SUMO operations in harsh environments
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1 U N I V E R S I T Y O F B E R G E N Geophysical Institute SUMO operations in harsh environments Stephan T. Kral 1, Marius O. Jonassen 2,1, Joachim Reuder 1, Line Båserud 1 1 Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Norway 2 The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
2 The SUMO airframe Based on Multiplex FunJet EPP (Expanded Polypropylene): light strong good insulation easy to fix cheap ~700 g 0.80 m 0.75 m
3 The SUMO airframe Based on Multiplex FunJet EPP (Expanded Polypropylene): light strong well insulated easy to fix cheap Fuselage and wings reinforced with glass fiber Folding propellers better gliding performance safer landing ~700 g 0.80 m 0.75 m
4 SUMO flight performance Up to 1h flight time in Arctic conditions (11.1V 4.4Ah LiPo) Cruise speed ca. 15 m/s Maximum speed ca. 35 m/s
5 SUMO flight performance Up to 1h flight time in Arctic conditions (11.1V 4.4Ah LiPo) Cruise speed ca. 15 m/s Maximum speed ca. 35 m/s Good climbing and gliding capabilities: Quick ascend, ~7 10 m/s (full throttle) Moderate descend, ~2 3 m/s (zero throttle)
6 SUMO flight performance Up to 1h flight time in Arctic conditions (11.1V 4.4Ah LiPo) Cruise speed ca. 15 m/s Maximum speed ca. 35 m/s Good climbing and gliding capabilities: Quick ascend, ~7 10 m/s (full throttle) Moderate descend, ~2 3 m/s (zero throttle) Hand start and belly landing
7 The SUMO autopilot and RC components Paparazzi Autopilot (Umarim Lite v2) GPS (NEO-6M GPS Module) Modem (Xbee pro) RC receiver RC transmitter (Futaba 7C) Instructions on SUMO
8 The SUMO standard sensor package PT 1000 temperature (~ 1 s) SHT temperature and humidity sensor (~ 5 s) pressure sensor (integrated on the Umarim board) Infrared surface temperature sensor
9 The SUMO turbulence sensor package turbulent wind 5-hole probe (Aeroprobe) Additional data computer
10 The SUMO turbulence sensor package turbulent wind 5-hole probe (Aeroprobe) Additional data computer turbulent temperature fine wire (PT005108, 12.5μm, very fragile) developed by University of Tübingen
11 Operation Examples Profiles atmospheric sounding repeated for flux estimations in homogeneous conditions different locations for flux estimations caused by land-sea effects
12 Operation Examples Surveys surface temperature heterogeneities
13 Operation Examples Surveys surface temperature heterogeneities Turbulence legs direct flux measurements along straight path
14 SUMO flight campaigns Campaign Period Institute number of flights FLOHOF, Iceland GFI 30 Svalbard, Norway GFI 44 Coburg, Germany GFI 25 FLUXPAT III, Germany GFI 34 Svalbard, Norway GFI 85 MOSO, Iceland GFI 68 ABOA, Antarctica Summer FMI 15 Troll, Antarctica Summer Meteorologisk Institutt 5 BLLAST, France GFI 300 McMurdo, Antarctica Sep 2009 and 2012 University of Colorado 30 Weddell Sea, Antarctica Winter 2013 FMI 51 Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica Jan 2014 University of Colorado 41 ECN, Netherlands GFI 5 Svalbard, Norway Feb Mar 2014 UNIS 24 Svalbard, Norway Dec 2014 UNIS 13 Svalbard, Norway Aug Sep 2015 UNIS 8 Svalbard, Norway Feb 2016 UNIS 18 ca 800 flights
15 Experiences High humidity sensor failure SHT temperature drops significantly for RH > 90% PT1000 temperature is less affected
16 Experiences Icing ascent rate decreases as the icing increases control remained functioning No icing Icing
17 Heating of equipment Thermo/camping box (12V, DC) RC (Between flights and during BLOS) Aircraft batteries (LiPo) Pilot gloves GCS laptop (between flights) RC protection RPAS base Heated box
18 Incidents Iceland 2007 (bad flight plan design) Coburg 2008 (IR stabilization problem) Svalbard 2009 (35 MHz Interference during manual flight) Svalbard 2014 (unfortunate hand start broken turbulence sensor) No serious injuries
19 Thanks for your attention
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