks. 38

39 Craft and Structure RST Determine the meaning f symbls, key terms, and ther dmain-specific wrds and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific r technical cntext relevant t grades 6 8 texts and tpics. RST Analyze the structure an authr uses t rganize a text, including hw the majr sectins cntribute t the whle and t an understanding f the tpic. RST Analyze the authr s purpse in prviding an explanatin, describing a prcedure, r discussing an experiment in a text. Integratin f Knwledge and Ideas RST Integrate quantitative r technical infrmatin expressed in wrds in a text with a versin f that infrmatin expressed visually (e.g., in a flwchart, diagram, mdel, graph, r table). RST Distinguish amng facts, reasned judgment based n research findings, and speculatin in a text. RST Cmpare and cntrast the infrmatin gained frm experiments, simulatins, vide, r multimedia surces with that gained frm reading a text n the same tpic. Range f Reading and Level f Text Cmplexity RST By the end f grade 8, read and cmprehend science/technical texts in the grades 6 8 text cmplexity band independently and prficiently. 39

40 Text Types and Purpses Writing Standards fr Histry/Science/Technical Subjects 6-8 WHST Write arguments fcused n discipline-specific cntent. Intrduce claim(s) abut a tpic r issue, acknwledge and distinguish the claim(s) frm alternate r ppsing claims, and rganize the reasns and evidence lgically. Supprt claim(s) with lgical reasning and relevant, accurate data and evidence that demnstrate an understanding f the tpic r text, using credible surces. Use wrds, phrases, and clauses t create chesin and clarify the relatinships amng claim(s), cunterclaims, reasns, and evidence. Establish and maintain a frmal style. Prvide a cncluding statement r sectin that fllws frm and supprts the argument presented. WHST Write infrmative/explanatry texts, including the narratin f histrical events, scientific prcedures/ experiments, r technical prcesses. Intrduce a tpic clearly, previewing what is t fllw; rganize ideas, cncepts, and infrmatin int brader categries as apprpriate t achieving purpse; include frmatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., charts, tables), and multimedia when useful t aiding cmprehensin. Develp the tpic with relevant, well-chsen facts, definitins, cncrete details, qutatins, r ther infrmatin and examples. Use apprpriate and varied transitins t create chesin and clarify the relatinships amng ideas and cncepts. Use precise language and dmain-specific vcabulary t infrm abut r explain the tpic. Establish and maintain a frmal style and bjective tne. Prvide a cncluding statement r sectin that fllws frm and supprts the infrmatin r explanatin presented. WHST (See nte; nt applicable as a separate requirement) 40

41 Prductin and Distributin f Writing WHST Prduce clear and cherent writing in which the develpment, rganizatin, and style are apprpriate t task, purpse, and audience. WHST With sme guidance and supprt frm peers and adults, develp and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, r trying a new apprach, fcusing n hw well purpse and audience have been addressed. WHST Use technlgy, including the Internet, t prduce and publish writing and present the relatinships between infrmatin and ideas clearly and efficiently. Research t Build and Present Knwledge WHST Cnduct shrt research prjects t answer a questin (including a self-generated questin), drawing n several surces and generating additinal related, fcused questins that allw fr multiple avenues f explratin. WHST Gather relevant infrmatin frm multiple print and digital surces, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy f each surce; and qute r paraphrase the data and cnclusins f thers while aviding plagiarism and fllwing a standard frmat fr citatin. WHST Draw evidence frm infrmatinal texts t supprt analysis reflectin, and research. Range f Writing WHST Write rutinely ver extended time frames (time fr reflectin and revisin) and shrter time frames (a single sitting r a day r tw) fr a range f discipline-specific tasks, purpses, and audiences. Nte Students narrative skills cntinue t grw in these grades. The Standards require that students be able t incrprate narrative elements effectively int arguments and infrmative/explanatry texts. In histry/scial studies, students must be able t incrprate narrative accunts int their analyses f individuals r events f histrical imprt. In science and technical subjects, students must be able t write precise enugh descriptins f the step-by-step prcedures they use in their investigatins r technical wrk that thers can replicate them and (pssibly) reach the same results. 41

42 Measuring Text Cmplexity Qualitative evaluatin f the text Levels f meaning, structure, language cnventinality and clarity, and knwledge demands Quantitative evaluatin f the text Readability measures and ther scres f text cmplexity Matching reader t text and task Reader variables (such as mtivatin, knwledge, and experiences) and task variables (such as purpse and the cmplexity generated by the task assigned and the questins psed) Students in K 5 apply the Reading standards t the fllwing range f text types, with texts selected frm a brad range f cultures and perids. Literature 42 Infrmatinal Text Stries Dramas Petry Literary Nnfictin and Histrical, Scientific, and Technical Texts Includes children s adventure stries, flktales, legends, fables, fantasy, realistic fictin, and myth Includes staged dialgue and brief familiar scenes Includes nursery rhymes and the subgenres f the narrative pem, limerick, and free verse pem Includes bigraphies and autbigraphies; bks abut histry, scial studies, science, and the arts; technical texts, including directins, frms, and infrmatin displayed in graphs, charts, r maps; and digital surces n a range f tpics