Experimental measurements and analysis of the indoor conditions in Italian museum storerooms: a study case

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1 Experimental measurements and analysis of the indoor conditions in Italian museum storerooms: a study case F. Cappelletti, P. Romagnoni and A. Birra University Iuav of Venezia, Italy

2 Aims and methods Analysis of the compatibility of indoor conditions of the storeroom of the museum of Oriental Art with the conservation of artworks stored according to Italian Technical Standard UNI1829: years monitoring of air temperature and air humidity Elaboration of logged data and evaluation of the quality of the conservation conditions Dynamic simulation and potential improvements 2

3 The location The museum storeroom About 4 m2 of floor and 2 m3 of volume Ca Pesaro palace 3

4 The Museum of Oriental Art: peculiarities Variability of the materials of stored objects: metals, tissues, wood, paper, laquers, parchments No heating nor cooling system High humidity in outdoor climate both in winter and in summer 4

5 The monitoring Data Loggers Range Temperature -1 C - 6 C Relative humidity - 95% (-2 C - 85 C) Accuracy ±.3 C ± 3% ( C - 7 C) Response 1 s 1 s time P2 P4 P3 P5 P6 Museo d'arte Orientale - Ca' Pesaro Venezia 5

6 Parameters for the evaluation of the suitability of the microclimate for conservation Monthly statistical distribution of air temperature and RH hourly values Daily gradient of air temperature and RH Italian technical standa ard UNI 1829:1999 Hourly and 2 hourly gradients of air temperature and RH Frequency distribution of air parameters inside the suitable ranges for different materials Deviation Index (DI) 6

7 Temperature [ C] Tissues Lacquers Wood C Indoor microclimate analysis: AIR TEMPERATURE Air temperature P3 5 Jan-3 Feb-3 Mar-3 Apr-3 May-3 Jun-3 Jul-3 Aug-3 Sep-3 Oct-3 Nov-3 Dec-3 Jan-4 Feb-4 Mar-4 Apr-4 May-4 Jun-4 Jul-4 Aug-4 Sep-4 Oct-4 Nov-4 Dec-4 Jan-5 Feb-5 Mar-5 May-5 May-5 Jun-5 Jul-5 Aug-5 Sep-5 Oct-5 Nov-5 Dec-5 Paper C Parchments C Metals no limits Time [months] 7

8 Indoor microclimate: AIR HUMIDITY Air Humidity P Relative Humidity [%] Lacquers Parchments 5-6% Jan-3 Feb-3 Mar-3 Apr-3 May-3 Jun-3 Jul-3 Aug-3 Sep-3 Oct-3 Nov-3 Dec-3 Jan-4 Feb-4 Mar-4 Apr-4 May-4 Jun-4 Jul-4 Aug-4 Sep-4 Oct-4 Nov-4 Dec-4 Jan-5 Feb-5 Mar-5 May-5 May-5 Jun-5 Jul-5 Aug-5 Sep-5 Oct-5 Nov-5 Dec-5 Wood 45-6 % Paper 4-55 % Tissues 3-5% Metals <5% Time [months] 8

9 Daily gradients P3 t max [ C] Parchments - Paper 1.5 Drawings 1.5 Tissues 1.5 Lacquers 1.5 Wood 1.5 Metals - Gradient of Temperature [ C] RH max [%] Parchments 6 Paper 6 Drawings 2 Tissues 5 Lacquers 4 Wood 4 Metals - Gradient of Humidity [%]

10 Dynamic simulation with TRNSYS 17 Thermal zones: storeroom offices museum Envelope thermal transmittance: Floor Boundary Temperature: temperature profile Infiltration rate:.3 ACH Occupation time and internal gains: not included Climatic data file: real data for W/(m 2 K) for walls 1.3 W/(m 2 K) for roof and floor 5.7 and 3.26 W/(m 2 K) for glazing and frame 1

11 Comparison between real data and simulation output July Temperaure [ C] Time [days] Measured Data Simulation External Temperature 11

12 Relative Humid dity [%] Comparison between real data and simulation output July Time [days] Measured Data Simulation External RH 12

13 Comparison of the temperature monthly gradient Max ximum temperature Minimum temperature C Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Tmax T*max Tmin T*min * Simulated values 13

14 Microclimate improving measures Intervention #1: roof insulation with 14 cm of rockwool substitution of windows reduction of the infiltration rate from.3 to.1 h -1 Intervention #2: as intervention #1 control of the air temperature and humidity with a system: C (16-28 C) ; 55% Intervention #3: as intervention #2 use of summer ventilation (.5 ACH from April to September) when the outside temperature is between 24 and 26 C 14

15 Evaluation of intervention efficacy Temperature - July 23 Time [h] < >31 Temperature [ C] Measured Data Simulation Intervention#1 Intervention#2 15

16 Evaluation of intervention efficacy Temperature - July 23 Time [h] < >31 Temperature [ C] Measured Data Simulation Intervention#1 Intervention#2 16

17 Evaluation of intervention efficacy Temperature - July 23 Time [h] < >31 Temperature [ C] Measured Data Simulation Intervention#1 Intervention#2 17

18 Evaluation of intervention efficacy Relative Humidity - July conservation band 5 Time [h] < >6 Relative Humidity [%] Measured Data Simulation Intervention#1 Intervention#2 18

19 Evaluation of intervention efficacy Relative Humidity - July conservation band 5 Time [h] < >6 Relative Humidity [%] Measured Data Simulation Intervention#1 Intervention#2 19

20 Evaluation of intervention efficacy Relative Humidity - July conservation band 5 Time [h] < >6 Relative Humidity [%] Measured Data Simulation Intervention#1 Intervention#2 2

21 Comparison of interventions #2 and #3 Heating needs [kwh] Cooling needs [kwh] Energy need for de-humidification [kwh] Intervention# Intervention# % + 85 % 21

22 Conclusions Microclimate analysis Simulation Intervention The microclimate inside the storeroom doesn t fit the conservation needs for the main part of the year. Otherwise the daily gradients of temperature and humidity are quite in compliance with the Italian Standard suggestions. Necessity to model the buffer characteristics of materials. The improvement of the envelope thermal resistance doesn t prevent the extreme values of air temperature. An heating and cooling system should be a solution even if the variability of the objects stored in the storeroom requires an accurate evaluation of temperature and humidity set-points. 22

23 THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION! Francesca Cappelletti PhD Department of Design and Planning in Complex Environments University Iuav of Venezia, Italy

24 Monthly Deviation Index (DI) for air temperature Percentage of time outside the standard range (P3, year 23) worst 1 Paper Lacquers, tissues, wood Parchments 8 % best Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 24

25 Monthly Deviation Index (DI) for air humidity Percentage of time OUTSIDE the required range (P3, year 23) % Paper Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Wood Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Lacquers, parchments Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 25

26 Space distribution of temperature and humidity Maximum standard deviation of the hourly values logged by the different probes every month < 2 C 3-9% perature [ C] Temp [ Relative Humidity [%] Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec P2 P4 P3 P5 P6 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

GAMINGRE 8/1/ of 7

GAMINGRE 8/1/ of 7 FYE 09/30/92 JULY 92 0.00 254,550.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 254,550.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 254,550.00 AUG 10,616,710.31 5,299.95 845,656.83 84,565.68 61,084.86 23,480.82 339,734.73 135,893.89 67,946.95

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