Earthquake and Tsunami Mitigations and Tsunami Warning System

Transcription

1 Earthquake and Tsunami Mitigations and Tsunami Warning System ดร เคร อว ลย จ นทร แก ว

2 Tsunami Early Warning Warning Center Operators Global Regional Govt., NGO, Emergency Manager, Civil Defense, Local Authorities National Tsunami Scientists (University and Government Researchers)

3 Effective Tsunami Warning System = Tsunami Risk Reduction Requires comprehensive approach; Warning guidance Risk assessment Preparedness Education

4 Tsunami Warning System in Thailand? Mitigation Programs Tsunami Education*** Tsunami Preparedness Local DART Buoys ($$$$$) Tide and Water Level Gauges Seismic Stations Distant

5 Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System Highly sensitive deep ocean network needed Could detect tsunamis as small as 1 cm and instantly transmit the data via satellite from buoys to nearby warning centers Established in Pacific Ocean during 2001 NOAA scientists believe that about 20 detectors provide adequate coverage for coastal warnings around the Pacific, and 50 would provide the basis of a global system (Kintisch, 2005)

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9 Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System Highly sensitive deep ocean network needed Could detect tsunamis as small as 1 cm and instantly transmit the data via satellite from buoys to nearby warning centers Established in Pacific Ocean during 2001 NOAA scientists believe that about 20 detectors provide adequate coverage for coastal warnings around the Pacific, and 50 would provide the basis of a global system (Kintisch, 2005)

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11 > M 7.5 < M 7.5 Tsunami Warning (0-2 Hrs) (0-3 Hrs) Tsunami Watching (2-4 Hrs) (3-6 Hrs) Tsunami Information Bulletin (usually issue hourly)

12 Water Level Gauges

13 Before After

14 Tide Gauges Stations Tarutao Present Ta Pao Noi (Phuket) Tab Lamu* (Koh Miang, Similan Islands) Ranong Kuraburi Kantung Trung Future Surin Islands (Outer most) Lanta Noi

15 ท าจ น แม กลอง ห วห น เกาะหล ก กองบ ญชาการกองท พเร อ ท าเร อกร งเทพฯ ป อมพระจ ลจอมเกล า บางปะกง ส นดอนเจ าพระยา เกาะส ช ง อ าวส ตห บ Tide Gauges Stations ปากน าระยอง แหลมส งห แหลมงอบ Present -Tab Lamu* (Koh Miang, Similan Islands) -Ta Pao Noi (Phuket) -Tarutao เกาะม ตโพน ปากน าระนอง เกาะสม ย เกาะปราบ อ าวท บละม ปากพน ง ปากน ากระบ เกาะตะเภาน อย Future -Ranong -Surin Islands (Outer most) -Kuraburi -Lanta Noi -Trung -Kantung ปากน าตร ง สงขล า ปากน าป ตตาน เกาะตะร เตา ปากน าบางนรา

16 Seismic Stations 1. Act as local earthquake and Tsunami warning centers 2. In case of earthquake source is in Thailand or nearby countries, quickly calculate earthquake source parameters Epicenter Depth Time Intensity 3. In case of earthquake originated in ocean at the shallow depth, calculate tsunami wave height 4. Issue Tsunami Warning, Tsunami Watching and Tsunami Bulletins

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18 Picture shows details of locations of various seismic stations and their distribution in Japan

19 Chulalongkorn Tsunami University Warning System-Local Level Evacuation routes and safe areas defined Tsunami siren poles Tsunami survival kit Tsunami workshop Tsunami evacuation drill Neighborhood Watch Automatic phone recording system Emergency personnel cooperation

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25 Emergency Survival Kit

26 Chulalongkorn University

27 Chulalongkorn University

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30 Tsunami Workshops

31 Public briefing

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37 Knowledge, Experiences Saved Lives Simulae Island, Indonesia, 6 died (74,000) Morgan people, Surin Island Tilly Smith, 10 yrs old English girls saved lives Education Works!!!

38 Earthquake and Tsunami Mitigation Programs For Coastal residents and those in high risk areas National and local officials School teachers Mass media Policy makers General public

39 Mitigation Programs Training classes, practice response plan Lectures Community briefings/public education Media broadcasts Information booklets, textbooks, lecture materials, audio-visual aids, posters, photographs, TV and radio materials, and other publications

40 Earthquake & Tsunami Preparedness A prepared and aware public will know immediately how to respond when a earthquake/tsunami emergency is declared = save lives!!!

41 Tsunami Evacuation: What are utmost important issues? Evacuation need to incorporate as habit -through school Timing the time use in evacuation Information put in evacuation map should not be too much (what are the necessities???) Map making should involve community (Community Awareness) Capacity of evacuation (building, shelter) Cooperation from media and transportation system Disable people, elderly and children, pet in evacuation -young volunteer group

42 Chulalongkorn Tsunami University Evacuation-Possible Further Problems? Multi-hazard Weekend/tourist seasons Roads are not the best route to escape, what is the best route? Regulation with high rise buildings = no proximal safer ground Evacuation cost $$$$ Sanitary, water, sewage system

43 Reflects on Tsunami Warning issued by NDWC on 24 th July 2004

44 Tsunami Evacuation: What need to be improved? Provincial authorities need to improve their evacuation plan Improve public relations regarding the safe way to evacuate Move forward but cautious Improve telephone/communication system in case of emergency Proper use of emergency phone number and 1860 How long to wait for a confirmation and how to pass the information to the residents?

45 Special Thanks to Dr. Futoshi Nanayama, GSJ Dr Brian Atwater, USGS Prof. Ken-ichiro Hisada, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan Stephanie Fritts, 911 and Emergency Management Coordinator, Pacific County, Washington,USA

46 Thank you for your kind attention.