Name Date Hour Table. Semester One Review #1-11 Directions: Mark the correct answer on each of the following questions.

Transcription

1 Semester One Review #1-11 Directions: Mark the correct answer on each of the following questions. 1. Which of the following are subatomic particles? A. negative Electrons, neutral nuclei, negative elements B. positive protons, negative electrons, neutral atoms C. negative electrons, positive protons, positive or negative ions D. positive protons, negative electrons, neutral neutrons 2. Physical changes result in A. changes in total mass B. changes of the shape or state of matter C. changes in the arrangement of atoms D. change in charge 3. The first atmosphere that formed above Earth was most likely due to what process? A. eruption of volcanoes B. movement of water C. development of land plants D. occurrence of violent storms 4. Which of these is not a chemical change A. a bike chain rusting B. an antacid in stomach acid C. two liquids mixing together to form a solid D. melting snow 5. What is the volume of the liquid in the graduated cylinder? A. 40 ml B. 43 ml C. 44mL D. 45 ml 6. Which of the following causes particles to have the highest energy? A. increase in thermal energy (heat) B. decrease in thermal energy (heat) C. condensation D. freezing point 7. The Law of Conservation of Matter states that A. there must be more reactants than products in a reaction B. there will be more products created C. it doesn t matter how many reactants or products you have D. the reactants in a reaction must equal the products in a reaction 8. Which has the highest potential energy? A. a student with two bags of M&Ms B. a student with no candy C. a car with two bags of M&Ms D. an old person on a bench 9. Which of the following is NOT true of terrestrial planets? A. they are larger in volume, but have the same average mass B. they have the same overall chemical compositions as gaseous planets C. they are larger than the gaseous planets D. all of the above. 10. Density is A. a chemical property B. a physical property that is specific to each substance C. a physical property that can be changed D. a chemical property that can be changed 11. When energy is transferred or transformed A. all energy is transferred from one type to another B. some energy is transferred and some is lost as thermal energy to the environment C. most energy is lost as thermal energy to the environment D. energy cannot be changed from one type to another

2 #12-42 Directions: Record the correct letter of the definition that matches each of the terms. 12._O physical changes 13._P Law of Conservation i. of Matter 14. V Law of Conservation i. of Energy 15. K noncontact forces 16. CC motion 17._I velocity 18. T convection 19. L balanced forces 20. M Newton 21. S atomic nucleus 22._Q displacement volume 23._DD weight 24. N heliocentric 25. EE gravitational pull 26. D substance 27. F independent variable 28._J theory 29. Y waxing gibbous 30. W atomic number 31. A element 32. G acceleration 33. U friction 34._BB unbalanced forces 35. H energy inefficiency 36._AA chemical change 37. R lunar eclipse 38. E Erlenmeyer flask 39. B graduated cylinder 40. X gravity 41._Z triple beam balance 42._C mixture

3 A. a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical changes; consists of atoms of only one type B. a cylindrical container marked with horizontal lines to represent units of measurement and used to precisely measure the volume of liquids C. a combination of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means D. matter with a definite, uniform, chemical composition E. a narrow- mouthed container used to transport, heat, or store substances, often used when a stopper is required F. the variable in an experiment that the INVESTIGATOR or I change G. a positive or negative change in speed H. in all energy transfers, some energy is lost as thermal energy I. the speed and direction of an objects motion J. a scientific hypothesis that has been tested many times with the same outcome K. a type of force that acts upon an object without touching it (ex. magnetism, gravity, electrostatic) L. two forces acting on an object in opposite directions, but no movements seem to happen or movement occurs at a constant speed M. the SI unit of measure of force N. theory that places the Sun at the center of the universe with planets and other objects orbiting around it O. a change that does not alter the identity of substance (pizza is still pizza after it is cut in slices) P. in a chemical reaction, the reactants must equal the products Q. the method of determining the volume of an irregularly shaped object R. the Moon passes directly behind the Earth through Earth s shadow S. consists of protons and neutrons and is surrounded by the electron cloud T. the transfer of heat by the movement of a liquid or gas U. a contact force that slows or stops sliding motion V. energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed into different forms W. represents the number of protons in an element, if changed, results in a new element X. the attraction between two objects that have mass Y. a Moon phase that is less than full, but more than half illuminated Z. instrument to measure mass AA. change in composition of a substance that cannot be undone by physical means BB. forces working in opposite directions that result in movement of an object CC. described using a reference point, direction, and displacement DD. the measurement of the amount of gravitational force applied to an object EE. a force affected by the mass of the objects and distance between them

4 43. Which would you most likely be able to separate into its parts by filtering? A. Heterogeneous mixture of two liquids B. Heterogeneous mixture of two solids C. Homogeneous mixture of two liquids D. Homogeneous mixture of two solids # Directions: Use the words in the word bank to answer each question. Not all words are used. atom compound element heterogeneous mixture homogeneous mixture nucleus 44. The parts of a(n) homogeneous mixture are evenly mixed but not bonded together. 45. A(n) compound, such as table salt, contains two or more substances in a specific combination. 46. In a(n) heterogeneous mixture, the individual components are not evenly mixed. 47. Pure gold is an example of a(n) element. #48-52 Directions: Fill in the missing States of Matter information in the table using this image: State of Matter Gas Liquid Solid Energy of Particles High 48. medium 49. low Movement of Particles 50. colliding / high Sliding 51. vibrating/ low Space between Particles 52. lots / spread out Medium Very little

5 #53-61 Directions: Fill in the missing information, using the word bank below: *revolution *groups *properties *molecule *families *positive *decreases *day *increases *negative *unbalanced *kinetic energy *periods *compound *chemical *asteroid belt 53. The rows on the periodical table are called periods, the columns on the periodic table are called groups or families. 54. Elements in families have similar properties and act similarly in reactions. 55. A(n) molecule is two or more atoms bonded together. A(n) compound is a type of molecule with two or more different elements bonded together. 56. Objects with mass have gravity. Gravity increases with an increase in mass. Gravity decreases with an increase in distance between the objects. 57. Two forces are acting on an object. The object is moving forward at an uneven pace. We can say that the two forces are unbalanced. 58. Chemical energy is found in the food we digest. We convert this type of energy to kinetic energy when our bodies move. Some of this energy is lost or unused as heat (thermal energy) in the transformation from one type of energy to the other. 59. A planet makes one revolution around the Sun every year. The planet makes one rotation around its axis every day. 60. A(n) asteroid belt separates the terrestrial planets from the gaseous planets. 61. Acceleration can be either positive or negative. Positive acceleration causes an increase in speed, while negative acceleration will cause an object to slow or even stop.

6 #62 Directions: Use the following word bank to complete the missing information. gravitational distance stored 62. There are many types of energy. Potential energy is the energy that is stored due to the interactions between objects or particles. One type of potential energy is gravitational potential energy. This is the form of energy that is due to the mass of an object and it s distance from another object. 63. Label each of the following with the type of eclipse represented in the diagram. A. Lunar Eclipse B. Solar Eclipse #64-69 Directions: Circle True or False to identify each of the following statements as TRUE or FALSE. True or False 64. Earth s Moon orbits the Sun. True or False 65. Planets orbit the Moon. True or False 66. A galaxy is larger than a universe. True or False 67. The Milky way is the only galaxy in the universe. True or False 68. The Earth experiences two low and high tides daily due to the gravitational pull between the Earth and the Moon True or False 69. If the tilt of Earth s axis was at zero degrees, Oklahoma would experience only winter. 70. Circle each of the following that reflect the light produced by something else in the solar system stars planets moons comets 71. Circle each of the following that is correct about terrestrial planets has a dense core has rings inner planets outer planets rocky surfaces very large made of gases 72. Circle each of the following that is correct about the gas giants has a dense core has rings inner planets outer planets rocky surfaces very large made of gases

7 73. Identify each of the solar system components shown in the diagram. 1. Mercury 2. Venus 3. Earth 4. Mars 5. Asteroid Belt 6. Jupiter 7. Comet 8. Saturn 9. Uranus 10. Pluto 11. Neptune 74. At which position is the Northern Hemisphere experiencing each of the following seasons? Spring- A Summer- B Winter- D Fall/Autumn- C

8 75. On the diagram below, color and label each of the Moon phases in the order that they occur, Page 359 in your book may be a help to you.

9 76-77 Using the diagrams, fill in the data tables with the requested information. 76. Label Name Description of temperature and moisture level North American Air Masses A continental arctic frigid (very cold) and dry B continental polar cold and dry C maritime polar cold and humid D maritime tropical warm and humid E maritime tropical warm and humid F continental tropical warm/hot and dry G maritime tropical warm/hot and humid H maritime polar cold and humid 77. Layer 1 Troposphere 2 Stratosphere 3 Mesosphere 4 Ionosphere 5 exosphere 6 thermosphere Description-Identifying Characteristic(s) Closest to earth s surface, heated from below, densest layer, weather and life occur here Dry layer above the troposphere that contains the ozone layer, at lower altitudes of this layer, planes fly and upper part of clouds form and tall mountains Third layer of the atmosphere from surface, meteors burn up here Made of electrically charged gas particles, bounces radio signals, part of the thermosphere Upper part of thermosphere, extends out into space with no definite end Contains, ionosphere, and exosphere; largest portion of atmosphere; site of aurora borealis

10 The circle graph represents the composition of dry air. Identify the gases that belong in each section of the circle and list the percentage of the air that each gas represents. # Type of gas or gases % 78 nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide, argon, and other gases Which diagram best represents the movement of air during the day? D 83. Which diagram best represents the movement of air during the night? C 84. What is the circular movement of air caused by temperature and pressure differences shown in the diagrams called? convection current

11 Name Date Hour Table