Review. 8th grade science STAAR. Name Class. Underline your strong TEKS and circle your weak TEKS: 8.5A Atoms. 7.5C Energy Flow Through Ecosystems
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1 8th grade science STAAR Review Name Class Underline your strong TEKS and circle your weak TEKS: 8.5A Atoms 7.5C Energy Flow Through Ecosystems 8.5B Reactivity 8.5C Periodic Table 8.5D Chemical Formulas 8.5E Chemical Reactions 8.5F Balanced Equations 7.6A Organic Compounds 7.6B Physical/Chemical Changes in Digestion 6.5C Elements vs. Compounds 6.6A Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids 6.6B Density 2014 Science Teaching Junkie, Inc. 1
2 Reporting Category 1: Matter and Energy Atoms 8.5A Fill in the missing information to summarize what you know about atomic structure. Name of Subatomic Location within the Atom Electrical Charge Relative inside the nucleus 1 amu neutral electron Bohr Model Draw an atom that has five protons, six neutrons, and five electrons. Complete the color key to identify the three major subatomic particles, then answer the 2 questions that follow. COLOR KEY Protons Neutrons Electrons What is the mass of the atom in this model? What is the electrical charge of the atom in this model? What subatomic particle determines the identity of an element? The diagram below shows models of four different atoms. Use the models to answer the following questions: A B C D Which atom has the greatest mass? Which atom(s) have a neutral electrical charge? Which atom(s) have a positive electrical charge? Which atom(s) have a negative electrical charge? 2014 Science Teaching Junkie, Inc. 2
3 Reactivity 8.5B Fill in the table below to identify the number of valence electrons for each group/family on the periodic table. Group/Family Number No. of Valence Electrons Which atom below is the most reactive? Explain why. Which atom below is inert or nonreactive? Explain why. P: 11 N: 12 P: 18 N: 22 P: 15 N: 16 Atom A Atom B Atom C Of the elements N, O, Cl, Na, and S, which two would likely have similar chemical properties? Why? Periodic Table 8.5C & 6.6A The atomic number is equal to the number of. The atomic mass number is equal to the plus the. The horizontal (lefttoright) rows of elements on the periodic table are called, which indicate the number of (shells) in an atom of those elements. There are (#) of these rows on the periodic table. The vertical columns (upanddown) of the periodic table are called or. There are (#) of these columns on the periodic table. All of the elements in each column have similar properties because they each have the same number of Science Teaching Junkie, Inc. 3
4 Circle the correct description in each row below to identify the properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Metals Location on Periodic Table: left of zigzag line / along zigzag line / right of zigzag line Luster: shiny / dull / varies (some are shiny, some are dull) Conductivity: good conductors of heat and electricity/ poor conductors / varies Malleability: able to be hammered into thin sheets / brittle / varies Most reactive metal group on periodic table is found in: Group 1 / Group 17 / Group 18 NonMetals Location on Periodic Table: left of zigzag line / along zigzag line / right of zigzag line Luster: shiny / dull / varies (some are shiny, some are dull) Conductivity: good conductors of heat and electricity/ poor conductors / varies Malleability: able to be hammered into thin sheets / brittle / varies Most reactive nonmetal group on periodic table is found in: Group 1 / Group 17 / Group 18 Metalloids Location on Periodic Table: left of zigzag line / along zigzag line / right of zigzag line Luster: shiny / dull / varies (some are shiny, some are dull) Conductivity: good conductors of heat and electricity/ poor conductors / varies Malleability: able to be hammered into thin sheets / brittle / varies On the Periodic Table below: Shade the group of elements that are called the Noble Gases red. Shade all of the elements in Period 4 blue. Circle three elements that are classified as metals. Draw a triangle around three elements that are classified as metalloids. 2 He 3 Li Be 10 Ne 11 Na 12 Mg Cl 18 Ar 19 K 20 Ca 21 Sc 22 Ti Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni 29 Cu 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 35 Br 36 Kr 37 Rb 38 Sr Zr 41 Nb 42 Mo 43 Tc 44 Ru 45 Rh 46 Pd 47 Ag 48 Cd 49 In 50 Sn 51 Sb 52 Te Xe 55 Cs 56 Ba 57 La 72 Hf 73 Ta Re 76 Os Pt 79 Au 80 Hg 81 Tl 82 Pb 83 Bi 84 Po 85 At 86 Rn 87 Fr 88 Ra 89 Ac 104 Rf 105 Db 106 Sg 107 Bh 108 Hs 109 Mt Use a periodic table to identify the following elements. Identify the metal in period 3 that is more reactive than magnesium: Identify the noble gas with 2 valence electrons: Identify the element in group 17 with 5 energy levels or shells: Identify the element that has more valence electrons than fluorine and fewer energy levels than sodium: Identify the metalloid in period 3 with more protons than sodium and fewer valence electrons than chlorine: 2014 Science Teaching Junkie, Inc. 4
5 Chemical Formulas 8.5D & 6.5C A coefficient tells you how many there are. A subscript tells you how many there are. Fill in the missing information to complete the chart. Substance Check One Box Check One Box Fill out each of these boxes. Chemical Symbol Chemical Formula Element Compound Total # El t Total # t Total # lecul H 2 O Cu 4 CaCO 3 Zr Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 2CO How many atoms of each element are in each formula? H2O2; Hydrogen: ; Oxygen: H2SO4; Hydrogen: ; Sulfur: ; Oxygen: CO(NH2)2; Carbon: ; Oxygen: ; Nitrogen: ; Hydrogen: How many atoms of oxygen are present in two molecules of glucose (C6H12O6)? Chemical Reactions 8.5E List 4 signs that a chemical reaction has occurred State whether each of these changes is physical (P) or chemical (C). Chopping wood: Burning paper: Boiling water: Tarnishing metal: Spoiling milk: Candle wax melting: Baking a cake: Dissolving sugar in water: Cracking eggs: 2014 Science Teaching Junkie, Inc. 5
6 While conducting many different labs over the school year, a student recorded observations in her science journal. Circle all of the following observations that would be considered evidence of a chemical reaction taking place. a) When the 2 clear, colorless solutions were combined, the result was a blue liquid. b) Solution #1 evaporated quickly. c) Some of liquid #2 froze into ice crystals. d) Some of the powder dissolved in the first beaker. e) After the liquids combined, the temperature dropped by 3 C. f) The baking soda and hydrochloric acid combined, forming bubbles. g) The powder absorbed some of the acid. h) The two liquids combined, forming a solid substance that sank to the bottom of the test tube. Balanced Equations 8.5F Label the following parts of the chemical equation below: coefficient, subscript, products, reactants, yields, chemical formula. A. B. C. D. E. F. The Law of Conservation of Mass states that during a chemical reaction, mass/matter is not or. Because of this law, there must be exactly the same number and kind of on each side of a chemical equation. To check if an equation is balanced or not, simply count the number of atoms of each element on the reactant side of the equation and check to see if there are the same number of atoms of each element on the side of the equation. If so, it is balanced. Which of the following chemical equations is balanced? A. Al CuCl2 AlCl3 Cu B. 2Al 3CuCl2 2AlCl3 3Cu C. 3Al 2CuCl2 3AlCl3 2Cu D. 4Al 3CuCl2 4AlCl3 3Cu Which of the following chemical equations is balanced? A. K3PO4 2HCl 2KCl 2H3PO4 B. K3PO4 3HCl KCl H3PO4 C. K3PO4 HCl KCl H3PO4 D. K3PO4 3HCl 3KCl H3PO Science Teaching Junkie, Inc. 6
7 Energy Flow Through Ecosystems 7.5C Highlight one complete food chain on the food web. Which organisms on the food web have the most available energy? Which organisms on the food web have the least available energy? Give their names. Draw arrows on the energy pyramid to show the direction of energy flow from greatest to least. On the pyramid, color producers green, herbivores yellow, and carnivores red. Only about % of the energy from one level of the energy pyramid is used to support the level above it. Almost all of the energy that supports life on Earth comes from. A B C D The process that plants use to capture the radiant energy from the sun and turn it into chemical energy is called. Organic Compounds 7.6A An organic compound has one or more atoms as part of the molecules structure. Other elements found in the organic compounds of living organisms include: (H), (O), (N), (S), and (P). Check one. Substance Formula Organic Inorganic sugar C 6 H 12 O 6 methane water 2014 Science Teaching Junkie, Inc. 7
8 Physical/Chemical Changes in the Digestive System 7.6B Place check marks in the appropriate boxes below to indicate the type(s) of changes that occur during the digestive process in the organs shown. Note: it is possible to have a check mark in both columns. Structure Mouth Stomach Small Intestine Physical Change Chemical Change Density 6.6B The formula to calculate density is density = Use the pictures of the triple beam balance and graduated cylinder to find the density of the rock. (Show all work!) The mass of the rock when placed on the balance: SHOW WORK HERE: A sample of metal has a mass of 23.4 g and a volume of 3.0 ml. What is the sample s most likely identity? A. Aluminum (2.8 g/ml) B. Gold (19.3 g/ml) C. Iron (7.8 g/ml) D. Copper (8.9 g/ml) What is the density of a substance with a volume of 5.0 ml and a mass of 15.0 g? A g/ml B. 3.0 g/ml C g/ml D g/ml 2014 Science Teaching Junkie, Inc. 8
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