Exam Review Package #2

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1 Exam Review Sustainable Ecosystems: ENERGY FLOW in ECOSYSTEMS Exam Review Package #2 1. The Sun supplies all the Earth s energy in the form of energy. Approximately % of this energy is absorbed by the hydrosphere and the lithosphere and converted into thermal energy. 2. Write the word equation for photosynthesis in the space below. 3. All organisms require food for their energy, whether they make the food or eat the food. Food has stored energy that is released to the cell in the process of. 4. Write the word equation for cellular respiration in the space below. 5. are organisms that cannot make their own food and must eat other living things in order to survive. 6. We can organize consumers into categories according to what they eat. a) eat plants or other producers b) eat other animals c) eat both plants and animals d) eat remains of other organisms PYRAMID ANALYSIS Pyramid analysis allows us to study the flow of energy in a food chain/web using actual numbers. This allows us to predict the effects of different scenarios on ecosystems. Pyramid of numbers 1 hawk 20 snakes 400 mice insects blades of grass

2 Exam Review 1. In the box below, develop a labeled biomass pyramid from the numbers pyramid shown above. Biomass Pyramid mass of one hawk: 2500 g mass of one snake: 130 g mass of one mouse: 50 g mass of one insect: 0.5 g mass of one blade of grass: 0.2 g 2. How much food in mass is available for the hawk to consume if it only eats snakes? Show your calculations. 3. How much food in mass is available for the hawk to consume if it eats snakes AND mice? Show your calculations. 4. How much energy was used by the organism for its daily activity? 5. How much is passed on to the next tropic level? 6. Suggest why hawks are solitary animals. CYCLING of MATTER The matter that is part of every living thing has been cannot be created nor destroyed but must come from somewhere. In order to continue to supply the matter required, ecosystems must cycle this matter through the living and non-living components. These processes are called biogeochemical cycles.

3 Exam Review 1. Draw a labeled diagrams for the carbon cycle. 2. Put each term in the box in the correct space of the Venn diagram. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration produces CO 2 consumes CO 2 belong to Carbon cycle produces energy consumes energy produces glucose consumes glucose produces O 2 consumes O 2 requires light involed in metabolism plants only all living things BIOTIC and ABIOTIC INFLUENCES on the ECOSYSTEM 1. The Carrying capacity of an ecosystem is? 2. What is tolerance range? How can this be explained using a diagram?

4 Exam Review Chemistry: 1a. What is matter? b. What are the 3 states of matter? 2a. What is a physical change? b. What are the 3 clues that a physical change has taken place? 3a. What is a chemical change? b. What are the 5 clues that a chemical change has taken place? 4. Decide whether the descriptions below are examples of a physical change (P) or chemical change (C). ice melting baking a cake cutting carrots a fire burning a firecracker exploding breaking glass a car rusting mixing salt and pepper 5. a) Describe the meaning of the following physical properties and provide an example of each: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES PROPERTY MEANING EXAMPLE Hardness Malleability Solubility Ductility Melting/Boiling Point Conductivity b. Complete the table below of the chemical properties: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES PROPERTY MEANING EXAMPLE Combustibility Reaction with Acid Corrosion 6 a. Match the term on the left with the description on the right. Pure Substance Compound Homogeneous Mixture Matter Heterogeneous Element a. can only see 1 phase b. the same properties and composition throughout c. anything that has mass and takes up space d. particle with 1 type of atom e. can see 2 or more phases f. 2 or more elements put together g. different properties and composition throughout

5 Exam Review 6 b. Use the words below to fill in the Classification of Matter table. element, matter, heterogeneous, homogeneous, compound, pure substance, Mixture 7. Complete the following classification of matter table. Type of Matter Element CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER Explain what this is Heterogeneous or Homogeneous? or N/A Example Compound Solution Mechanical Mixture 8. Using the terms given below, complete the following sentences related to gas tests. burst into flame turn cloudy hydrogen pink pop carbon dioxide glowing a) When testing for gas, a flaming splint will. b) When testing for oxygen gas, a splint will. c) When testing for gas, limewater will. 9. Write the symbol for the following elements: carbon potassium nitrogen calcium boron helium sodium beryllium

6 Exam Review 10. Write the name of the element for the following symbols: Li K Al S Ne Si H O

7 11. Draw Bohr diagrams for the following elements. Nitrogen Sodium Chlorine 12. Draw Bohr diagrams for the most likely ions that these elements will form. Lithium Fluorine Aluminum 13. Complete the following chart. Standard Atomic Notation Atomic Number Mass Number # protons # electrons # neutrons 94Be

8 14 a. Protons have a charge. b. Electrons have a charge. c. Neutrons have a charge of. For the following question, describe the location of the 3 subatomic particles within an atom. 15a. Protons are found b. Electrons are found c. Neutrons are found 16. Complete the following charts on counting atoms. a) Na 2 CrO 4 b) 2(K 2 S) c) 4Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Element # of Atoms Element # of Atoms Element # of Atoms Questions 17 and 18 refer to the Periodic Table of Elements. 17a. Vertical columns are called b. Horizontal rows are called c. Metals are found on the side d. Non-metals are found on the side e. Elements which are metalloids are e. Transition metals are found in groups

9 18 a. Elements found in group 1 (IA) are called b. Elements found in group 2 (IIA) are called c. Elements found in group 17 are called d. Elements found in group 18 are called 19. A piece of lead is placed in a graduated cylinder that initially reads 10.0 ml. After a piece of lead is added to the graduated cylinder, it has a new reading of 45.6 ml. What is the mass of the lead? (density of lead = 11.3 g/cm 3 ) Electricity: 1. a. What is the charge of a protons? b. What is the charge of an electron? c. What is the charge of a neutron? 2. a. What is static electricity? b. What is current electricity? 3. Complete the following table. Definition Type of Electricity (Static or Current) Examples INSULATOR CONDUCTOR

10 4. List the 3 parts of the Law of Electric Charges. i. ii. iii. 5. Complete the following table. Object A Object B Attract or Repel positive positive neutral positive negative neutral positive negative negative negative 6. Use the table of the electrostatic series to draw a diagram and explain what happens when the following objects are rubbed together a. Glass rubbed with plastic Before rubbing b. Calcium rubbed with platinum Before rubbing After rubbing After rubbing Electrostatic Series WEAK Acetate Glass Fur, Hair Calcium Silk Aluminum Cotton Wax Ebonite Plastic Rubber Carbon Sulfur Platinum Gold STRONG c. If acetate has a weak hold on electrons it will (lose/gain) electrons when rubbed with rubber, which has a strong hold on electrons.

11 7. Complete the following table of circuit diagrams. TERM DEFINITION SYMBOL Cell/Battery/Power Supply Conductor/Wire Path that carries electric current Load/Resistor Resists flow of electrons Switch Light Bulb Device within a circuit Ammeter 8. a. In an electric circuit, where do electrons leave from and return to? b. In an electric circuit, what do electrons move through? 9. a. If the switch in a circuit is open, what does it mean? b. If the switch in a circuit is closed, what does it mean? 10. a. What is a series circuit? b. What is a parallel circuit?

12 11. a. Sketch a circuit that has: 28V battery two light bulbs wired in series that are parallel to a third bulb an open switch controlling the entire circuit arrows showing electron flow b) Sketch a circuit that has 9V power supply two light bulbs wired in series, in parallel with the third bulb a fourth bulb placed in such a way that if it is unscrewed nothing in the circuit works an open switch controlling the entire circuit a second open switch controlling each of the parallel branches only

13 12. Complete the following table. VARIABLE Charge Current Potential Difference/Voltage Resistance MATHEMATICAL SYMBOL UNIT 13. a. What does an ammeter measure? b. What does a voltmeter measure? 14. What is the formula for Ohm s Law? 15. A heater has a resistance of 8.0Ω when it is plugged into a 110V outlet. What is the current? 16. Identify the following circuits as series or parallel.

14 17. Complete the following Formula Table. COMPONENT SERIES CIRCUIT FORMULA PARALLEL CIRCUIT FORMULA Current (I) Potential Difference (V) Resistance (R) 18. Solve for each of the following circuits using Ohm s Law and the formulae for series and parallel circuits:

15 19. a) Solve for equivalent (total) resistance (R eq ) when a 4Ω bulb and 6Ω bulb are connect in Series: a) In a Parallel circuit, you have a V s of 6V and I s of 14A.

16 21. Mr. Spacie conducted an electricity experiment involving Ohm s Law. During the experiment, he measured both the potential difference (V) and noted the current (I). In the table below are Mr. Spacie s experimental results. a) Plot the information on the graph below b) Draw the line of best fit c) Find the resistance by using the slope of your line of best fit. d) What is the voltage when current is 0.18A? e) What is the current when voltage is 6.0V? Current (A) Voltage (V) REMEMBER TO TITLE YOUR GRAPH AND AXES!!!

17 Astronomy: 1. Put each term in the box in the correct space of the Venn diagram. turning around axis one object orbiting another an object is turning takes Earth 24 h takes Earth one year 2. Label the diagram using the terms in the box. Sun December June rotation revolution 3. Circle the best answer to complete the sentence. In the northern hemisphere, summer is warmer than winter because. A. Earth s northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun in summer and away from it in winter. B. Earth s northern hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun in summer and toward it in winter. C. Earth is closer to the Sun in summer than in winter. D. Earth turns upside down in the winter.

18 4. In the winter, sun light rays are more: (direct, indirect). In the summer, sun light rays are more: (direct, indirect). Seasons do occur at the equator but they re not as noticeable as at higher latitudes 5. The longest daylight period in the northern hemisphere is on. 6. The longest daylight period in the southern hemisphere is on. 7. In the northern hemisphere on: June 21st we will receive more hours of daylight or darkness?. March 21st daylight = hours and darkness = hours. December 21st we will receive more or less hours of daylight?. September 21st, more, less or the same # of hours of daylight & darkness?. 8. On certain dates, all places on Earth experience equal hours of day and night. When do we experience this? Explain why. 9. In the winter how is the Earth tilted relative to the Sun in the (a) northern hemisphere and the (b) southern hemisphere?

19 10. What causes seasons? 11. Describe the formation of planets and stars? 12. List the planets in order of increasing distance from the Sun. 13. What is a Jovian Planet and where are they located in relation to terrestrial planets? 14. Using the diagram below, identify which elements are present in the Mystery Star:

20 15. Name the phase that the moon is in during the specified days: Day 0: Day 1-7: Day 8: Day 9-15: Day 16: Day 17-22: Day 23: Day 24-29: 16. Explain both the Geocentric and the Heliocentric models of the solar system. Be sure to include who originated each theory and important aspects of each. 17. What is the difference between redshift and blueshift? 18. Explain 2 pieces of evidence that prove that the earth is a sphere.