1. Meteoroid. 2. Meteor. 3. Meteorite. 4. Gravity. 5. Asteroid. 6. Comet. 7. Year. 8. Revolve. 9. A day. 10. Rotate. 11. Tides

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1 Name Answer KEY Science SOL Review 6 th grade material Date Class Block Interrelationship of Earth and Space Systems Vocabulary: gravity, comet, meteorite, meteor, asteroid, meteoroid, rotation, revolution, year, day, tides 1. Chunks of metal or stone that orbit the sun freely, not in a group. 2. Pieces of metal or stone that fall through the Earth's atmosphere and burn up. The burning material is often called a "shooting star". 1. Meteoroid 2. Meteor 3. Pieces of metal or stone that hit the Earth's surface. 3. Meteorite 4. The force of attraction between objects. This causes the planets and other space objects to maintain their elliptical orbit around the sun. 4. Gravity 5. Space object made of rock, metal or a combination of the two. Most lie in a belt between Mars and Jupiter and can be quite large. 6. Spheres of dusty ice that have a tail and orbit the sun freely. Their tails can be millions of miles long. 5. Asteroid 6. Comet 7. The amount of time it takes the Earth to revolve around the sun 1 time 7. Year 8. To orbit or move around another object. 9. The amount of time it takes for the Earth to spin one time on its axis. 10. To spin on an axis 11. The gravitational pull of the moon on the Earth s oceans and other bodies of water. 12. Explain why Earth and all planets have day and night. 8. Revolve 9. A day 10. Rotate 11. Tides 12. They rotate on their axis. Day = facing the sun. Night = facing away from the sun. 1

2 13. Label the picture day and night. 13. Day Night 14. Explain what causes the northern hemisphere to experience winter and summer. 15. Label the picture summer and winter for the northern hemisphere. 14. We are tilted on the axis which, as we revolve around the sun, causes the light to hit more directly in the summer and less directly in the winter. Summer Winter 16. How many stars are in our solar system? 17. What makes a planet different from a moon? 18. Write the order of the 8 planets from closest to farthest ONE! (The Sun) 17. Planets often have other things revolving around it and have their own independent orbital paths. Planets also revolve around the sun/a star 18. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune 20. What lies between Mars and Jupiter? 20. The asteroid belt 21. Name 3 ways the inner planets are different from the outer planets. 21. They are terrestrial (rocky), smaller, warmer 22. Why does the sun have such a strong gravitational pull? 22. Because it s massive (more mass = more gravity) 23. What causes tides? 23. The pull of the moon s gravity 24. What causes the phases of the moon? 24. The moon revolving around the Earth and our relative position of it compared to the sun. 2

3 Waxing Gibbous 1 st quarter Waxing Crescent 25. Label the phases of the moon. Choose from: full moon, new moon, waxing gibbous, 1 st quarter moon, waxing crescent, 3 rd quarter, waning gibbous, waning crescent Full Moon New Moon Waning = 2 nd half (getting smaller) Waxing = 1 st half (getting bigger) Waning Gibbous 3 rd quarter Waning Crescent 26. What was the goal of each of these space programs A. Mercury B. Gemini C. Apollo D. Shuttle E. Mars Probes F. Other probes A. Mercury Launch rocket w/person and bring them back B. Gemini Dock two rockets in space and orbit Earth C. Apollo Land a man on the Moon D. Shuttle Carry cargo and perform experiments E. Mars Probes Explore Mars F. Other Probes Explore our solar system 27. List the main theory each astronomer is famous for: Ptolemy Aristotle Copernicus Galileo Ptolemy Sun orbits Earth (Geocentric) Aristotle Sun orbits Earth (Geocentric) Copernicus Earth orbits the sun (Heliocentric) Galileo Earth orbits the sun (Heliocentric), improved on telescope and found evidence to support Copernicus s claim. 3

4 Atmosphere and Weather 28. Convection Currents Vocabulary: The Earth s energy budget, wind, Greenhouse effect, The sun, greenhouse gases A. The concept that certain gases trap heat in our atmosphere. B. This is responsible for powering the atmosphere, oceans, causing weather, providing heat, light, energy, and causing life processes. C. The unequal heating and cooling of land and water that causes local winds. D. The concept that energy in our atmosphere is balanced by being absorbed and reflected. E. methane, water vapor, carbon dioxide 29. Explain the concept of the Earth s Energy budget. 30. What do the arrows moving up represent? 31. What do the arrows moving down represent? A. Greenhouse effect B. Sun C. Wind D. Earth s Energy Budget E. Methane, water vapor, carbon dioxide 29. Equal amounts of the Sun s energy need to be reflected and absorbed. 30. Warm air rising 31. Cold air sinking 32. Why would the land be warmer then the water during the day? 33. Why would the water be warmer then the land at night? 32. Land heats up faster than water (it has a low heat capacity, aka it heats up and cools down quickly) 33. Water holds on to heat better than land (water has a high heat capacity, aka it heats up and cools down slowly) 34. What are 3 factors that affect weather? A. Temperature B. Humidity c. Air Pressure 4

5 Vocabulary: temperature, humidity, air pressure, warm front, evaporation, cold front, low pressure, high pressure, condensation, troposphere. cold front, warm front 35. The layer of the atmosphere weather takes place in. 36. Pressure system that brings rainy, bad weather. 37. Type of front that brings steady rain and 38. warmer weather. 39. The amount of air pressing down on an area. 40. The measure of heat in the air or atmosphere. 41. Pressure system that brings clear skies and good weather. 42. Type of front that brings storms and cold weather. 43. The amount of water vapor in the air. 35. Troposphere 36. Low pressure 37. Warm front 38. Warm front 39. Air pressure 40. Temperature 41. High Pressure 42. Cold Front 43. Humidity 44. Evaporation 44. The changing of a liquid to a gas by adding heat. 45. The changing of a gas to a liquid by cooling List 3 facts about warm air. Draw a model of the molecules in warm air 48. List 3 facts about cold air. Draw a model of the molecules in cold air 49. Write the name of each cloud, what type of weather it brings, and description. Choices: cumulonimbus/stormy/tall & towering stratus/steady or no rain/ sheet like cumulus/fair weather or showers/ fluffy cirrus/changing weather or fair weather/ feathery 45. Condensation 46. Cold Front 47. Less dense Rises moves more quickly 48. More dense Sinks Moves more slowly stratus/steady or no rain/ sheet like cumulus/fair weather or showers/ fluffy cirrus/changing weather or fair weather/ feathery cumulonimbus/stormy/tall & towering 5

6 50. What happens to the air temperature at you rise from the earth s surface to outer space? 51. What happens to air pressure as you rise from the earth s surface to outer space? It gets colder (in the troposphere), then warmer (in the stratosphere due to the ozone layer), then coldest (mesosphere), then hottest (thermosphere) It gets lower the higher you go. 52. Describe the weather happening on the weather map below. Low pressure/ Bad Weather Low pressure/ Cold Front/ Cooler weather High pressure/ Clear Weather 53. What are 3 groups that are responsible for protecting our environment? People, Local gov t, Federal gov t 54. Match the name of each instrument to the weather factor: Thermometer, barometer, hygrometer a. Measures water vapor/humidity: hygrometer b. Measures temperature: Thermometer c. Measures air pressure: barometer 55. Match the description of each type of storm to the storm name: Hurricane, tornado, thunderstorm a. Storm that forms only over land, mph winds, funnel shaped, lasts for 40 or less minutes, severe damage from wind, debris, & lightning. tornado b. Storm that forms along a cold front and cumulonimbus clouds. Brings thunder, lightning, high winds, & heavy rain. thunderstorm c. Storm that forms over oceans that bring high winds, large waves, swirls around an eye, covers hundreds of miles, and lasts for days. Hurricane 6

7 Unique Properties of Water 56. List 3 unique properties of water and explain each: A. Water is polar (has positive and negative sides) B. Water is the universal solvent (dissolves/bonds w/more things and any other substance) C. Water commonly exists in all 3 states of matter (water expands when it freezes) 57. Label the water molecule to the right: hydrogen, oxygen, negative, and positive (positive) H O (negative) H (positive) Vocabulary: surface tension, water, adhesion, cohesion, hydrogen & oxygen, condensation 58. The two elements that make up water. 59. The act of water molecules sticking together. 60. The Universal Solvent 61. The act of water sticking to other substances. 62. The act of cohesion forming a skin on the surface of water. 63. The process of water vapor turning into a liquid 64. Why does water dissolve many substances? 65. Why is water considered polar? 66. How can you change the density of water (change it from a solid, to liquid, to a gas)? 67. What happens to the molecules of water when water freezes? 58. Hydrogen and Oxygen 59. Cohesion 60. Water 61. Adhesion 62. Surface Tension 63. Condensation 64. Because it is polar which gives it greater reactivity 65. The electrons are shared unevenly giving Oxygen a slightly negative charge and hydrogen a slightly positive charge. 66. Add or remove energy 67. They expand 68. Name 1 reason ice floats. 68. Water expands when it freezes so it is less dense than liquid water. 69. Label the pictures of water molecules as solid, liquid, or gas. A. Gas (water vapor) B. Solid (ice) C. Liquid water 7

8 Watershed Systems 70. Watershed Vocabulary : a. All the land that water flows across and drains into a body of water. b. A smaller stream or river that flows into a bigger body of water. c. A map that shows the land features of an area. d. Small animals/insects without backbones that live in water and indicated e. A partially enclosed body of water that is a mixture of salt and freshwater. f. Points of higher ground that separate watersheds. Macroinvertebrates,, tributary, pollution, topographic, watershed, ridgelines/divides, estuary a. watershed b. tributary c. topographic d. macrovinvertebrates e. estuary f. divides/ridgelines g. pollution g. Substance that contaminates an environment. 71. What are 4 signs of good water quality? 1. Cool temperatures 2. High Disolved Oxygen (>8ppm) < ph < Macroinvertebrates 5. No foam/orange color 72. What are 4 polluters of water? 1. Sediment/run off 2. Pesticides 3. Warm Water 4. Farms/cities 73. What is the biggest polluter of Sediment/dirt bodies of water? 74. What are 2 effects of erosion? 1. Unstable riverbeds plants and animal die 2. Pollutes water eutrophication plants and animals die 75. What are 2 ways to prevent erosion? 1. Plant trees/vegitation (don t cut them down at all) 2. Stay on designated trails/paths 76. What are 2 jobs of wetlands? 1. Prevent flooding 2. Filter (clean) water 3. Provide habitat for animals and plants 8

9 77. What are ways our environment is contaminated (polluted)? 78. What are 3 things you as an individual can do to protect our environment? 79. List 3 reasons it is important to protect our environment. 80. What is the most effective way to protect our environment? 81. What are 3 ways we can manage our waste? Sediment in water, waste from factories/farms, animal waste, improper disposal of waste, removing plant material Recycle Reduce Reuse to prevent pollution to prevent global climate change to conserve our resources to pass laws recycling reducing reusing 9