Figure 1. Which part of the river is labelled in Figure 1? a) Mouth b) Source c) Lower course d) channel

Transcription

1 Rivers

2 1. Study Figure 1 showing the long profile of a river Figure 1 A Which part of the river is labelled in Figure 1? a) Mouth b) Source c) Lower course d) channel (1 mark) 2. Complete the sentences to describe how a river s long and cross profile change over it s course. Rivers begin in areas and flow downhill. Near the source, the cross profile shows that the valleys are shaped, with slopes. The gradient gets lower until it reaches the lower course where the valley is and flat. (4 marks) 3. For each of the landforms named below, write next to it whether the landform can be found in the; (6 marks) Upper course, middle course or lower course; a) Interlocking spur b) Meaders c) Waterfall d) Floodplain e) River cliff f) Slip off slope

3 4. Study Figure 2, showing interlocking spurs. Figure 2 Explain how interlocking spurs are formed. (4 marks) 5. Outline why rivers deposit sediment (2 marks)

4 6. Study Figure 3 showing a meander. Figure 3 A Label the following features on Figure 3; a) River cliff b) Slip off slope c) Deposition d) erosion (4 marks) 7. Explain why sediment is deposited at the point A labelled on Figure 3. (4 marks)

5 8. With reference to Figure 3, explain how meanders form (4 marks) 9. Suggest what do you think the is the main process is that causes an oxbow lake to form? Explain your choice. My choice of process is (6 marks)

6 10. Explain the formation of a levee in the lower course of a river. You may draw a diagram to help you. (4 marks) 11. Outline what an estuary is. (2 marks) 12. Describe the key physical features of an estuary (2 marks) 13. Describe the human features that may be found around an estuary (2 marks)

7 14. Study Figure 4 which shows two OS map extracts. Figure 4a Figure 4b Using Figure 4, identify which shows the upper course of a river and which shows an estuary. (2 marks ) Figure 4a) Figure 4b) 15. Describe how the sediment in the river channel would be different in Figure 4a and Figure 4b (2 marks) 16. For a named river valley you have studied, identify the location of the following; a) Its source b) It s mouth c) A waterfall d) A Meander (4 marks)

8 17. For a named river in the UK you have studied, give one example of a major feature of erosion (1 mark) 18. For a named river in the UK you have studied, describe how it changes from source to mouth. (6 marks) 19. For a named river you have studied in the UK, identify a major feature of erosion other than a waterfall and explain how it has formed (4 marks)

9 20. Compare the patterns of rainfall and discharge on the two hydrographs shown in Figure 1. (4 marks) 21. With reference to Figure 1, discuss the factors that can affect river discharge. (4 marks)

10 22. At what time was peak discharge for the River Seeton? (1 mark) 23. For the River Dorth, how long was the lag time? (1 mark) 24. Which river is most likely to flood? (1 mark) 25. Explain your answer to question 24. (4 marks) 26. For the River Seeton, choose two factors that could cause the pattern of discharge shown. (2 marks) a) Farmland b) Urbanised drainage basin c) Deforestation d) Flat, low lying land

11 27. How can the following factors contribute to flooding; (6 marks) a) Geology b) Relief c) Land use 28. Which two of the following are hard engineering strategies to manage flooding? (2 marks) a) Flood relief channel b) River restoration c) Flood plain zoning d) River channel straightening

12 29. Study Figure 5 showing engineering strategies on the River Joiner Figure Identify the hard engineering strategy that has been used to protect Moritt from river flooding in Figure 5. (1 mark) 31. Explain how this strategy works to reduce flooding. (4 marks) 32. Describe the strategy of Flood Plain Zoning that is being used at Portnoy in Figure 5. (2 marks) 33. With reference to Figure 5 and your own knowledge, assess the effectiveness of strategies used in Figure 5 to manage river flooding. (6 marks)

13 S&C 33. Study Figure 5 showing engineering strategies on the River Joiner Figure 5 With reference to Figure 5 and your own knowledge, assess the effectiveness of strategies used in Figure 5 to manage river flooding. (6 marks)

14 34. For an example of a flood management scheme you have studied in the UK, assess whether the benefits of the scheme outweigh the costs of the scheme (6 marks) Name of flood management scheme 35. Complete the table below to describe one costs and one benefit of the following flood management strategies; (6 marks) Flood management strategy Dam and reservoir Cost Benefit Flood warning and preparation Planting trees

15 36. Study Figure 6 which shows a flood warning. Figure 6 Outline two advantages of the flood warning strategy shown in Figure 6 (2 marks) Advantage 1 Advantage 2 (2 marks) 37. Explain how the strategy shown in Figure 6 helps to reduce the impacts of flooding. (4 marks)

16 38. For an example of a flood management scheme you have studied in the UK, assess the social, economic and environmental issues that the flood management scheme has caused. (6 marks) Name of flood management scheme 39. For an example of a flood management scheme you have studied in the UK, discuss the social, economic and environmental impacts caused by the flood management scheme. (6 marks) Name of flood management scheme