The Concordiasi Project
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1 The Concordiasi Project WWRP, THORPEX, WCRP POLAR PREDICTION WORKSHOP Oslo, 6-8 October 2010 by Florence Rabier, Concordiasi project leader and Eric Brun CNRM/GAME : Météo-France and CNRS 1 Part of THORPEX-IPY Cluster
2 Concordiasi main objectives A better use of satellite data, including IASI on board MetOp for analyses, forecasts and reanalyses over polar regions Improving our understanding of the interactions between ozone depletion, stratospheric clouds and dynamics A contribution to the design of a cost-effective long-term monitoring system of the Antarctic atmosphere 2
3 Concordiasi: the international team Participating Institutes: CNES, CNRS (LMD, LGGE, LA), Météo-France NSF, Purdue University, NCAR, University of Colorado, University of Wyoming Alfred Wegener Institute, UK Met Office Polar institutes: IPEV, PNRA, USAP, BAS ECMWF, BSRN Collaborating institutes: NWP centres (Australia ), NASA/GMAO, UCLA,. Overview of Concordiasi: The Concordiasi project in Antarctica Rabier et al, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, January Website 3
4 Experimental design Surface-based o extra radiosoundings at Concordia (Dome C), Dumont d Urville and Rothera o 45-m instrumented tower, snowfall and accumulation observations, BSRN data and HAMSTRAD radiometer at Concordia o Ozonesondes over some Antarctica polar stations Stratospheric superpressure balloons with meteorological sensors, ozone sensors, particle counters, GPS receivers, driftsondes carrying dropsondes Modelling: global and fine-scale models, chemical-transport models... and satellites! 4
5 5 The Concordiasi Project
6 Enhanced assimilation of satellite data Bouchard et al, MWR, May Improvement of the assimilation of satellite observations in Météo-France global meteorological model ARPEGE Assimilation experiment over sea-ice and land with more satellite data infrared & microwave Black : without additional data Color : additional IR data 6 Additional data (IR and MW) Comparison (RMS) to Radiosoundings for area : 65 S South Pole Number of obs between 300 and 900
7 Predictability studies, effects on lower latitudes Improving assimilation over polar areas can also improve forecasts at lower latitudes Assimilation experiment with more satellite data over sea-ice and Antarctica: Obs model for a period of 20 days during austral winter 2007 Obs : AIREP (airborne data) between 20 S and 50 S Bouchard et al, MWR, May
8 Data at Concordia An exceptional location to validate satellite data assimilation Time Period : from the 15 September 2008 to 30 November 2008 and 19 November 2009 to 13 December 2009 Observations: 2008 : Radiosounding at DomeC (75 S ; 123 E) in order to have 2 observations per day, at 0UTC and 12UTC. Complementary launch at the same time of IASI overpass : As Surface measurements (vertical profile of the snow temperature and BSRN data) at the time of the sounding. Meteorological conditions : around 60% clear sky First outcome: models too warm at surface 8
9 Model improvement Statistics at Concordia and diagnostic of model performance: model too warm at Surface (C.Genthon, LGGE) Lead to an improvement at ECMWF Change in albedo over permanent snow effective in Decreased warm bias (G. Balsamo, ECMWF) before after difference 9
10 Work on snow modelling at Meteo-France Impact on IASI simulation over Antarctica Histogram O-B for IASI surface channel 921 Cloudy channel diagnostic In red, before snow modelling changes (albedo, roughness, thermal properties) In blue and green, after changes: more data can be assimilated! 10 E. Brun, E. Bazile, V. Guidard
11 Current step: launching stratospheric balloons from Mc Murdo Launch site: Flattened area, 2 Jamesways with power, and some heating 11
12 Balloon system characteristics 18 superpressure balloons from CNES All with meteorological sensors at gondola level (temperature, pressure) 12 with driftsondes from NCAR (50 dropsondes in each) 6 with innovative instruments: ozone sensors, particle counters, GPS receivers Accurate wind speed forecast is a critical issue for balloons launchings! 12
13 Launch preparation from McMurdo 13 CNES Courtesy
14 Lagrangian structures of the flow and data assimilation Trajectories will be used to better understand the control exerted by the vortex on the motion of air parcels (R. Mechoso, UCLA) Use of the Concordiasi flight-level observations directly in the assimilation (A. Tangborn, GMAO) Current past and forecasted trajectory of PSC16 balloon from September 11 to October 6 14
15 Most of the sondes are dropped when coinciding MetOp overpasses (calibration of IASI retrievals, validation of AVHRR winds..) Dropsondes to calibrate the assimilation and for predictability studies Part of the dropsondes are deployed in sensitive areas A unique test-bed for targeting in polar regions Localized singular vectors are computed at ECMWF (Alex Doerenbecher) Computed October the 3 rd for droppings the 4 th 15
16 Original targetting tools to optimize the launching of the dropsondes (A. Doerenbecher, Météo-France) local time 16 Scheduled possible launches from 28 September 2010
17 Successful dropsondes on September the 28th. O : dropsondes O: radiosoundings 17
18 Real-time assimilation of balloons observations and dropsondes (ECMWF) 18
19 Ozone depletion, polar stratospheric clouds and stratospheric dynamics Interannual variability of ozone depletion depends on the activity of stratospheric waves and the presence of polar stratospheric clouds Documentation of ozone loss along trajectories with meteorological (P, T, Wind), chemical (Ozone) and microphysical observations. (A. Hertzog, T. Desher, L. Avallone) Validation of Chemical-Transport model and Stratospheric ozone assimilation. (L. El Amraoui) 19
20 20 Particle counter (T. Deshler, U. Wyoming)
21 Ozone depletion (L. Avallone, U. Colorado) Lagrangian real-time observations 21 Unique records of O3 loss rates
22 Ozone depletion (A. Hertzog, LMD) Lagrangian real-time observations Colors: date since the launching of Balloon PSC16 Concordiasi already got a unique lagrangian record of a total ozone depletion 22
23 GPS radio-occultation onboard one balloon (from J. Haase, Purdue University) GPS radio occultation is used to obtain high-resolution atmospheric profiles of refractivity Radio signals pass through the atmosphere from GPS satellite to GPS receiver As it travels, the signal encounters atmospheric layers of varying density The density changes cause the signal to refract and delay slightly A doppler shift is associated with the overall delay seen in the signal and can be converted into an atmospheric refractivity value at a geometrically determined tangent point to the Earth GPS Satellite TOA r(tan) GPS Receiver 23
24 Use of the detailed multi-layer snow model Crocus to study snow-atmosphere interactions over the Plateau Snow /rain precipitation turbulent fluxes (sensible and latent heat) Radiative balance (short and long-wave) wind compaction Liquid Water content Density Temperature Snow grains 24 Ground thermal flux Water run-off
25 Dome C: a very convenient site to study snow-atmosphere interactions 25 BSRN radiation station (ISAC-CNR)
26 26
27 Good performance of detailed snow models in off-line mode... Input data from BSRN (ISAC-CNR) and LGGE Offline simulation with Crocus snow model Surface Temperature : Observation from emitted LW 2010 January 20th. to 31st 27
28 28 Reasonable simulation of snow surface temperature: fully coupled AROME/Crocus, 10-day simulation
29 ... and realistic simulation of internal snow temperature in coupled mode AROME/Crocus -23 cm -33 cm -63 cm -103 cm Snow temperature observation by Laurent Arnaud (LGGE) 29
30 Outlook Concordiasi 2008 and 2009 field campaigns: data have started to be used in studies over the Antarctic Plateau improved assimilation of IASI and other sounders over snow and ice improved snow scheme at ECMWF and Météo-France 30 Ongoing balloon campaign is already very successful: In September-November: dropsondes (already 87 ) - 18 balloons providing «AIREP-like» continuous data (already 11) - already a unique record of lagrangian ozone depletion - additional radiosoundings at Concordia, Dumont d Urville and Rothera A unique data set : - to calibrate/validate the assimilation of satellite data (sounders, polar winds ), - to diagnose gravity-wave activity - to better understand ozone depletion and quantify loss rates - to assess the potential of targeting in polar regions - to study the extreme boundary-layer and snow-atmosphere interactions
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