Name Period Date 8R MIDTERM REVIEW I. ASTRONOMY 1. Most stars are made mostly of. 2. The dark, cooler areas on the sun s surface are

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1 Name Period Date 8R MIDTERM REVIEW I. ASTRONOMY 1. Most stars are made mostly of 2. The dark, cooler areas on the sun s surface are 3. When hydrogen nuclei fuse they form 4. Einstein s equation is 5. The part of the sun in which fusion occurs is known as the. 6. During fusion, atoms combine to produce and energy. 7. Use the diagram below to answer the questions. a. Is the surface temperature of white dwarf stars higher or lower than the Sun? b. What type of star is the sun? c. For main sequence stars, as temperature decreases, brightness. d. What type of star has a low temperature but a low luminosity? e. What type of star is Arcturus? 8. A body made up of rock, dust, gases, and ice that orbits the sun is a 9. A meteoroid that makes contact with the Earth s surface is known as a. 10. The force of attraction that causes planets to orbit the sun is called 11. Identify the planet being described: a. largest e. Earth s twin b. smallest f. closest to the sun c. contains water g. farthest from the sun d. Possesses the greatest # of rings h. Has the Great Red Spot 12. The point in a Earth s orbit when it is closest to the sun is during the month of 13. Day and night are caused by the earth's. One full day is hours long. 14. The earth's axis is tilted at an angle of 15. The sun rises in the and sets in the. 16. When the Northern Hemisphere is having winter, the Southern Hemisphere is having 17. As you move east from one time zone to the next, you move your watch 18. The amount of time it takes the moon to make one complete rotation and revolution is 19. When more than half of the moon is visible from the earth, the moon is in its

2 20. When the moon passes between the sun and the earth, a eclipse occurs. 21. Tides are caused by from the. 22. Label the phases in the diagram below a. About how much time does it take for the moon to travel from position 1 back to position 1? 23. Use the diagram below to answer the following questions. a. What movement of the earth is shown by the arrow labeled A? b. What is the line labeled B called? c. What is the movement of the earth in its orbit called? d. How long will it take the earth to move through one cycle from point D to point D? e. In what month will the earth reach point F? f. In what month is the United States in when the earth is at point D? g. Which letter represents the earth at a. perihelion? b. aphelion? h. When the earth is at point F, does the Northern Hemisphere receive direct or slanted rays from the sun? i. Label the seasons on the diagram above and the date each season begins in the Northern Hemisphere. 24. The diagrams below represents a portion of the Earth s latitude and longitude system. What is the appropriate latitude & longitude for: a. Point A b. Point A

3 Name Period Date 8R MIDTERM REVIEW II. METEROROLOGY 1. The layers of gases that surround the Earth make up the. 2. Which diagram best represents the volume of gases in the troposphere? a. b. c. d. 3. Which list shows the atmospheric layers in the correct order upward from Earth s surface? a. thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, troposphere b. troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere c. stratosphere, mesosphere, troposphere, thermosphere d. thermosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, stratosphere 4. Energy from the sun reaches the Earth mainly by a. radiation b. convection c. conduction 5. Which process causes clouds to form? 6. The arrows in the diagram below show the circulation of air on a sunny day. a. Explain how this air circulates. b. This process in which air is heated is known as 7. Identify 1 greenhouse gas and explain how it causes global warming. 8. Describe the causes of acid rain. 9. Describe 1 way acid rain can negatively affect the Earth. 10. What causes ozone depletion? 11. Why does ozone depletion increase the risk of skin cancer? 12. Describe 2 environmental changes caused by global warming that negatively affect the Earth. 13. As the temperature of air decreases, the amount of water it can hold (humidity). 14. The day-to-day conditions of the atmosphere is called 15. The climate of a place with a low latitude usually is 16. All of the following affect climate, except a. altitude b. longitude c. latitude d. ocean currents 17. As altitude increases, temperature 18. The atmospheric conditions that prevail from season to season and year to year at a certain location is called

4 19. Identify each labeled air mass on the figure as continental tropical, continental polar, maritime polar, or maritime tropical. For each air mass, describe its humidity and temperature. A. B. A B C. D. C D 20. The map below shows an air mass that formed over Mexico and moved from location A to location B. How did the air mass affect the weather conditions at location B? (1) warmer temperature and drier air (2) warmer temperature and more humid air (3) colder temperature and drier air (4) colder temperature and more humid air 21. The map shows the size and path of a certain weather event. a. The path of what weather event is shown on the map? b. Describe two characteristics of this weather event. 22. Use the station model below to fill in the following information. a. Sky condition = b. wind direction = c. Dew point = d. precipitation in the past 3 hours = e. Air temperature = f. Air pressure (in millibars) = g. What has happened to air pressure in the past 3 hours? 23. Use the chart below to calculate relative humidity a. Dry bulb = 24 C Wet bulb = 14 C Relative humidity = b. Dry bulb = 30 C Wet bulb = 25 C Relative humidity = 24. Label the types of breezes shown below. a. b.

5 25. The weather map below shows the locations of a warm and a cold front over part of North America.. a. The numbered lines on the weather map connect locations with the same B b.. These lines are called c. What type of front is location A about to experience? A d. What type of weather is location A about to receive? _ e. What type of front is location B about to experience? f. What type of weather is location B about to receive? g. Which location is experiencing stronger winds, A or B? How do you know? h. The location labeled L is experiencing a low pressure system. Describe the weather in this area.

6 Name Period Date 8R MIDTERM REVIEW III. GEOLOGY 1. To get sample material from the mantle, drilling will be done through the oceanic crust rather than through the continental crust because oceanic crust is a. more dense than continental crust c. thinner than continental crust b. b. softer than continental crust d. younger than continental crust Use the choices below to answer questions 2-5. a. crust b. mantle c. core 2. The inner most layer 4. Made of iron 3. The outer most layer 5. Contains a liquid like layer on which continents float Use the choices below to answer the questions 6-9 on ocean currents. a. surface currents b. warm currents c. cold currents d. density currents 6. Rise & sink due to changes in salinity& temperature 8. Come from the poles 7. Warm the air over nearby land areas 9. Caused by winds Fill in the appropriate answers for questions Flat parts of the ocean floor 11. Deep canyons in the ocean 12. Part of a continent that slopes away from the shore 13. Mountains that run down the middle of oceans 14. This event occurs when plates slide together. 15. The location where an earthquake begins. Base your answers to questions on the map below and your knowledge of science. The map shows the position of the continents 240 million years ago. 16. What ocean floor feature formed along the bold line on the map? 17. What force is responsible for the separation of the continents? 18. Give two forms of evidence supporting the idea that the continents were once connected. 19 The diagram at the right represents sea floor spreading. a. What happens to the age of the crust as it moves away from the mid-ocean ridge? b. What causes crust to move apart? Where does this occur? c. What geologic feature forms above the subduction zone?

7 20. Which type of wave provides information about Earth s internal structure? (1) ocean waves (2) earthquake waves (3) light waves (4) sound waves Base your answers to questions on the topographic map below. 21. Which location most likely has an elevation of 45m? a. A b. B c. C d. D 22. Between which two points is the steepest hill located? a. A & B b. B & C c. C & D d. A & C 23. What is the contour interval for this map? 24. The streak color of a mineral is determined by scratching a mineral on the unglazed side of a ceramic tile. The streak color is (1) the same as the color of a mineral (3) a physical property of a mineral (2) a chemical property of a mineral (4) related to a mineral s luster 25. Fossils are most commonly found in (1) igneous rocks (2) sedimentary rocks (3) metamorphic rocks (4) volcanic rocks 26. The diagram shows the rock cycle. a. Identify two processes that can cause a sedimentary rock to become a metamorphic rock. b. What type of rock forms from particles that are deposited, compacted, and cemented? c. What term describes molten rock? d. What 2 processes form igneous rock? 27. What is weathering? 28. What are the 4 types of mechanical weathering? 29. How does temperature cause weathering? 30. In what type of weather does chemical weathering occur the fastest? 31 What is erosion? 32. What are the 5 agents of erosion? 33. What happens to rocks to which erosion has occurred?