Atoms and Elements Review

Transcription

1 Atoms and Elements Review YOU ARE EXPECTED TO KNOW THE MEANING OF ALL THE FOLLOWING TERMS: ELEMENT ATOM WHMIS HHPS SDS PURE MIXTURE COMPOUND MOLECULE DIATOMIC HETEROGENEOUS HOMOGENEOUS METALS NON-METALS STATE/PHASE LUSTRE DUCTILITY MALLEABILIITY SOLUBILITY CONDUCTIVITY METALLOIDS REACTIVITY COMBUSTIBILITY TOXICITY PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES PRECIPITATE COMBUSTION CORROSION OXIDATION PHYSICAL CHANGE CHEMICAL CHANGE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER SUBATOMIC ELECTRON NEUTRAL PROTON NEUTRON ORBIT VALENCE AMU ATOMIC MASS ATOMIC NUMBER BOHR DIAGRAM PERIOD GROUP FAMILY MENDELEEV PERIODIC LAW TRANSITION METALS ESSENTIAL OUTCOMES S1-2-03: What are the symbols of the first 20 elements and other common ones? 1. What elements do the following symbols represent? (Try not to look at your Periodic Table) a) O f) He b) K g) P c) Hg h) S d) Si i) Li e) F j) Na 2. What are the symbols for the following elements? a) Copper f) Gold b) Silver g) Lead c) Argon h) Iron d) Tin i) Boron e) Tungsten j) Mercury 3. What is the relationship between an atom and an element?

2 S1-0-04: What symbols and systems help people use chemicals safely at home, work and for the environment? 4. What are some similarities and differences between WHMIS and HHPS? 5. Describe in your own words the meaning of each of the following WHMIS symbols. S1-2-09: How do you classify matter using: element, compound, atom, molecule, mixture and pure? 6. Find the words from the choices below which match the definitions (One will not be used): Chemistry, Matter, Mass, Volume, Element, Compound, Mixture, Atoms, Molecule a) The smallest particle of an element b) The amount of matter in an object c) A pure substance composed of only one type of atom d) The smallest particle of a compound e) The amount of space an object occupies f) A pure substance that can be only be broken down by chemical means g) The study of matter h) Two or more substances which have been combined physically

3 S1-2-07: What properties classify elements as metals, non-metals or metalloids? 7. List some physical properties to show how they would help identify metals or non-metals. METALS: NON-METALS: S1-2-12: How do you identify physical or chemical change and if a chemical reaction has taken place? 8. Use your knowledge of the signs of a chemical reaction to explain how you know that lighting a piece of paper on fire is a chemical change, but melting snow is not. 9. Which one of the following is a chemical change? a) You boil water to make dinner. b) You crack open eggs. c) You add a bit of salt to the water. d) You poach the eggs by placing them into the water. e) You cut the eggs up to eat them. 10. Which one of the following is a physical change? a) Acid damages the surface of a car. b) The car burns up gasoline on a trip. c) The car explodes in a collision. d) The auto wrecker crushes the car into a tiny cube.

4 11. Which of the following is a chemical property? a) Combustibility. b) Colour. c) Taste. d) Density. e) Malleability. 12. Which of the following is a physical property? a) Reactivity with oxygen. b) Spontaneously explosive. c) Oxidizing substance. d) Inert (non reactive). e) Ductility. EXTENTION OUTCOMES S1-2-02: What is the basic subatomic structure of an atom? 13. Atoms are made up of three kinds of particles (fill in the blanks): Name Charge Location Relative Mass Actual Mass 1 amu Unbelievably small 1 amu 1/2000 amu Unbelievably small Even smaller than that!

5 S1-2-04: How do you use atomic mass and atomic number to identify parts of the atom? 14. Explain how you use the periodic table to find the number of electrons, protons and neutrons. Use sodium as an example. S1-2-05: How do you draw an atom using a Bohr Diagram? 15. Draw s Bohr diagrams of an oxygen atom and of a lithium atom write the name and symbol below. 16. Draw Bohr diagrams of an oxygen ion and of a lithium ion write the name and symbol below.

6 S1-2-06: How is the Periodic Table organized for the elements and what patterns exist? 17. Label (using patterns) these groups of elements on the miniature periodic table: Element Pattern a)hydrogen b) Noble Gases c) Alkali Metals d) Halogens e) Metalloids EXPLORATION OUTCOMES S1-2-08: Why do families react differently during chemical reactions? 18. How does your knowledge of the Octet rule or the expression 8 is GREAT help to explain the lack of reactivity for the Noble (inert) gases?

7 19. Give the symbols and charges once these atoms react to become ions. a) Sodium symbol: charge: b) Fluorine symbol: charge: c) Oxygen symbol: charge: d) Magnesium symbol: charge: e) Boron symbol: charge: f) Nitrogen symbol: charge: S1-2-10: How do you use a formula to find the elements in the molecule and the number of atoms of each element? 20. Given the following formulas, how many of each element is in a molecule of that substance? a. H2O2 Type of Atom Number b. Ca3(PO4)2 Type of Atom Number c. 2 C6H12O6 Type of Atom Number

8 S1-2-01: How did each person contribute to our understanding of matter? 21. Pick any two scientists (Thomson, Bohr, Rutherford, Dalton) and explain the differences in their contributions to Atomic Theory.