Performance of Map Symbol and Label Design with Format and Display Resolution Options Through Scale for The National Map

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1 Performance of Map Symbol and Label Design with Format and Display Resolution Options Through Scale for The National Map Cynthia A. Brewer, Pennsylvania State University Chelsea L. Hanchett, Penn State -> ESRI Barbara P. Buttenfield, Univ. of Colorado-Boulder E. Lynn Usery, USGS/CEGIS Penn State Research Assistants: Chelsea Hanchett Stephen Butzler, Paulo Raposo, Andrew Stauffer, Halina Sundy

2 Multiscale topographic map design Draft design for mapping from The National Map data Suited to multiple resolutions Onscreen 91 ppi (desktop) 120 ppi (laptop) Print 400 ppi Suited to multiple formats PDF ArcMap Cached tile (web) Print Supports hydrographic generalization evaluation

3 Existing US paper topo design 100K 250K 24K older 24K 1998 No longer produced

4 Outline for talk Map Sample Overview ScaleMaster Design Through Scale Evaluating the Maps Other project talks at AutoCarto: Stanislawski and Wilmer talks, Wed 10am session Stroh, Thurs 8:30am session

5 Map Sample Overview

6 Missouri 24K map data from The National Map, all dynamic content ArcMap to PDF to screen capture

7 Missouri, 50K map with 50K LoD Missouri 50K map with 50K LoD hydro Visual evaluation of hydro in map context PDF export 3 1 2

8 ATL 24K ArcMap capture C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us AutoCarto, November 2010

9 CO 35K ArcMap capture

10 TX 50K ArcMap capture

11 UT 80K ArcMap capture

12 FL-GA 100K ArcMap capture

13 WV 100K ArcMap capture

14 ATL 250K ArcMap capture

15 UT 500K ArcMap capture WV 1M ArcMap capture

16 ScaleMaster Design Through Scale

17 ScaleMaster for multiscale topographic map ScaleMaster.org C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us AutoCarto, November 2010

18 ScaleMaster key to each change

19 ScaleMaster key to each change ScaleMaster.org

20 Categories of design change Content Add Features (C+) Eliminate Features (C-) Reclassify Features (Cc) Reorder Features (Co) Labeling Add Labels (L+) Eliminate Labels (L-) Adjust Appearance (La) Adjust Position (Lp) Geometry Aggregate (Gg) Collapse (Gc) Displace (Gd) Exaggerate (Gx) Merge (Gm) Simplify (Gs) Smooth (Go) GC replace with generalized dataset Symbol Adjust Color (Sc) Enhance (Se) Adjust Pattern (Sp) Rotate (So) Adjust Shape (Ss) Adjust Size (Sz) Adjust Transparency (St) Typify (Sf) Adapted from Roth et al. review; see ScaleMaster.org

21 Categories of design change Content Add Features (C+) Eliminate Features (C-) Reclassify Features (Cc) Reorder Features (Co) Labeling Add Labels (L+) Eliminate Labels (L-) Adjust Appearance (La) Adjust Position (Lp) Geometry Aggregate (Gg) Collapse (Gc) Displace (Gd) Exaggerate (Gx) Merge (Gm) Simplify (Gs) Smooth (Go) GC replace with generalized dataset (LoD) Symbol Adjust Color (Sc) Enhance (Se) Adjust Pattern (Sp) Rotate (So) Adjust Shape (Ss) Adjust Size (Sz) Adjust Transparency (St) Typify (Sf) Adapted from Roth et al. review; see ScaleMaster.org

22 Evaluating the Maps

23 Quality rating categories A - Label appearance and readability B - Label positioning and generalization C - Point symbol appearance D - Point generalization E - Line symbol appearance F - Line generalization G - Area symbol appearance H - Area generalization I - Terrain appearance J - Terrain generalization K - Vertical integration between layers L - Overall appearance of map (Goldilocks)

24 Quality rating categories E - Line symbol appearance Line appearance too similar to other line symbols Line too wide (or too narrow) Line form is jagged (due to rendering) Poor pattern choice (e.g., dash) Poor multilayer pattern combination (e.g., dash, centerline, line casing) Poor color(s) Interference from other features above or below line Poor symbol-level drawing (line should be above or below another feature type)

25 WV 1:24K C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us AutoCarto, November 2010

26 WV 1:50K C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us AutoCarto, November 2010

27 WV 1:100K C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us AutoCarto, November 2010

28 WV 1:250K C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us AutoCarto, November 2010

29 WV 1:500K C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us AutoCarto, November 2010

30 WV 1:1M C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us AutoCarto, November 2010

31 Example ratings aggregation

32 Experiment design 5-inch map patches examined: by 3 raters (2 so far) at 6 scales for 9 subbasins (8 so far) at 2 resolutions in 3 file formats (2 so far) 2 x 6 x 8 x 2 x 2 = 384 evaluated (Aug 2010) 3 x 6 x 9 x 2 x 3 = 972 combinations planned

33 Quality ratings preliminary results Comments on problems: # % A - Label appearance and readability B - Label positioning and generalization C - Point symbol appearance D - Point generalization 37 2 E - Line symbol appearance F - Line generalization G - Area symbol appearance H - Area generalization I - Terrain appearance 56 3 J - Terrain generalization 59 4 K - Vertical integration between layers L - Overall appearance of map 79 5 Total comments: 1636

34 Quality ratings preliminary results E - Line symbol appearance 18 = 11 Arc + 7 PDF A - Label appearance and readability 14 = 9 Arc + 5 PDF B - Label positioning and generalization 14 = 8 Arc + 6 PDF C - Point symbol appearance 10 F - Line generalization 9 G - Area symbol appearance 9 H - Area generalization 7 K - Vertical integration between layers 7 L - Overall appearance of map 5 J - Terrain generalization 4 I - Terrain appearance Overall, 1.4X more 3 D - Point generalization problems in ArcMap views than PDF 2

35 Format Makes a Difference MO 250K enlarged ArcMap 120 ppi PDF 120 ppi

36 Resolution Makes a Difference ArcMap 91 ppi MO 250K enlarged ArcMap 120 ppi PDF 120 ppi

37 Example comments: Line symbol appearance, area generalization E/CO/100: line too narrow (flowlines); interference from other features above or below line (flowline, reservation, roads) E/STL/24: line appearance too similar to other line symbols (state/county); poor colors (ramps); poor symbol-level drawing (roads, railroad) H/FL/500: areas too small to suit scale (waterbodies); too many area features (waterbodies); area shapes too complex (waterbodies) H/UT/500: Too many area features (reserve); Area shapes too complex (area hydro and incorp place); Areas too small to suit scale (NA reservation)

38 CO 1:100K C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us AutoCarto, November 2010

39 Example comments on Labels appearance/readability, positioning/generalization A/ATL/250: poor curve or angle to label (road, flowlines); multiline label needed (waterbody) A/STL/24: Different case would better suit feature (change to lower case)(ems); Too large (ctr); Poor styling (EMS spacing too wide) B/WV/100: interference from other features (roads, contours); poor curve or angle to label (roads) B/STL/50: Too many features of one type are labeled (schools); Difficult to understand location of named feature (EMS); Hierarchy of labels would better suit feature type (pop and incorp place)

40 STL 1:50K C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us AutoCarto, November 2010

41 What s Next Refine hydro LoD 50K~200K (e.g., braiding, centerlines, islands) Next hydro LoD, perhaps for 200K~800K range Generalize additional layers More categories of importance for pruning through scale (e.g., airports, populated places, local roads) Evaluate Preview of appearance for cached web display Continue evaluating design, adjust, re-evaluate Attend to vertical data integration

42 Gould Center Geography Penn State Summer 2010 Ha s birthday James Wilmer From left: Chelsea Hanchett Andy Stauffer Halina Sundy Cindy Brewer Steve Butzler

43 Acknowledgements USGS Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS), 2007 to present ScaleMaster funded by ESRI, Resources Project resources: ScaleMaster.org Lynn s USGS Center: cegis.usgs.gov Cindy s website: babs Meridian Lab: greenwich.colorado.edu Thanks: Larry Stanislawski Tom Hale USGS-CEGIS Charlie Frye ESRI

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