Euro-Méditerranean. Introduction - Karim Yelles The Euro-Méditerranean

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1 Euro-Méditerranean Symposium - Working Group 2 Geohazards : earthquakes, slope unstabilities,, tsunamis, coastal erosion Agenda, November 20th, 15h00 18h30 Chair : Karim Yelles (CRAAG, Algeria) Convener : Louis Géli (Ifremer, France) Report : Pol Guennoc (BRGM, France) Introduction - Karim Yelles The Euro-Méditerranean Seismological Center : an original organization for the coordination and federation of the seismological community, Gilles Mazet-Roux (CSEM/EMSC) Tsunami hazards in the North-Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and adjacent seas, Miguel Miranda (Faculdade( de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa) Submarine landslides, slope unstabilities and catastrophic events. The importance of seafloor mapping and imaging. Francesco Chiocci (Università La Sapienza,, Roma) The Prisme Programme : a case study,, Bruno Savoye (Ifremer) Erosion Processes,, Nicole Lenôtre (BRGM) & Bouchta El Moumni (Université de Tanger) Seafloor observatories : an essential tool for geohazard assessment and mitigation, Paolo Favali (INGV) & Roland Person (Ifremer( Ifremer) European Plate Observatory System,, François Cornet, (IPG Strasbourg) & Massimo Cocco (INGV) Eurofleets : a tool to access to oceanographic facilities (Antoine Dosdat, Ifremer) Discussion Conclusions

2 The Mediterranean area: geodynamically active Slowly favoring the North South convergence but generating numerous geological hazards

3 Seismic monitoring: networking of databases and dissemination EMSC/ CSEM created by the scientific community (ESC) in 1975 to rapidly locate earthquakes 77 institutes in 50 countries Data exchange with a hundred of institutes in more than 60 countries 1300 stations (on land) Production of bulletin at Mediterranean scale Permanent funding only from institutional quotas and CoE subvention Soft money represents 90% of the 2007 budget!

4 Tsunami hazards in the Mediterranean No emergency plans for tsunamis (excepted in Japan, USA ) before the giant Indian Ocean tsunami on December 26, 2004 Large European Mediteranean tsunamis: Lisbon 1755, Alexandria, Messine Geological hazards are facing the medium/long term recurrence problem Modelling impact of tsunamis on the coast are ongoing in various countries Models are able to reproduce well the measurements and the observation In critical areas there is a need for vulnerability studies Early warning system : ICG/NEAMTWS an intergovernmental subsidiary body of the IOC, established in June 2005 (Resolution XXIII-14)

5 Importance of submarine edifices vs subaerial, Strong slopes, various geomorphic processes Numerous instabilities revealed by detailed mapping Stromboli edifice Etna edifice

6 «Relatively «small» landslides may cause severe damages in near crowded areas 2002 Stromboli Italy Road Stromboli houses

7 Objective To detect and map all the Italian seafloor geohazard features in the more instable continental margins Production of Geohazard Maps (A0 format, 1:50.000) covering the seafloor in the depth interval m

8 Detailed studies of geohazards: slope instabilities PRISME Cruise: 7 oct 7 nov 2007 A federative cruise: parners from France, Italy, Spain, Algeria A tour of 4 target areas previously studied by other «conventionnal means»: Gulf of Lions, Ibiza Channel, Algerian margin, Nice slope With 2 initiative tools : Penfeld penetrometer and piezometers -Objectives - internal architecture of recent gravity deposition events in the W Mediterranean - spatial variability of associated turbidity deposits - triggering mechanisms of the process for each studied area - evaluation of future potential risk of submarine slope failure - solutions capable of reducing the danger of submarine

9 Coastal erosion Status of European costal erosion: : EUROSION project 20% of EU coastline are eroded or protected 15 KM² of coastal zone are «lost» per year 3.2 milliard are spent for coastal defence per year! Costal erosion is a non linear/ non continuous processes Studies need continuous multifrequency monitoring at local to regional scales various and detailed studies (mrophology, sedimentoly, hydrodynamics

10 Costal evolution (erosion, stability, prograding) is a non linear processes, not constant in time Extreme events storms- may be highly damaged for years Studies need continuous monitoring at local to regional scales (networks) various and detailed data (morphology, sedimentoly, hydrodynamics ) at sea and on land for modelling the geomorphologic evolution trough coupled multiscale and multitools approach and proposing scenarii evaluation of possible refurnishment from offshore fossil deposits and fundamental research on processes + more derailed basic knowledge of coastal zones Coastal erosion will increase severely with increased human occupation climatic changes: sealevel elevation (>= 60cm in this century), higher impact of storms

11 Seafloor Observatories: essential tools for Geo-Hazard assessment and mitigation Geo-hazards distribution calls for a Regional approach for monitoring, warning and study Important sources of Geo-hazards are located in marine areas and effective monitoring needs network extension to the seafloor Geo-hazard prone marine areas have been well identified (e.g., ESONET, MOMAR, NEAREST), scientific and technological activities already started NEAREST 85 km offshore 3200 m w.d. (Sagres Plateau) GEOSTAR 1-year monitoring: Deployment August 2007

12 EMSO European Mutidisciplinary deep Seafloor observatories Preparatory phase (P Favali coord) start early 2008 (4 years) To be deployed on specific sites around European waters, according to a list of key sites identified by ESONET NoE and forming a widely distributed pan-european infrastructure

13 EUROFLEETS next call European call opened end nov 07: Research Infratstructure ~5 7 M, 4 years program, for vessels L>35m, submarine or embarked tools Networking activities: European harmonizationof slection procedures, fast operation (in case of emergency), inetroperability, regional coordination, shared strategic, ecoresponsability, traing periods (technician, young scientists), data management, extra Europe cooperation Transnational access: cruises, transits, at distance access Joint Research activities: acquisition softwares, acoustic systems harmonization, mobile sensors, environemnt protection during research at sea, technical priorities

14 WG2 Preparatory note Actions Build integrated land-sea projects (incl. detailed swath bathymetric surveys, HR seismics ) fro the evaluation of geological hazards Study the potential slides on slopes and their impacts on coastal zones Complement the seismic networks with marine stations Install permanent systems for monitoring the coastal erosion Install / reinforce Tsunami Alert Systems Integrate fundamental researches inlc. Observatories, boreholes, numerical modelling for sediment transport, tsunami impacts

15 Working Group discussion Question submitted : which strategy for linking the main expectations of the geosciences community? Elaborate a multi-disciplinary research program on geological hazards, integrating land and marine aspects and involving the countries from the northern and southern Mediterranean Develop training and mobility of students and researchers Structurate marine sciences research at the Euro-Mediterranean level (development of the access to marine research infrastructures) Implement a pluri-annual programmation of trans-national cruises involving countries from both shores of the Mediterranean (connexion with Eurofleets).

16 Discussion : some of the matters discussed Strong need for more detailed knowledge of seabed and sub-seabed seabed and fundamental research on processes at all levels (local, regional,,,deep, crust / surficial) ) (+ integrated land /sea/ sea) Develop links with industry (existing in N and S countries) for the access to unique sets of data (eg( very deep and good resolution seismic,, drill holes), Various public means exist but are not enough structured Develop multidisciplinarity of projects Tsunami hazard : need for detailed knowledge in the coastal areas Strong needs expressed from Southern countries Access to oceanographioc vessels and tools Sharing experience on scientific concepts, Full cooperation project building (from( the beginning) Developing local marine research facilities Launching a Mediterranean workfield (INSU) Reinforce exchange about scientific questions & results / answers with decision makers,, local authorities

17 An improved assessment of geological hazards and their impacts needs A better structuration of projects tools data : networking and further integration of databases New data acquisition including seabed and subseabed surveys at various scales, from land to coastal zone to the deep sea from the surface to the deep crust Monitoring in designated sensitive / evolutive areas In the coastal zone On the slopes & in the deep basins Establishing a real & full North-South partnership: from defining the scientific programmes, to the data acquisition, processing, interpretation incl. strong training

18 Working Group propositions Create North South Mediterranean coordination structures at all levels associating : policy makers, funding agencies and scientific organizations scientists / project managers and regional authorities in charge of spatial management, socio- economic aspects, scientists from various disciplines for building multidsicplinary projects towards a permanent Mediterranean «structure» Reinforce or structure networks (ex. EMOD call) Facilitate access of Southern countries to oceanographic vessels / tools (ex trough Eurofleet) Develop common integrated scientific projects on the Mediterranean in a full / complete partnership scheme incl. installation of means in Southern countries + training