THEME 1: Landscape and Physical Processes

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1 What do I need to know for each topic? THEME 1: Landscape and Physical Processes Identify distinctive landscapes as being upland, lowland, coastal and river. Describe how landscapes can be managed e.g. Management of Visitors and Footpath Maintenance. Describe the four processes of erosion and 3 processes of weathering Give the meaning of each weathering term: physical, chemical, biological. Give the meaning of each erosion term: hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and solution. Describe the main features of each of the following river landforms: V shaped valley, waterfall, gorge, meander. Describe the main features of each of the following coastal landforms: Headlands/bays, cliffs, wave-cut platforms, arches, stacks, beaches, offshore bars and spits. Describe the process of longshore drift. Describe the main processes that shape the rate of river and coastal change Explain how distinctive landscapes are characterised by Geology, Land use, Vegetation and People and Culture. Explain the impact of human activity on physical landscapes e.g. Snowdonia National Park Use my understanding of geology to explain why some coastlines are at greater risk of landslides than others. Explain how flows and stores of water can be altered to make a river more likely to flood Understand how climate, vegetation, geology and urbanisation make a river more likely to flood. Study a photograph of a landscape (river or coastal) that I haven t seen before and identify landforms at different scales. Compare the rate of erosion of two different coastlines using evidence that has been presented to me (eg maps, photographs or frequency graphs). Weigh up (evaluate) the human and physical factors that can lead to rapid coastal erosion. Predict how and why building new coastal defences will affect the coastline both where the defences are built and on adjacent coastlines. Evaluate why some areas are more at risk of river flooding than others Evaluate the effectiveness of different hard and soft engineering techniques when managing rivers.

2 Confident THEME 2: Rural-Urban Links Describe the all pattern of rural and urban areas in the UK. Give the meaning of commuting. Give the meaning of counter-urbanisation. Give two examples of how technology is helping to change rural areas. Describe how rural places change when services, such as schools or shops, close. Describe how the UK s population is changing Understand what is meant by the term counter-urbanisation Understand the concepts of Greenfield and Brownfield sites Describe how is retail changing in the UK Describe the differences between global city and a world city Explain why some people move from cities to the countryside and vice versa/ Explain the concept of a cycle of deprivation and how it impacts rural areas Explain the social, economic and political factors that affect population change Explain the reasons for migration into and within the UK Choose two strategies that are used to encourage people back to CBD shopping and explain Explain why global cities are important Evaluate whether the challenge of achieving a sustainable community is as difficult on a Greenfield site (e.g. Oxford) and a Brownfield site (Ipswich) Evaluate whether HIC (Cardiff) or LIC (Mumbai) global cities experience more challenges THEME 3: Tectonic Hazards Where are the major and minor plate boundaries? Define convection, subduction and convergence To name and identify the 3 major plate boundaries To be able to draw the large-scale features found at plate boundaries (ocean trenches, rift valleys and fold mountains) To describe the two different types of volcanoes (strato and shield)

3 To explain the large scale processes that occur at plate margins (divergence, subduction and convection currents) To explain the concept of volcanic hostpots To explain the processes that lead to the different volcanic features (strato vs shield, cinder cones, lava tubes and geysers) Explain the impacts of earthquakes, tsunami and volcanic activity on health, infrastructure and the economy. Know some examples! Volcano (Mt Merapi), Earthquake (Italy or Nepal) and Tsunami (Japan/Solomon Islands) Evaluate the factors that make a place more or less vulnerable to tectonic hazards (i.e. magnitude, risk of lava/lahar/pyroclastic flow, social development and preparedness. Analyse the effectiveness of monitoring, hazard mapping, building technology and improved emergency planning in reducing the risk associated with hazards. THEME 5: Weather, Climate and Ecosystems Describe how the climate has changed since the last Ice Age Identify the key evidence that supports climate chang e(ice cores, tree rings etc.) Describe and draw the greenhouse effect Describe the differences between low and high pressure Describe the location of low pressure, high pressure and the different air cells (polar, Hadley and ferrel) Describe the factors that affect the UK s climate: latitude, altitude, aspect, ocean currents and air masses) Define urban micro climate Locate large-scale ecosystems Describe the key processes found in ecosystems: nutrient cycle, water cycle and food webs Label the structure of the savannah and the tropical rainforest ecosystems Describe three different ways that people use or change ecosystems. Draw and label a diagram of a sand dune Define renewable and non-renewable energy Define sustainability Know what wildlife corridors, national parks and the great green wall are and what they do.

4 Explain the natural (sun sports, milankovitch cycles and volcanic activity) and human causes of climate change Explain the cause and effects of low pressure hazards (cyclones and the monsoon) Explain the causes and effects if high pressure hazards (Drought in California) Explain why the UK gets variable weather (depressions, anticyclones and air masses) Explain why urban areas get different weather and climate to rural areas. Compare the structure and processes in two contrasting ecosystems (tropical rainforest and savannah grassland) Explain the differences between the savannah grassland and the tropical rainforest i.e. why is the ecosystem the way it is (latitude, pressure, nutrient cycles etc.) Explain the importance of sand dunes Explain how ecosystems can be used for energy (e.g. Wales, wind and tidal energy) Evaluate where low or high pressure systems are the most destructive. Evaluate the impacts of human activity on the rainforest and the savannah grassland Use evidence to argue how effective or sustainable managements strategies are in the tropical rainforest (wildlife corridors/buffer zones and national parks) or savannah (great green wall) Make recommendations, using evidence, about how a named ecosystem could be managed. THEME 6: Development and Resource Issues Define development, development gap, development continuum Describe 3 different ways you can measure development (GDP, GNI, PPP, Brandt Line) Define each of the trade terms: tariffs, subsidies and quotas Describe the positive and negative impacts of tourism on a development economy Give and locate an example of enclave tourism Describe and define the informal economy Define international trade Describe how international aid and money from the UN can help with uneven development Define the term water footprint, water security, water stress and water insecurity Describe how water consumption has changed the last years Describe the patterns of inequality in India and the UK

5 Define what is meant by positive and negative multipliers (can you draw one?) Explain why MNCs locate in multiple countries Explain the consequences of globalisation and how it has led to a growth in tourism Explain the consequences of tourism in Tanzania and India Explain why demands for water is changing Explain how different countries can manage water supply (e.g. rainwater harvesting in South Africa, Lesotho Highlands Water Project or examples give in revision book) Explain why the demand for water is higher in HICs than LICs Explain why the UK and India have regional inequality Explain what the UK and India can do to reduce regional inequality (invest in infrastructure, relocation of businesses etc..) Evaluate whether MNC investment brings more positives than negatives to HICs and LICs Evaluate whether you think tourism is good or bad for both HICs and LICs Evaluate the sustainability of different water management techniques. THEME 7: Social Development Define the term social development Identify the ways that we can measure social development (life expectancy, literacy, infant mortality rate, gender inequality index ) Define HDI, GII and continuum of social development Define birth rate, death rate and population pyramid can you construct a population pyramid too and describe the shape? Compare birth and death rates in India and Sub-Saharan Africa Define child labour Define migrants, asylum seekers and refugees What is the Schengen agreement? How does it impact on the movement of migrants? List the reasons for refugee movement and asylum seekers List the reasons for high infant mortality rates in sub-saharan Africa What are the challenges created by HIV and malaria?

6 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using HDI to measure development Explain why health and gender indicators can inform us as to how well developed a country is Explain the factors that lead to higher and lower birth and death rates Explain the challenges relating to primary education, child labour in Sub-Saharan Africa and India Explain, using examples, how India is responding to the challenges. How are international organisations like the UN or the ILO responding to them too? Explain how a country is dealing with the impact of refugees e.g. Lebanon How is Malawi responding to the challenges of HIV/AIDS? How is it being tackled? Explain how the UN can respond to the HIV/AIDS crisis Evaluate whether the ILO/UN are more or less effective at challenging issues to do with education/child labour than at a local scale in India Eradicating child labour is a key factor in the further development of countries in South Asia and sub-saharan Africa be able to justify this and evaluate it. Evaluate whether the gnment or international-based approached more effective at dealing with HIV/AIDS?