Chemistry Test 1 Study Guide

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Chemistry Test 1 Study Guide Due Date: Test Date: Important Topics: Please review the concepts on this study guide as well as any other notes/worksheets from this unit. I. Aim # 22 Chemistry- Atomic Structure II. Aim # 23 What s the difference between atoms, elements, molecules, and compounds I. Aim # 22: Atoms and Atomic Structure 1. Define the following terms a. Matter: b. Atom: c. Element: 2. Answer the questions based on the diagram of an atom below 1. What is A? 2. What is B? 3. What is C? 4. Where in the atom are particles B and C located? 5. What is this elements atomic number? 6. What element is this? 3. Complete the chart below for the atom s subatomic particles Subatomic Particle Location Charge Mass 0 amu Nucleus 0 (neutral) 4. Circle the correct word in parenthesis to make the statement true a. Atoms of (different elements/ the same element) have (different properties/ the same properties) b. There must be an equal number of protons and (neutrons/electrons) to keep the atom s charge zero c. Nitrogen has an (atomic number/atomic mass) of 7 d. Fluorine has 10 (protons/neutrons) e. Aluminum has 18 (electrons/neutrons)

2 5. Explain how to find an element s: a. Protons: b. Electrons: c. Neutrons: 6. Complete the table below using your periodic table: Element Atomic Number Atomic Mass Protons Neutrons Electrons Cr Zn O H Si Ni P Au 7. Which two subatomic particles are added together to determine the atomic mass? 8. Why are electrons not included in the atomic mass? 9. Define Valence Electrons: 10. Complete the chart below for each element using the periodic table Element # of Electrons # of Shells # Valence Electrons Carbon Zinc Sulfur Potassium

3 11. Complete the following properties for each element: a. Write the element s atomic mass on the line above its symbol b. Write the element s full name on the line below the symbol c. Write the element s atomic # on the line below the full written name d. Fill in the # of P (protons), N (neutrons) and E (Electrons) for each element e. Draw the Bohr and Lewis Structures 12. Based on the diagrams below, use your periodic table to name each element Write the name in the box. Which would be most reactive? Least reactive? Explain why using the concept of valence electrons: 13. What is the name of the elements found touching the zig zag line? Name all of them (give their SYMBOL)

4 14. What elements are found to the left of the zig zag line? Name 4 of them (give their FULL NAME): 15. What elements are found to the right of the zig zag line? Name 4 of them (give their FULL NAME): 16. What number increases as you move across the periodic table to the right? _ 17. Most elements on the periodic table are what type of element? 18. The rows on the periodic table are called:. How many are there? 19. The columns on the periodic table are called:. How many are there? 20. Name the element that is in: a. Period 4, group 1: b. Period 6, group 11: c. Period 5, group 18: 21. Write the period/group location for sulfur: 22. Name an element that has similar properties to sulfur.. Explain WHY you chose this element: 23. For each statement below, write M if it is a property of a metal, NM for nonmetal, ML for metalloid and NG for noble gas a. Characteristics of both metals and nonmetals b. Boron c. Poor conductor of electricity d. Calcium e. Does not combine or react with any other elements f. Shiny (luster) g. Can be hammered into shapes (malleable) h. Carbon i. Can conduct electricity and heat j. Helium k. Elements As, Te and B 24. Who am I? (name the element based on the clues below) a. Period 2, 11 amu (atomic mass) b. Period 3, nonmetal, 32 amu c. 26 protons, period 4 d. Gas, 48 neutrons e. Period 5, 51 neutrons f. Metal, 80 electrons g. 27 electrons

5 II. Aim #23: What s the difference between atoms, elements, molecules, and compounds Define the following terms a. Atom: b. Element: c. Molecule: d. Compound: e. Mixture: 24. Explain why water (H 2O) can be broken down by a chemical change but hydrogen, boron or magnesium can t?

6 27. Identify how many total elements and total atoms are in the following common COMPOUNDS Compound Name Compound Formula # of elements # of total atoms Calcium Chloride CaCl 3 Water H 2O Carbon Dioxide CO 2 Sodium Chloride NaCl (salt) Ammonia NH 3 Sugar C 6H 12O Mixtures (can/cannot) be separated into the components by chemical or physical means. It involves two or more elements or compounds that (are/are not) chemically combined 29. What is the difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture? 30. Element (E), homogeneous mixture (HM), heterogeneous mixture (HT) or compound (C)? a. Apple juice b. Salt water c. CaCl d. H2O e. Pizza f. Sugar (C6H12O6) and Water (H2O) g. Air h. Mercury

7 31. Isotopes 32. What is an isotope? (what is different in each isotope) 33. Here are three isotopes of an element: a. The element is: b. The number 6 refers to the c. The numbers 12, 13, and 14 refer to the d. How many protons and neutrons are in the first isotope? e. How many protons and neutrons are in the second isotope? f. How many protons and neutrons are in the third isotope? 34. Complete the table below

8 Ions 35. What is an ion? 36. How do atoms become cations and anions? For the questions below determine if the particle that is described in an atom or an ion. In the space that says, charge, write either positive, negative, or no charge. Then indicate whether the particle is an atom or an ion. 37. A particle of nitrogen that contains 7 protons and 7 electrons. Charge Is this an atom or an ion? 38. A particle of magnesium that contains 12 protons and 14 electrons. Charge Is this an atom or an ion? 39. A particle of iron that contains 26 protons and 24 electrons. Charge Is this an atom or an ion? 40. A particle of chlorine that contains 17 protons and 17 electrons. Charge Is this an atom or an ion?