What s the Matter? An in depth look at matter.

Transcription

1 What s the Matter? An in depth look at matter.

2 What is a mixture? Examine the objects. Then sort them into at least three groups. Each item should be grouped with similar items. Think about each objects properties. Describe the differences between the unsorted handful and the sorted groups of objects. Then make a list of the characteristics of each sorted group.

3 The unsorted handful of objects represents a mixture. Your sorted group represents a substance. Using your observations, infer what the terms mixture and substance means.

4 As a matter of fact. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. All the stuff around you is matter you are matter too! List 3 examples of matter.

5 Chem 101 Matter can have many different properties, or characteristics. Matter can be hard or soft, hot or cold, rough or smooth..etc. Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes.

6 The properties and changes of any type of matter depend on its make-up. A substance is a single kind of matter that is pure, meaning it has a very specific composition (or makeup). i.e. Salt (always the same!) Blueberry pancake mix is NOT an example List 2 examples of a substance.

7 2 properties Every form of matter has two properties Physical properties Chemical properties

8 Physical A physical property is a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance. For example.freezing liquid water. Describing matter as a solid, liquid or gas is a physical property. Dissolvability (i.e. sugar and salt) Give one more example of a physical property.

9 Why are melting and freezing physical properties? How do you know that water is a pure substance? Compare and contrast a melting ice cube (like this one) to water freezing. Why are these properties physical?

10 Chemical A chemical property is a characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into other substances. You must try to change it to observe chemical properties A chemical property of methane gas is that it can catch fire and burn when it burns, it combines with oxygen in the air and forms new substances.

11 Chemical Another example? Ability to react iron can form rust New substances, new properties gases produced during baking create spaces in freshly made bread. What must you do in order to observe a chemical property of a substance?

12 Compare and Contrast Compare and contrast the differences between physical and chemical properties be sure to include examples of each.

13 Elementary My Dear Watson Ancient Greeks believed that everything was made of earth, fire, air and water it was a combination of one of those four This was believe for over 2000 years Chemists in the 1600 s discovered that there were over 100 elements---not just 4.

14 Elements An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means. Elements are the simplest substances Each element can be identified by its specific and chemical properties

15 Examples Aluminum Used to make foil, outdoor furniture Zinc Pennies are made from this Copper Used to cover pennies Oxygen Hydrogen Give another example of an element.

16 Periodic Table of the Elements Sorted by physical and chemical properties

17 Particles of Elements What is the smallest possible piece of matter? An atom is the basic particle from which all elements are made. Different elements have different properties because of these atoms We will learn more about the make up of atoms later

18 When atoms combine A chemical bond is formed when atoms combined, it is a force of attraction between two atoms. Atoms come together to form molecules groups of two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond. For example H 2 O Any other examples?

19 Making a model Atom vs. molecule Make a model of each Draw a picture Describe the differences between them

20 Compounds A compound is a pure substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio H 2 O = 2:1 CO 2 = 1:2 A compound is represented using a chemical formula shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms

21 When elements are chemically combined, they form compounds having properties that are different from those of uncombined elements i.e. : sulfur is yellow and silver is a shiny metal, but when they combine they form a black tarnish i.e. : carbon is black (coal) but table sugar C 12 H 24 O 11 has carbon and is white

22 Mixtures A mixture is made up of two or more substances elements, compounds or both. Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties. Also, the parts of a mixture are not combined in a set ratio

23 Heterogeneous Mixture In a heterogeneous mixture you can see the different parts. Soils, salads etc. Think of 2 more examples of a heterogeneous mixture.

24 Homogeneous Mixture In a homogeneous mixture the substances are so evenly mixed that you can t see the different parts. A solution is an example of a homogeneous mixture i.e. sugar water, air (nitrogen and oxygen), brass (copper and zinc) Think of 2 more examples of a homogeneous mixture