Temperature and Heat 4.1. Temperature depends on particle movement Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. 4.3
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1 Temperature and Heat NEW the BIG idea Heat is a flow of energy due to temperature differences. 4.1 Temperature depends on particle movement. 4.2 Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. 4.3 The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. OUTLINE
2 4.1 Temperature depends on particle movement. All particles in matter have kinetic energy. Temperature is the measurement of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. Temperature is commonly measured on the Fahrenheit or Celsius scales. Particles in a warmer substance have a greater average kinetic energy than particles in a cooler substance. kinetic theory of matter temperature degree thermometer hot liquid cold liquid SECTION OUTLINE
3 4.1 Temperature depends on particle movement. All particles in matter have kinetic energy. Temperature is the measurement of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. Temperature is commonly measured on the Fahrenheit or Celsius scales. Particles in a warmer substance have a greater average kinetic energy than particles in a cooler substance. kinetic theory of matter temperature degree thermometer VISUALIZATION Explore how temperature affects the speed of particles. SECTION OUTLINE
4 4.2 Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. Heat is a transfer of energy from an object at a higher temperature. Energy is transferred from the warmer lemonade to the cold ice through heat. Different materials require different amounts of energy to change temperature. heat thermal energy calorie joule specific heat heat ice SECTION OUTLINE
5 4.3 The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. Energy can be transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation. Different materials are used to control the transfer of energy. Types of Energy Transfer Conduction Energy transferred by direct contact Energy flows directly from warmer object to cooler object Can occur within one object Continues until object temperatures are equal Convection Occurs in gases and liquids Movement of large number of particles in same direction Occurs due to difference in density Cycle occurs while temperature differences exist Radiation Energy transferred by electromagnetic waves such as light, microwaves, and infrared radiation All objects radiate energy Can transfer energy through empty space conduction conductor insulator convection radiation SECTION OUTLINE
6 4.3 The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. Energy can be transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation. Different materials are used to control the transfer of energy. SIMULATION Identify examples of conduction, convection, or radiation. conduction conductor insulator convection radiation SECTION OUTLINE
7 4.1 Temperature depends on particle movement. I. Temperature depends on particle movement. A. All matter is made of moving particles. 1. The Kinetic Theory of Matter 2. Temperature and Kinetic Energy B. Temperature can be measured. 1. Temperature Scales 2. Thermometers kinetic theory of matter temperature degree thermometer 3. Thermal Expansion SUMMARY
8 4.2 Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. II. Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. A. Heat is different from temperature. 1. Heat and Thermal Energy 2. Measuring Heat B. Some substances change temperature more easily than others. 1. Specific Heat 2. Specific Heat and Mass heat thermal energy calorie joule specific heat SUMMARY
9 4.3 The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. III. The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. A. Energy moves as heat in three ways. 1. Conduction 2. Convection 3. Radiation B. Different materials are used to control the transfer of energy. conduction conductor insulator convection radiation SUMMARY
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