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10 %\9 < P " ;( #a&&.3? ) 2A ( =N I * 5 < >N ) 4 v! ] :0 3Q 2.3* 5 4K' Q : 8 *!K )!)8 Z4 IN it = α o + βgpop it + β2iprit + β3openit + β4interestit + β5eduit + Uit!K (K ) 3 ) (!)8 M ) IN Z4 2!K e K :54K_L F L K β i ( α.4k Z4 :,L 2 (3 (K) bb+ 4>!4K i ) Z4 4?!'.3 `+ :!) t ) 4K > Z9!K!4 (MENA) ) 5!K Z4 :: '? Z4 U it.4k: ` *!K :* > (IN) #"?.3-!)8!4 :K od>.3 ) IN Z4 2 )!)) F 3 T ' 30g!K3' 4> ) R & D!KMK (: ; 2.4K M :0> ) M! ) t9!)8 :E) ' H : 8!.E 3 :K3M! T ' 30g!K3' 4> E) zg' 8!K ) R & D!KMK!K 30 8!K 4> N+ 2 ) 2.3 E :db o0 4 > Z9!K! ]!)8 ; K! K I T ' 30g!K3'.(2006 ( =N) 3 4 * 5 (Growth POP) PA (0 l.3-2 Z * a B (: ; 8 4 Œ!)8 3 3>E gs :!.3 4 0, popt popt popt 6+4 > # 6 " (IPR) #6 6) k*q >&,Q ) W) ) r O c' ) I : B :E >N! J* 3JN +9 c' 3 E `Q!K3M :' `N 5 -W? c' ) : [= 5 -W? O ([ ( ( (H 0Q ( ( (n ( ( G (!> ( M=N. 2. Patent Application by Resident 2008 Z c' 2 0 ` ) !)! 4 5 -W? c'.3.4 ) 22 ) !)! W? I 96

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13 392 $ ' +, -. '()" *% $0 " #,-&. K ) bb+ g) 3g g \) : E) \) ) `? )8! :,L!K bb+ g) :*G g \) ) (4 :@0K :,L!K N F 8 -= 4> 5 : :*G ) 3g g \) 2 tq! 4 4 < K.(44 :@0K.3 2K 8 (\) T 2>! 8 2 H!L * `+ H o!l *.(76z (2003 (:*) ; 8 2 2!8!E χ b! (H ) 2K 8! 8.: 0, βfe βre( GLS ) H = (2) VAR( βfe ) VAR( βre( GLS )) :*G g \) >N 2!K)8 zg' (3) Z)4E 2K 8 RE or FE RE [probe] chi sq-statisti K: Q 4s A5 -!? r.3-', Housman test > Z9!K a+, 0, :t8j `J (K 52 :0 >N! 4: t= :+;.!K 3K ) F L > V, )8 n) :K O gs E.4 ) n) :K -4 E) (2q 5 K 2'? `0Q 3 -d (! 8 m0!ns 2ˆK 30 8 (:.!K n)! 8!. a+, :K n).: ; (LR) :3 [probe] 0000 "5 B ' -!? "(F.4-', LR chi *3 9- > Z9!K a+, 0, :t8j 99. Likelihood Ratio 99

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19 392 $ ' +, -. '()" *% $0 " #,-&. 05 (:E ++, ) >N f :."" -% "0D,".(346) 4E (-.(' :.'?- "0F!#F) "#D,.#5# J$<). (F "F- -0%F.'?- "$.4 z (-) 4.E w".(386) 29 (! c< (33 (O Z (!GQ!K[K)D?!.G*.".(w (#F -# "(".(386) `> L ) O9 (:;<:Nd c< (:E -.!.=."((F ' 03 gc-h.5* ' c#l<) O#.#003AD) J -% "(F".(390)!49 >!.G*." J2 N5 :ND-) '!K[K)D?!.G*.".iI D-) ; Z_0 E, ' O% F g.'?- "$ ) `P;N (!8.5-*3 D-).(4) (!)* ) O. 3 w".(386) Q (:N c< (3 (O Z (!GQ :.""0D,.5(w ' 5* (F.?".(377) 49 (:.:@K * >N ) :.97 z (: :.""0D, "4 ".(375) 4< (! C Acemoglu D., Zilibotti F. (200). "Productivity Differences". Quarterly Journal of Economics, 6, Becker, Gary and Richard Posner Blog, (2005): Reteried, Dec. 0 from http: becker-posner-blog.com Blakeney, M. (996). "Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights: A Concise Guide to the TRIPS Agreement". London: sweet & Maxwell, p.0 Chen, Y. Puttitanun, T, (2005). "Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation in Developing Countries". Journal of Development Economics, 78(2), Chakraborty, B., (2006). "Brain Drain: an Alternative Theorization". Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, 5(3), pp Crespi, F. (2004). "Notes on the Determinants of Innovation: A Multi Perspective Analysis". Department of Economics, University of Roma Tre, Via Ostiense 39, 0054 Roma. Coccia, M, (203). "Population and Technological Innovation: the Optimal Interaction Across Modern Countries". Working Paper Ceris del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Anno XV, (n.7-issn (Print): ). 05

20 Ehrlich, I & lui, F. (997). "The Problem of Population and Growth: A Review of the Literature from Malthus to Contemporary Models of Endogenous Population and Endogenous Growth". Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control Furman, J.L., Porter, M.E. and Stern, S., (2002). "The Determinants of National Innovation Capacity". Research Policy, 3(6), pp C.I. Jones. "R&D-Based Models of Economic Growth". Journal of Polit. Econ. 03 (4) (995) M. Kremer. "Population Growth and Technological Change: One Million B.C. to 990". Quarterly Journal Econ. 08 (3) (993) Leger, A., (2006). "Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation in Developing Countries: Evidence from Panel Data". Contributed paper prepared at the International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference, Gold Coast, Australia. Lucas R.(988). "On the Mechanics of Economic Development". Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, Malthus, Thomas R, (820). "Principles of Political Economics". New York. Augustus M.Kelly Park, W. G, (2008). "International Patent Protection". Research Policy, 37, > # 6 " 06

21 The Impact of Population Growth on Innovation in Selected Developing Countries Reyhaneh Khani, Zahra Nasrollahi Received: 2 February 204 Accepted: 2 March 204 Man and his abilities is the main base of innovation. Although in past the comparative advantage based on natural resource endowments, but in the twentieth it is man and his capability s that create comparative advantage. In other words man can using their technical knowledge, creative force, skills and education and with discovery of human needs and producing new goods will established foundation of modern knowledge economy. The role of population growth and its impact on all aspects of life, especially economic impact has been one of the main interests of researcher. The population growth is one of the most important issues facing developing countries and the impact of population growth on the innovations is one of the controversial topics. Hence this paper examines the impact of population growth on innovation in selected developing countries during The results indicate that population growth, human capital and intellectual property rights ate directly related to innovation in developing countries will increase innovation, but the degree of trade openness have an inverse relationship to innovation. Key Words: Population Growth, Innovation, Panel Data. 6

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