Unit 3: Physical Science Classifying Matter in our Daily Lives

Transcription

1 Science 7 Unit 3: Physical Science Classifying Matter in our Daily Lives Name Period Purpose: I understand the relationship between atoms, molecules, elements, compounds, and mixtures and can also provide examples of each. Directions: Use the Figure 1 on the next page to help you answer the following questions. Answer all questions in CQC sentences in the spaces below. Then, complete Data Table 1 as you do the la All stuff in the known universe is made of matter. What is the smallest recognizable (unique) unit of matter called? Complete the following Venn Diagram for elements, molecules, and compounds. In the overlaps, write where the following chemicals should be. One example is shown for C 6 H 12 O 6 (glucose sugar). N 2 (Nitrogen gas) CO 2 (Carbon dioxide) c. Hg (Mercury) d. H 2 O (Water). C6H12O6 Compound **Note: overlaps that are crossed out cannot be filled-in as these substances do not exist. Molecule Element Compare and contrast organic vs. inorganic compounds. Give an example of each type of compound. Define a mixture. What are the two types of mixtures and how are they different? Classify each substance as the following: (*Hint: a substance may be more than one.) Start with either Atoms or Mixtures first, the use the figure to further classify the substance. 5. C 6 H 12 O 6 (sugar) 9. O 2 (oxygen) 6. Sand & Water 10. Gatoraid 7. Steel (mixture of iron & other metals) 1 CO 2 (carbon dioxide) 8. H 2 O (water) 1 Oil & water shaken up

2 Figure Classification of Matter Science 7 Unit 3: Physical Science Classifying Matter in our Daily Lives Name Period

3 Science 7 Unit 3: Physical Science Classifying Matter in our Daily Lives Name Period Lab: For each station, determine the correct classification of matter using Figure Then, explain why you chose that category. Data Table Classifying Matter in our Daily Lives Chemical Name # (chemical symbol) 1 Water (H 2 O) Category (see Figure 1) Explanation (Why did you choose that category of matter?) 2 Water (H 2 O) & Food Coloring 3 Water (H 2 O) & Soil 4 Silicon (Si) 5 Milk 6 Table Salt (NaCl) 7 Salt & Pepper 8 Saltwater (H 2 O + NaCl) 9 Sulfur (S) 10 Air (N 2, O 2, Ar, & CO 2 ) 11 Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) 12 Brass (Cu + Zn) 13 Italian Dressing 14 Rice & Borax 15 Douglas Fir Wood 16 Copper Sulfate (CuSO 4 )

4 Science 7 Unit 3: Physical Science Identification of Chemical Reactions Name Period Purpose: I can describe a physical and chemical property and explain what a physical and chemical change is. Background: Chemical changes are often called chemical reactions. Chemical changes, or reactions, are different than physical changes. Sometimes chemical changes require energy to be added to the chemicals to make a reaction happen. Chemical reactions involve changing one or more substances to produce one or more entirely different substances. A new substance may often be recognized by a change in color, odor, temperature and/or creation of light, heat, or a new gas, solid or liquid. Scientists and engineers use knowledge of chemical changes to create many useful products. For example, engineers have used scientific knowledge to create chemical packs, that when mixed together become cold (Instant Ice Packs), or hot (hand warmers), and even ones that give off light (Light Sticks)! As you recall, physical properties can be observed without changing the matter s identity. In this lab you will observe the physical properties of each substance before and after each chemical reaction. In real life, Chemists do the same thing. Chemists create chemical reactions and document the chemical changes and physical properties before and after each reaction. Then the chemists document and analyze the chemical changes to see if a reaction could be used to produce useful products for society. Instructions: At each station there are two different solutions. In Data Table 1, record the physical properties of each solution in the BEFORE column. Then, mix the two solutions in the designated well of your SEPUP tray. Record the chemical & physical properties AFTER the reaction. Be sure to clean up when finished at each station.

5 Data Table 1 Identification of Chemical Reactions Station Number Solutions (Bottle#) Describe both the starting solutions appearance in the bottle BEFORE they are added together. Include Color and Clarity observations. Color the chemical color in the circles. BEFORE Describe the solution AFTER the starting materials are added together. Include if there is (1) Color Change, (2) Gas production, (3) Temperature change, and (4) Other observations. Draw final color in the circle. AFTER 1 1 & 2 1: Hydrochloric acid 2: Sodium carbonate 2 1 & 3 1: Hydrochloric acid 3: Sodium hydroxide 3 1 & 4 1: Hydrochloric acid 4: Potassium chromate 4 2 & 7 2: Sodium carbonate 7: Copper sulfate 5 3 & 5 3: Sodium hydroxide 5: Calcium chloride 6 3 & 7 3: Sodium hydroxide 7: Copper sulfate

6 7 5 & 6 5: Calcium chloride 6: Sodium hydrogen sulfite 8 N/A Baking Soda 6: Vinegar (Acetic Acid) Clarity Scale Transparent = Can see clearly through Translucent = Can see through, not clearly Opaque = Can t see through at all Notes:

7 Analysis Questions: Use the Classification of Matter Figure and all notes. Answer in sentences. Would you call a single new substance formed by a chemical reaction between two substances a compound or a mixture? Explain. Would you call two new substances formed by a chemical reaction between two substances a compound or a mixture? Explain. How many different types of atoms are in NaOH (solution 3)? Describe the physical properties of solution How many different types of atoms are in CuSO 4) (solution 7)? Describe the physical properties of solution Did the result of mixing solution 3 with solution 7 show evidence of a physical change or chemical change? Explain. 6. Did the result of mixing solution 3 with solution 5 show evidence of a physical change or chemical change? Explain. 7. Circle which of the following items below indicates a physical change or a chemical change. Item Circle one for each Water evaporating to steam Physical or Chemical Paper burning Physical or Chemical Food digesting Physical or Chemical Cavity forming in a tooth Physical or Chemical Red meat browning Physical or Chemical Liquid gold cooling into a solid Physical or Chemical Cooking of an egg Physical or Chemical

8 Science 7 Unit 3: Physical Science System Analyses Name Period Purpose: I am able to identify an open or closed system by analyzing the inputs and outputs of matter and energy. Definitions: matter - energy - input output - open system - closed system - Directions: Use the key below to perform a system analysis of the following systems. Use arrows to show the direction of flow. Label each arrow with the specific matter, energy, etc. In other words, don t just say Matter Input but tell the specific matter Oxygen, Fuel, etc. Whoosh Tube Green = Blue = Purple = Red = Orange = Yellow dashed = Yellow solid = Key Matter input Matter output Matter cycling Energy input Energy output Open system Closed system

9 Fire Syringe Green = Blue = Purple = Red = Orange = Yellow dashed = Yellow solid = Key Matter input Matter output Matter cycling Energy input Energy output Open system Closed system Tree Green = Blue = Purple = Red = Orange = Yellow dashed = Yellow solid = Key Matter input Matter output Matter cycling Energy input Energy output Open system Closed system

10 Science 7 Unit 3: Physical Science Conservation of Mass Name Period Purpose: I am able to identify an open or closed system by analyzing the inputs and outputs of matter and energy. I can describe how matter is conserved in both an open and closed system. Background Information: One of the fundamental laws of nature is conservation of matter. The law states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. This means all the atoms present before a reaction must be present after the reaction. The atoms in a reaction may make up different molecules or change their state of matter. Introduction: In this activity, you will investigate the law of Conservation of Matter by creating chemical reactions in both open and closed systems. A closed system is a system in which energy can flow into and out of the system, but matter stays in the system. An open system is one in which both energy and matter can flow into and out of the system into the environment. NOTE: Closed systems are very hard to create. So carefully follow instructions in the la Directions: Make a hypothesis about whether the mass will increase, decrease, or stay in the same in both the open systems vs the closed system below. Consider the Open System as the control. Be sure to follow the instructions closely. Finally, answer the questions on the end of the la Hypothesis: Open System (CT) vs Closed System (ET): SS = Systems MV = Type of System RV = Mass of System: If (ss & mv) Then (et & predict) Compared to(ct) Because (Why, ss, mv & rv) Therefore

11 Data: Data Table Open System (Control Trial) Trial 1 2 Initial Mass to 0.01(g) Observations (Record below) Color Change? Chemical Reaction? Gas Production? 5. Other (ex: Bulb Pressure) Temperature Change? 5. Final Mass to 0.01(g) +/- Change in Mass to 0.1(g) Data Table Closed System (Experimental Trial) Trial 1 2 Initial Mass to 0.01(g) Observations (Record below) Color Change? Chemical Reaction? Gas Production? 5. Other (ex: Bulb Pressure) Temperature Change? 5. Final Mass to 0.01(g) +/- Change in Mass to 0.1(g) Analysis Questions: Was your hypothesis accepted or rejected? Explain why using quantitative (2) and qualitative (3+) dat

12 Perform a systems analysis for both the open system and closed system trials. Use the key to help and be sure to include specific labels to show your thinking. Key Green = Matter input Blue = Matter output Purple = Matter cycling Red = Energy input Orange = Energy output Figure Open System Yellow dashed = Yellow solid = Open system Closed system Figure Closed System

13 Use the open and closed system trial data above to explain how this experiment demonstrated the Law of Conservation of matter. Use data from both trials in your explanation. In your explanation, be sure to define the law of Conservation of Matter Put Unit Notes below as needed.