Page #1 & Activity #54-Drive a Nail

Transcription

1 Name: Page #1 & Activity #54-Drive a Nail Quiz Act # s Study Guide 1.) What is the definition of energy? (page 1) The ability to do work. (anything that can cause an object to change, work or move) 2.) What are the two basic types of energy? (page 1) Potential and Kinetic 3.) In act# 54, we dropped a metal rod onto a nail and drove the nail into the Styrofoam block. A.) What type of energy did the rod have when we held it motionless above the tube? Gravitational Potential Energy B.) What type of energy did it have right before it hit the nail? Kinetic Energy or Motion Energy C.)Was the energy transformed or transferred from GPE to KE? EXPLAIN!!!!!!!!!!!! Transforming because it changed energy types D.) Some of the kinetic energy of the rod was NOT transferred to the kinetic energy of the nail being driven into the block. Where did this energy go? (circle ALL that apply) Heat Into the tube Sound Your finger Back into GPE 4.) 5.) Activity #55-Roller Coaster Energy 1.) What is the difference between and energy transfer and an energy transformation? The energy type remains the same during an energy transfer and changes during a transformation. 2.) Look at the diagram of a roller coaster above. At which point does this roller coaster: a. have the most gravitational potential energy? W b. have the most kinetic energy? X c. have both kinetic and gravitational potential energy? X, Y, Z

2 3.) True/False and Explain. Since the rollercoaster is moving faster at point X, it has more total energy than point W. FALSE, the roller coaster has more kinetic energy but the total energy of the rollercoaster and surrounding system does not change. (the actual rollercoaster has less energy because some of the energy was transformed into non-useful types of energy such as heat and sound) 4.) Why can t a rollercoaster go up a hill that is higher than the hill it just came down? Because it does not have enough energy 5.) What were the 5 main energy transformations that occur during a rollercoaster? 1- GPE --> KE 4- KE --> Sound Energy 2- KE --> GPE 5- KE --> Heat Energy 3- Electric Energy --> _KE as it goes up hill Activity #56-Shake the Shot 1.) What is the difference between heat and temperature? Heat is the energy of the entire substance while temperature is the average energy of an individual molecule 2.) Why did the temperature go up as we increased the shaking time? There was more friction and kinetic energy being transformed into heat 3.) What was one energy transfer occurring inside of the container? Heat energy of shots transferred into heat energy of thermometer 4.) What was one energy transformation occurring inside of the container? Chemical potential energy of hand transformed into kinetic energy of hand 5.) What was one energy transfer occurring outside of the container? Kinetic energy of hand transferred into kinetic energy of bottle 6.) What was one energy transformation occurring outside of the container? Kinetic energy of shots transformed into heat energy of shots (due to friction) Activity #57-Conservation of Energy 1.) What actually happens to the energy that many people think is destroyed? It is transformed into an non useable form of energy 2.) What is the efficiency of a battery that gives off 60% thermal energy? 40% 3.) What is the efficiency of another battery that transforms 70% electrical energy? 70% 4.) How is useable energy different from non-usable energy? Give an example of each Useable is a useful type of energy like kinetic energy of a car while non-useable energy is not useful, like the heating up of the car s engine, or the sound it makes

3 Activity #58-Follow the Energy 1.) What are the 5 types of potential energy given in activity #58? 1.) Chemical 2.)_Elastic_ 3.)_Static 4.) Gravitational 5.) Nuclear 2.) What are the 5 types of kinetic energy given in activity #58? 1.) Electric 2.)_Light_ 3.) Motion(kinetic) 4.) Sound 5.) Thermal 3.) According to the energy cards to the right, what types of energy transformation is taking place? Card # 15_Kinetic energy of hand transformed into Elastic energy of sponge_ Card # 13_electirc energy transformed into kinetic energy of fan_ 4.) What type of energy do fossil fuels contain before they are burned? a.) Electrical b.) Thermal c.) Chemical Potential d.) Chemical Kinetic 5.) Potential energy is is a type of energy that has not yet been used. Kinetic energy, Thermal energy, or Potential energy 6.) Where does most of the energy for living things come from? _The Sun_ Activity #59 Ice Melting Contest 1.) In activity #59, Ice Melting Contest what heat energy transfer process were we trying to maximize? Conduction 2.) What is the process of conduction? Transfer of energy through direct contact of molecules 3.) What are the molecules doing during conduction in all 3 Phases of matter (solid, liquid and gas)? a.) nothing b.) staying in place c.) transferring energy through direct collisions d.) B & C 4.) In the ice melting contest, where did you experience an Energy transfer though conduction Where the ice was in direct contact with hands, water, armpits or butt (whatever you used to melt the ice) Energy transformation Chemical potential energy from food in stomach kinetic energy of your moving hands

4 Activity #60-Ice Preserving Contest 1.) What are materials that are bad at transferring energy called? Insulators or poor conductors 2.) Speaking scientifically, what were you trying to do in activity #60? (use the words Conduction, Insulation, Transfer, & Thermal energy) We insulated our ice cubes with the goal being to limit the transfer of thermal energy by the process of conduction 3.) Materials that are good insulators are a.) good conductors b.) poor conductors 4.) Materials that are good at transferring energy are called? a.) conductors b.) preservers c.) insulators d.) poor conductors Activity #62-Quantifying Energy 1.) Where did the thermal energy of the hot water go when the ice cube was added? Into the ice cube, some also went into the air and cup 2.) If the hot water released 400 calories of energy to melt an ice cube, how many calories (roughly) did the ice cube absorb and why? a.) 500 calories because some energy was created b.) 400 calories because all energy was transferred c.) 300 calories because some of the energy transferred to the air and cup 3.) According to the lab, what did the energy released by the water equal? Energy absorbed by the ice cube 4.) How much energy was required to melt your groups ice cube? (please include unit) Should be around calories or 1-3 Calories 5.) What does it mean to quantify something? To determine an amount or value of something 6.) How much in energy (in calories or C g) would be required to raise the temperature of 780mL of water from 23 C to 36 C? Show your work Formula Energy Released= Temp change x Mass of water Work =780g x 13 o C Answer (with unit) C g C g is a calorie, another unit for energy

5 7.) Label 2 spots were convection is occurring and 2 spots where conduction is occurring in the picture below, be specific!!!!!! Activity #61-Mixing Hot and Cold Water 1.) What is the term for energy transfer that involves bulk flow of molecules? Convection 2.) How does thermal energy move? a.) from hot to cold b.) from cold to hot c.) by airplane only 3.) When you mixed the hot and cold water in the cup, the thermal energy from the cup of warm water was Transferred to the cup of Cold water through a process of convection. Options(not all will be used) -cold, hot, transform, transfer, thermal, conduction, convection 4.) What was the type of energy movement seen in activity #61? Convection Activity #63-Measuring Energy 1.) What device did we use in activity #63 to measure the amount of chemical potential energy in a cheese puff? Calorimeter 2.) What type of energy did the cheese puff have initially? Chemical potential energy 3.) The chemical potential energy of the cheese puff was Transformed into thermal energy of the cheese puff? (transformed or transferred) 4.) The thermal energy of the cheese puff was Transferred into thermal energy of the can/water? (transformed or transferred) 5.) 4567 calories (science calories) is equal to how many Calories (nutritional calories) Calories 6.) Was all the energy from the burning cheese puff transferred to the can? Explain Absolutely not, some thermal energy went into the air and some went into the can 8.) What are the two units for energy you have learned and used so far? Joules and Calories

6 9.) What was used to help transform the chemical potential energy of a cheese puff into thermal energy of a cheese puff? a.) calorimeter b.) a match/flame c.) the water/can d.) a school bus Main Ideas: You will find page #53-54 helpful 1.) Complete the following Venn Diagram referring to conduction, convection and radiation Molecules are in direct contact and collide. Occurs primarily in solids Types of energy transfer (energy movement) Molecules move in bulk flow Occurs in fluids (liquids & gasses) Does not require movement of molecules. Uses electromagnetic waves 2.) Radiation travels in electromagnetic waves and does not require matter to travel through 3.) Electromagnetic waves are all forms of Light Waves 4.) Warmer air raises because it is less dense Options- raises, sinks, more dense, or less dense 5.) Cooler air sinks because it is more dense Options- raises, sinks, more dense, or less dense 6.) Circle the fluids (more than one may exist) a.) solid b.) liquid C.) gases D.) None 7.) Circle the phases of matter (more than one may exist) a.) solid b.) liquid C.) gases D.) None 8.) Circle the phase of matter that contains molecules that are not fixed in place (more than one may exist) a.) solid b.) liquid C.) gases D.) None 9.) What are the two major examples that transfer heat through radiation? Sunlight and fire 10.) increase or decrease As you decrease the speed of molecules, you decrease the distance between the molecules, therefore decrease the volume which ultimately increases the density.