Yumei Wang, DOGAMI Geohazards Engineer, PE. Oct. 21, M6.3. Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
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1 Earthquake Risks in Multnomah County Yumei Wang, DOGAMI Geohazards Engineer, PE Oct. 21, M6.3 Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
2 Outline I. Oregon s Earthquake Setting II. Seismic Vulnerabilities - URM & Weak Buildings - Liquefaction & Landslides - Lifeline Service Disruptions III. Earthquake Safety: Call to Action - Increase Awareness - Prioritize/Improve Oregon s Resilience - Seismic Rehabilitation Examples 10/17/2014 DOGAMI, Y.Wang
3 Origin of Earthquakes Greek Mythology: Cerberus Japanese Mythology: Namazu Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
4 1980 Mt St Helens Eruption In 1980, volcanoes were known, but geologists did not understand Oregon s earthquake potential 10/17/2014 Y. Wang
5 Late 1980s, Cascadia Fault discovered Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
6 When, Where, How Big? 100%, don t know exactly when (Goldfinger et al, 2012; Image: DOGAMI Cascadia, 2010) Magnitude 9 on Jan. 26, 1700 (314 yrs ago) ~41 >Magnitude 8 in 10,000 year record Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
7 Cascadia Double Whammy! Ground shaking Tsunami (coast) Coast subsidence Liquefaction Lateral spreading Landslides Ground settlement Seiches (waves) Fires Hazmat spills Infrastructure damage Service disruptions Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
8 Cascadia Fault: Strong Shaking and Damage in Western OR & WA Extreme Damage by Tsunami Major Damage in Coastal Areas Significant Damage in Valley Light or No Damage in Central OR WA OR CA 10/17/2014 Yumei Wang, DOGAMI Source: DHS 2011 Analytical Baseline Study
9 Portland Area Faults Gales Creek fault M mm/yr Portland Hills fault M mm/yr Lacamas Lake fault M mm/yr 10/17/2014 Helvetia fault M mm/yr Newberg fault M mm/yr Bolton fault M mm/yr Y. Wang Grant Butte fault M mm/yr Sandy River fault M mm/yr Source: USGS, 2014
10 Duration: Cascadia vs. Portland Acceleration (g) Chile M8.8 Northridge M Time (seconds) Source: D. Baska, Terracon 10/17/2014 Yumei Wang, DOGAMI
11 Outline I. Oregon s Earthquake Setting II. Seismic Vulnerabilities - URM & Weak Buildings - Liquefaction & Landslides - Lifeline Service Disruptions III. Earthquake Safety: Call to Action - Increase Awareness - Prioritize/Improve Oregon s Resilience - Seismic Rehabilitation Examples 10/17/2014 DOGAMI, Y.Wang
12 Why Does Oregon Have Seismic High Risk? Late Knowledge on Cascadia Fault + Inadequate Seismic Design & Building Codes = Vulnerable Infrastructure 10/17/2014 DOGAMI, Y.Wang
13 Seismic Building Code Maps (10% PE in 50 yrs) (Algermissen & Perkins) %g Zone Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
14 Wood vs. Unreinforced Masonry (URM) Shaking Response Differences Shown in Lab 10/17/2014 Y. Wang
15 Collapse Potential: Schools & Critical Facilities ( Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014 Data from DOGAMI Statewide Seismic Needs Assessment
16 Multnomah County DOGAMI (2007) ( 331 school & emergency response buildings 293 constructed before hospitals (original building date and licensed beds) Good Samaritan (1921, 539 beds) Emanuel (1936, 554 beds) Providence (1941, 483 beds) OHSU (1956, 560 beds) Adventist (1977, 302 beds) Mt Hood (1983, 115 beds) 10/17/2014 Y. Wang
17 Portland Area Non-Residential Portland earthquake codes: 1956 Cascadia earthquake codes: /17/2014 Y. Wang Data from METRO 2011 taxlot database
18 Deaths: Concentrated Fatalities Weak buildings that collapse Weak in lateral strength Un-Reinforced Masonry URM Calif. has URM ordinances People in Tsunami Zones Low lying coastal towns Seaside, Rockaway, Bandon, more Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
19 Liquefaction (sandy soils) & Landslides 8/07 Japan quake 8/07 Japan quake Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
20 Portland Riverbanks & Floodplains 10/17/2014 Yumei Wang, DOGAMI
21 Portland Landslide Mapping Efforts DOGAMI s current study area excludes E. Mult. Co (B.Burns) 10/17/2014 Y. Wang
22 Lifelines: Community Interdependencies
23 Earthquakes Damage Lifelines
24 Emergency Lifeline Services
25 Outline I. Oregon s Earthquake Setting II. Seismic Vulnerabilities - URM & Weak Buildings - Liquefaction & Landslides - Lifeline Service Disruptions III. Earthquake Safety: Call to Action - Increase Awareness - Prioritize/Improve Oregon s Resilience - Seismic Rehabilitation Examples 10/17/2014 DOGAMI, Y.Wang
26 CALL TO ACTION Build Human Resilience Resilience Advisor & Public Education (Resilience Task Force, Sept 2014) Similar to Recycling Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
27 Get Citizens Prepared Earthquake Drills Encourage home inspections Prepare citizens to Camp at home (3 wks of supplies) (FEMA 528) Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
28 Identify Vulnerable Infrastructure Prioritize and Fix Before Earthquake Home, School, Work Community Services Utility Services Transportation & Fuel Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
29 2013 Oregon Resilience Plan & 2014 Task Force Recommendations 50-Year Vision Priorities Oversight: Resilience Advisor to Governor Transportation Land Use Energy Critical Facilities & Seismic Rehabilitation Grants Research Training & Education Water & Wastewater Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
30 Findings for Cascadia Magnitude 9 Scenario Business Group Tolerate 2 to 4 wks outages or gone CDRM Source: ORP 2013 Portland/Valley Downtime Electricity: 1 to 3 mo Fire & Police: 2 to 4 mo Water: 6 to 12 mo Healthcare: 18 mo Source: I. Madin, DOGAMI Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
31 Deaths, Dollars & Downtime Portland multi-modal transportation corridor Union Pacific & BNSF rail yards (rail) Port of Portland & other ports (marine) Interstate 5, I-205 & I-84 (highways) PDX (air) Oregon s fuel supply hub on liquefiable soils YWang,DOGAMI, 2014
32 Oregon s Critical Energy Infrastructure Hub Located in Portland Intersection of: Petroleum Natural Gas Electric Liquefaction Risk 2013 DOGAMI Energy Sector Report YWang,DOGAMI, 2014
33 Liquefaction Hazards Energy Facilities Built on Hydraulic Fill 1905 expo Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
34 Pre-Disaster: Geohazards & Risk Identification Landslides Fault Liquefiable Soils Energy Facilities PORTLAND 2011 Japan Fire & Hazmat YWang,DOGAMI, 2014
35 Fuel Oil Terminals in Portland Many facilities built before seismic design codes & vulnerable June 2011, Yumei Wang, DOGAMI YWang,DOGAMI, 2014
36 1964 Alaska Earthquake timber piles ground displacement YWang,DOGAMI, 2014
37 Electrical Transmission Towers BPA estimates up to 25 Ft movement towards river. Mitigate in 2015 Portland Chile s Damage Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
38 ODOT Vulnerable Bridges YWang,DOGAMI, 2014
39 Highway Planning Activities ODOT Prioritization: Tier 1 Highway in Cascadia earthquake CDRM Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
40 1926 Burnside Bridge 2002 Phase 1 Seismic Retrofit: Life Safety But not Serviceable Phase I 1.Longitudinal restrainers at each abutment 2.Longitudinal restrainers at Piers 1 and 4 3.Strengthening approach span end diaphragm 4.Strengthen fixed span connection to pier wall Phase II 1.Strengthen approach span bracing 2.Approach span base isolation 3.Counterweight restrainer 4.Bascule pier collar beam 5.Bascule leaf strengthening 6.Post-tension Bascule Pier 7.Soil Densification at abutments 8.Restore bar through trunnion Jon Henrichsen, Multnomah County, Bridge Engineer 10/17/2014 Y. Wang
41 2010 Chile Magnitude 8.8 Overpass in Santiago (inland) Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
42 City of Portland Mitigation Examples Emergency Facilities All fire stations seismically upgraded New Emergency Coordination Center State of Oregon s Seismic Rehabilitation Grant Program Hospitals, Fire & Police Stations, & Emergency Op. Centers YWang,DOGAMI, 2014
43 Mitigation Examples Water Systems 50 MG Powell Butte Reservoir City of Portland PWB YWang,DOGAMI, 2014
44 Mitigated 15-Story PSU Residential Hall to Prevent Building Collapse Plus energy efficiency upgrades 2010 Chile apartment collapse Portland State University Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
45 Beams, Rebar, Steel & Concrete Walls Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014
46 Questions? Y Wang, DOGAMI, 2014 Oshiokuri Hato Tsusen no Zu (Fast Cargo Boat Battling The Waves)
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