Geography AQA Revision List 2018 Paper 1- Tuesday 22 nd May

Transcription

1 Geography AQA Revision List 2018 Paper 1- Tuesday 22 nd May Please note you may be tested on different skills (e.g. map skills/ graphical skills in this exam, see paper 3 checklists for more detail on the different skills you could be tested on). Natural Hazards: Define a natural hazard Give examples of different natural hazards Suggest different factors which will affect hazard risk Tectonic Hazards: Describe the plate tectonic theory Describe the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes Explain the relationship of different plate margins to the global distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes Explain the processes involved in plate movement which leads to volcanoes and earthquakes: Destructive (Collision & subduction) Constructive Conservative Assess and compare the primary and secondary effects of an earthquake in two contrasting areas of the world (LIC = Nepal/ HIC = Japan) Assess and compare the immediate and long-term responses to an earthquake in two contrasting areas of the world (LIC = Nepal/ HIC = Japan) Explain why people choose to live in tectonically active areas (at risk of volcanoes/ earthquakes) Explain how countries are reducing the risk of tectonic hazards via monitoring, planning, predicting and preparing Weather Hazards:

2 Describe the Global Atmospheric Circulation System (the different pressure belts and surface winds) Explain how the Global Atmospheric Circulation System causes different climates (e.g. desert and tropical rainforest) Describe the distribution of tropical storms (where they are) Describe the relationship between tropical storms and the Global Atmospheric Circulation System Identify the key factors needed for a tropical storm to form Explain how a tropical storm is formed (in the correct sequence) Describe the structure and key features of a tropical storm Explain how climate change might affect the distribution, frequency and intensity of tropical storms Describe the primary and secondary effects of Typhoon Haiyan Describe the immediate and long-term responses of Typhoon Haiyan Explain how monitoring, prediction, planning and protection can help reduce the effects of tropical storms Identify the different types of weather hazards in the UK Describe the causes, effects (social, economic and environmental) and management strategies to reduce risk for the Somerset Level Floods Discuss evidence that weather is becoming more extreme in the UK Ecosystems: Define what an ecosystem is and know the key components of one Describe a small-scale UK ecosystem: New Forest Understanding of producers, consumers and decomposers, food chains/ webs and nutrient cycling within the New Forest Understand how they link together. Explain how changes to an ecosystem can have a knock on effects to the ecosystem Outline the distribution and characteristics of global ecosystems (biomes)

3 Tropical Rainforests: Describe and explain the physical characteristics of tropical rainforests: Climate Soils and vegetation Explain how the climate, soils, water, plants, animals and people interact with each other Describe how plants and animals have adapted to living in the TRF Explain the issues related to biodiversity in the TRF: Deforestation Animal extinction Explain the causes of deforestation in Malaysia (CASE STUDY) Logging Subsistence and commercial farming Road building Mineral extraction Energy development Population growth & settlement Explain the impacts (positive and negative) of deforestation in Malaysia (CASE STUDY) Economic development Soil erosion Contribution to climate change Explain the importance of the tropical rainforest to people and the environment Explain how TRF can be managed sustainably: Selective logging & replanting Conservation & education Ecotourism International agreements Debt reduction Hot Deserts: Describe and explain the global distribution of hot deserts Describe and explain the physical characteristics of hot deserts: Climate Soils and vegetation

4 Explain how the climate, soils, water, plants, animals and people interact with each other Explain the issues related to biodiversity in hot deserts: Desertification Assess the opportunities for developments in hot deserts: Thar Desert Mineral extraction Energy Farming Tourism Evaluate the challenges faced when developing in a hot desert: Thar Desert Extreme temperatures Water supply Inaccessibility Describe and explain the causes of desertification Climate Change Population growth Removal of fuel wood Over-grazing Over-cultivation Soil erosion Examine the strategies used to reduce the risk of desertification: Water and soil management Tree planting (Great Green Wall) Use of appropriate technology (Magic Stones) Physical Landscapes: Describe the location of the major upland/lowland and rivers in the UK. Read a cross section of contour lines on an OS map to describe the shape of the land Coastal Landscapes: Topics Red Amber Green Describe the characteristics of constructive and destructive waves Describe the different types of sub aerial processes: Weathering chemical and mechanical

5 Mass movement sliding, slumping and rock falls Describe the different types of erosion hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution Explain how different rock types and geological structure will influence a coastline Explain how features of erosion are formed, relating to the erosion processes: Headlands and bays Cliffs and wave-cut platforms Caves, arches and stacks Describe the transport process of longshore drift Explain how deposition and longshore drift create: Beaches Sand dunes Spits and bars Describe and explain the features of erosion and deposition on a UK coastline: Dorset Coastline (arch Durdle Door, headlands and bay Swanage/ Lulworth Cove, Wave-cut platform - Kimmeridge etc.) Study a coastal area using an OS map and pick out features using the key The advantages and disadvantages of hard engineering structures to protect the coastline: Sea Wall Groynes Rock Armour Gabions The advantages and disadvantages of soft engineering structures to protect the coastline: Beach nourishment & reprofiling Dune regeneration The advantages and disadvantages of managed retreat A coastal management scheme in the UK: Lyme Regis Why coastal management is needed there Management strategies in place The effects and conflicts of this management River Landscapes: Describe and explain how a river changes downstream: Long-profile of a river & valley Cross-section of a river & valley Describe and explain the different processes of erosion: hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution, vertical and lateral erosion

6 Describe and explain the different processes of transport: saltation, suspension, solution, traction Explain why rivers deposit sediment Describe and explain the formation of key erosional features: Interlocking spurs Waterfalls & gorges Describe and explain the formation of features from erosion and deposition: Meanders & ox-bow lakes Describe and explain the formation of features resulting from deposition: Levees & floodplains Estuaries Describe the features of erosion and deposition on a named UK river from source to mouth: River Tees Explain the human and physical causes of flooding: Precipitation Geology Relief Land use Describe the relationship between precipitation and discharge on hydrographs The advantages and disadvantages of hard engineering river management techniques: Dams and reservoirs Straightening Embankments Flood relief channels The advantages and disadvantages of soft engineering river management techniques: Flood warnings and preparation Floodplain zoning Planting trees and river restoration A flood management scheme in the UK: Banbury Why the scheme was required The management strategy The social, economic and environmental issues

7 Geography AQA Revision List 2018 Paper 2- Tuesday 5 th June Please note you may be tested on different skills (e.g. map skills/ graphical skills in this exam, see paper 3 checklists for more detail on the different skills you could be tested on). Challenges in the human environment: Urban Issues and challenges: Describe and explain the global pattern of urban change. Describe urban trends in different parts of the world comparing HICs and LICs. Describe and explain factors affecting the rate of urbanisation: Migration (push pull theory) Natural increase. Describe the emergence of megacities. Urban growth causes challenges and opportunities in cities (Rio de Janeiro CASE STUDY): Describe the location of Rio and explain the importance of the city: Regionally Nationally Internationally Describe and explain the causes of growth in Rio: Natural increase Migration Explain how urban growth has created opportunities in Rio: Social: access to services (health and education) access to resources (water supply, energy) Economic: how urban industrial areas can be a stimulus for economic development (e.g. creating jobs) Explain how urban growth has created challenges in Rio: Managing urban growth (slums, squatter settlements) Providing clean water, sanitation systems and energy

8 Providing access to services such as health and education Reducing unemployment and crime Managing environmental issues waste disposal, air and water pollution, traffic congestion. Using an example describe and explain how urban planning is improving the quality of life for the urban poor in Rio Favela Bairro Project Urban change in cities in the UK leads to a variety opportunities and challenges: Southampton (CASE STUDY) Describe the distribution of population and the major cities in the UK. Describe the location of Southampton and importance of the city in the UK and the wider world. Explain the impacts of national and international migration on the growth and character of the city (Southampton) Explain how urban change has created opportunities in Southampton: Social and economic: cultural mix, recreation and entertainment, employment, integrated transport systems Environmental: urban greening Describe and explain how urban change has created challenges in Southampton: Social and economic: urban deprivation, inequalities in housing, education, health and employment Environmental: dereliction, building on brownfield and greenfield sites, waste disposal The impact of urban sprawl on the rural urban fringe, and the growth of commuter settlements. Describe and explain an example of an urban regeneration project The reasons why the area needed regeneration The main features of the project. Watermark Westquay, Southampton Describe and explain the features of sustainable urban living of: Water and energy conservation Waste recycling Creating green space (e.g. Bedzed) Describe and explain how urban transport strategies are used to reduce traffic congestion.

9 The Changing Economic World: Explain that there are different ways of identifying parts of the world according to their level of economic development and quality of life Identify the different economic and social measures of measuring development: Gross national income (GNI) per head Birth and death rates Infant mortality Life expectancy People per doctor Literacy rates Access to safe water Human Development Index (HDI) Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the economic and social measures listed above Describe the link between the stages of the demographic transition model and levels of development Explain the causes of uneven development: physical, historical and economic Discuss the consequences of uneven development: disparities in wealth and health and international migration Outline the strategies used to reduce the development gap: Investment Industrial development and tourism Aid Using intermediate technology Fairtrade Debt relief Microfinance loan Explain how tourism in Jamaica (NEE) has helped to reduce the development gap A Case Study of a NEE to show how rapid economic development has led to significant social, environmental and cultural change: Nigeria - Describe the location of Nigeria - Explain the importance of the country regionally and globally - Discuss the wider social, political, environmental and cultural context within which the country is placed - Explain the changing industrial structure of the country and how there is now a balance between the different economic sectors

10 - Explain how the manufacturing industry can stimulate economic growth in Nigeria - Explain how Transnational Corporations can create industrial development in Nigeria - Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of transnational corporations in Nigeria - Describe the changing political and trading relationship with Nigeria and the wider world - Describe the types of aid Nigeria receives - Discuss the impacts(positive and negative) that aid has had on Nigeria - Explain the environmental impacts of economic development in Nigeria - Discuss the effects of economic development on the quality of life of the people of Nigeria. Major changes in the economy of the UK have affected, and will continue to affect, employment patterns and regional growth. Explain the causes of economic change in the UK: deindustrialisation and decline of traditional industrial base, globalisation and government policies Explain how the UK is moving into a post-industrial economy: development of information technology, service industries, finance, research, science and business parks Identify the impacts industry has on the physical environment Explain how Tor Quarry is becoming more environmentally sustainable Discuss the social and economic changes in the rural landscape (to one area which has population decline and in another area which has had population growth) Describe the improvements and new developments in road and rail infrastructure, port and airport capacity Describe the north-south divide and strategies used to reduce regional differences Describe the place of the UK in the wider world. Describe and explain the links through trade, culture, transport, and electronic communication and the economic and political links looking specifically at the European Union (EU) and Commonwealth. Resource Management: Explain the significance of food, water and energy to economic and social well-being.

11 Outline the global inequalities in the supply and consumption of resources (energy, food, water) An overview of resources in relation to the UK: Food Describe and explain the growing demand for high-value food exports from low income countries and all-year demand for seasonal food and organic produce Explain the reasons for larger carbon footprints due to the increasing number of food miles travelled, and moves towards local sourcing of food Describe and explain the trend towards agribusiness. An overview of resources in relation to the UK: Water Describe and explain the changing demand for water Describe and explain water quality and pollution management Describe areas of deficit and surplus and explain the matching areas of supply and demand Explain the need for water transfer to maintain supplies. An overview of resources in relation to the UK: Energy Describe and explain the changing energy mix (reliance on fossil fuels and growing significance of renewables) Describe and explain the reduced domestic supplies of coal, gas and oil Describe, explain and assess the economic and environmental issues associated with exploitation of energy sources. Food: Explain why the demand for food resources is rising globally but supply can be insecure, which may lead to conflict. Describe and explain areas of surplus (security) and deficit (insecurity) in the context of : Global patterns of calorie intake and food supply

12 The reasons for increasing food consumption: economic development, rising population The factors affecting food supply: Climate, technology, pests and disease, water stress, conflict, poverty. Describe and explain the impacts of food insecurity: Famine Undernutrition Soil erosion Rising prices Social unrest. Describe and explain the strategies used to increase food supply : Irrigation Aeroponics and hydroponics The new green revolution Use of biotechnology Appropriate technology Explain how a large scale agricultural development has both advantages and disadvantages Indus Basin Irrigation System (India & Pakistan) Explain how there is potential for sustainable food supplies: Organic farming Permaculture Urban farming initiatives Fish and meat from sustainable sources Seasonal food consumption Reduced waste and losses Explain how a local scheme in an LIC or NEE has increased sustainable supplies of food that use these strategies Makueni, Kenya Sand dams

13 Geography AQA Revision List 2018 Paper 3 - Monday 11 th June Fieldwork: What you need to know Red Amber Green The hypothesis of your enquiries (Southampton & Hengistbury Head) The factors that need to be considered when selecting a suitable hypothesis for your geographical enquiries The geographical theory/ concepts underpinning your enquiries The location of your fieldwork sites The potential risks during the fieldwork trips and how these can be reduced The difference between primary and secondary data How you collected your primary and secondary data on both trips (including locations for fieldwork) The different sampling methods and which one you used for your fieldwork trips How you recorded the data you collected on both trips Why you collected the primary and secondary data on the trips How you presented your data (visual/ graphical/cartographic) for both trips Why you presented your data that way Did your data presentation need to be adapted? What were the positives/ negatives of the presentation methods How you described, analysed and explained your results from both fieldworks

14 The links between the data sets (e.g. photos and environmental quality survey for the Southampton work) Use of appropriate statistical techniques e.g. mean The anomalies in the field work data (if any) The conclusion of your enquiries with backed up evidence in relation to the original aims The evaluation of your enquiries: - Problems with data collection methods - Limitations of data collected - Suggestions of other data that might be useful - Extent to which the conclusions were reliable Skills: Atlas maps: - Use and recognise longitude and latitude - Recognise and describe the distributions and patterns of human and physical features on maps at different scales - Identify and describe significant features of the physical and human landscape e.g. population distribution, population movement, transport networks etc. - Analyse the inter-relationship between physical and human factors on maps Ordnance Survey maps: - Use and interpret OS maps at a range of scales, including 1: and 1: Use and understand four and six-figure grid references - Use and understand scale, distance and direction - Measure straight and curved line distances using a variety of scales - Use and understand gradient, contour and spot height - Identify basic landscape features and describe their characteristics from map evidence - Identify major relief features on maps and relate cross-sectional drawings to relief features - Draw inferences about the physical and human landscape by interpretation of map evidence,

15 including patterns of relief, drainage, settlement, communication and land-use - Interpret cross sections and transects of physical and human landscapes - Describe the physical features as they are shown on large scale maps of the following landscapes coastlines & fluvial - Infer human activity from map evidence, including tourism. Maps in association with photographs: - Be able to compare maps - Sketch maps: draw, label, understand and interpret - Photographs: use and interpret ground, aerial and satellite photographs - Describe human and physical landscapes (landforms, natural vegetation, land-use and settlement) and geographical phenomena from photographs - Draw sketches from photographs - Label and annotate diagrams, maps, graphs, sketches and photographs. Graphical Skills: - select and construct appropriate graphs: line charts, bar charts, pie charts, pictograms, histograms with equal class intervals, divided bar, scattergraphs, and population pyramids - Suggest appropriate graphs for data provided - Complete a variety of graphs and maps choropleth, isoline, dot maps, desire lines, proportional symbols and flow lines - Use and understand gradient, contour and value on isoline maps - Plot information on graphs when axes and scales are provided - Interpret and extract information from different types of maps, graphs and charts, including population pyramids, choropleth maps, flow-line maps, dispersion graphs. Numerical skills: - Demonstrate an understanding of number, area and scales, and the quantitative relationships between units - design fieldwork data collection sheets and collect data with an understanding of accuracy, sample size and procedures, control groups and reliability - understand and correctly use proportion and ratio, magnitude and frequency - draw informed conclusions from numerical data. Statistical Skills:

16 - Use appropriate measures of central tendency, spread and cumulative frequency (median, mean, range, quartiles and inter-quartile range, mode and modal class) - Calculate percentage increase or decrease and understand the use of percentiles - Describe relationships in bivariate data: sketch trend lines through scatter plots, draw estimated lines of best fit, make predictions, interpolate and extrapolate trends - Be able to identify weaknesses in selective statistical presentation of data. Use of quantitative and qualitative data: - Use of qualitative and quantitative data from both primary and secondary sources to obtain, illustrate, communicate, interpret, analyse and evaluate geographical information. Formulate enquiry and argument: - Identify questions and sequences of enquiry - Write descriptively, analytically and critically - Communicate their ideas effectively - Develop an extended written argument - Draw well-evidenced and informed conclusions about geographical questions and issues.