Chemistry Chapter 1 Test Review

Transcription

1 Chemistry Chapter 1 Test Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A chemical can be defined as a. a toxic substance. b. an unnatural additive placed in food. c. any substance that has a definite composition. d. any substance that is not alive. 2. Inorganic chemistry is the study of a. non-carbon related compounds. b. the chemistry of living things. c. mathematical modeling. d. the identification of the composition of materials. 3. Biochemistry is the study of a. properties, changes, and relationships between energy and matter. b. the chemistry of living things. c. crystals and minerals. d. carbon-containing compounds. 4. Organic chemistry is the study of a. properties, changes, and relationships between energy and matter. b. the chemistry of living things. c. crystals and minerals. d. carbon-containing compounds. 5. Technological development often occurs a. by accident. b. long after the basis research is complete. c. in order go learn basic information. d. only to make money. 6. Basic research is usually performed a. to develop new products. b. to understand an environmental problem. c. to gain knowledge. d. to solve a particular problem. 7. Applied research is carried out in order to a. to solve a particular problem. b. by accident. c. to learn basic information. d. in order to make money. 8. Which of the following is an extensive property of matter? a. melting point c. volume b. boiling point d. density 9. Which of the following is an intensive property of matter?

2 a. amount of energy c. volume b. density d. mass 10. The two most important properties of all matter are a. the ability to carry an electric current well and to hold electric charge. b. taking up space and having mass. c. being brittle and hard. d. being malleable and ductile. 11. An atom is a. the smallest unit of matter that maintains its chemical identity. b. the smallest unit of a compound. c. always made of carbon. d. smaller than an electron. 12. A compound is a. a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances. b. a substance, made of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded, that can be broken down into simpler, stable substances. c. the smallest unit of matter that maintains its chemical identity. d. any substance, whether it is chemically bonded or not. 13. A measure of the quantity of matter is a. density. c. volume. b. weight. d. mass. 14. Matter includes all of the following except a. air. c. smoke. b. light. d. water vapor. 15. A true statement about mass is that a. mass if often measured with a spring scale. b. mass is expressed in pounds. c. as the force of Earth's gravity on an object increases, the object's mass increases. d. mass is determined by comparing the mass of an object with a set of standard masses that are part of a balance. 16. A student recorded the following while completing an experiment. Color of substance: yellow, shiny powder Effect of magnet: yellow, shiny powder was attracted The student should classify the substance as a(n) a. element. c. mixture. b. compound. d. plasma. 17. Which of the following is not a physical change? a. grinding c. boiling b. cutting d. burning 18. Which of the following is not a chemical change? a. rusting c. melting b. igniting d. burning 19. A chemical change occurs when

3 a. dissolved minerals solidify to form a crystal. b. ethanol is purified through distillation. c. salt deposits form from evaporated seawater. d. a leaf changes color in the fall. 20. A physical change occurs when a a. peach spoils. b. silver bowl tarnishes. c. bracelet turns your wrist green. d. glue gun melts a glue stick. 21. Noble gases are in Group 18, and are best known because they are a. unreactive. c. rare. b. excellent conductors. d. lanthanides. 22. Nitrogen monoxide and oxygen, both colorless gases, form a red-brown gas when mixed. Nitrogen monoxide and oxygen are called the a. products. c. synthetics. b. equilibria. d. reactants. 23. A state of matter in which a material has no definite shape but has a definite volume is the state. a. gas c. plasma b. liquid d. solid 24. Under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure, the particles in a gas are a. closely packed. b. very far from one another. c. held in fixed positions. d. unevenly distributed. 25. The liquid state of matter can be described as a. having definite shape and definite volume. b. having neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. c. having lost electrons owing to energy content. d. having a definite volume but not a definite shape. 26. A solid substance is a. always frozen regardless of its container. b. always a crystal regardless of its container. c. always the same shape regardless of its container. d. always losing particles regardless of its container. 27. Plasma is the fourth state of matter. In the plasma state a. atoms gain electrons. b. atoms lose electrons. c. atoms form molecules. d. atomic nuclei break down. 28. What happens to the energy in a substance when it changes state? a. It is destroyed. b. It is changed into matter. c. It changes form, but is neither destroyed nor increased. d. The energy remains unchanged.

4 29. Which part of the illustration below shows the particles in a heterogeneous mixture? a. a c. c b. b d. d 30. The only pure substance listed below is a. bread dough. c. vitamin C (ascorbic acid). b. vinegar (5% acetic acid). d. seawater. 31. A mixture is a. a combination of pure substances bonded chemically. b. any substance with a uniform composition. c. a blend of any two or more kinds of matter, as long as each maintains its own unique properties. d. any group of elements that are chemically bonded to one another. 32. If a mixture is uniform in composition, it is said to be a. homogeneous. c. heterogeneous. b. chemically bonded. d. a compound. 33. A homogeneous mixture is also called a. chemically bonded. c. a solution. b. a compound. d. a solute. 34. If a mixture is not uniform throughout, it is called a. homogeneous. c. chemically bonded. b. heterogeneous. d. a solution. 35. Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture? a. a gold ring c. granite b. seawater d. sucrose 36. Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture? a. air c. raw milk b. orange juice d. marble 37. All known chemical elements are organized into groups based on similar chemical properties in the

5 a. chemical chart. c. element table. b. periodic chart. d. None of the above 38. The vertical columns on the periodic table are called a. periods. c. groups. b. rows. d. elements. 39. The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called a. actinides. c. elements. b. families. d. periods. 40. It is easy to determine whether a substance is a metal if the substance is a. easy to break down into its components. b. very hard. c. very brittle. d. a good electrical and heat conductor. 41. A nonmetal is usually a. brittle. c. a good conductor. b. malleable. d. used to make jewelry. 42. Metalloids are often a. unreactive. c. lanthanides. b. semiconductors. d. from outer space. Completion Complete each statement. 1. The study of matter and changes that occur in matter best describes the science of. 2. A scientist is working to determine the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy of a newly discovered mineral. She is working in the field of chemistry. 3. A scientist is working to develop better dating methods for substances that contain carbon. He is working in the field of chemistry. 4. A team of scientists is working to discover how an enzyme affects blood cells in sheep. They are working in the field of chemistry. 5. A chemistry student is studying the formation of quartz crystals. She is studying chemistry. 6. A scientist is using mathematical models to isolate a new chemical process. He is working in the field of chemistry. 7. Two scientists are trying to determine the exact nature of the chemicals in a lava flow. They are working in the field of chemistry. 8. Basic research is performed to increase. 9. Applied research is often performed to find the answer to a particular.

6 10. Technological development is performed to better our. 11. In a bonfire, oxygen allows wood to combust, leaving behind ashes. In this process, oxygen and wood are the reactants, and ashes are the. 12. When examining a mineral, hardness and color are two of the properties used for identification. Hardness and color are examples of properties. 13. An apple turning brown after being cut is an example of a change. 14. The melting of butter is a change because it does not produce any new substances. 15. Iron and sulfur, when heated, form an iron sulfide that has different properties from either iron or sulfur. The formation of iron sulfide is an example of a change. 16. The oxygen in air causes iron to rust. Iron and oxygen are in this process, and rust is the product. 17. Some iron and sulfur are mixed together, then heated. When the result is cooled, the iron can no longer be separated from the sulfur with a magnet. The result of heating the mixture was the formation of a(n). 18. A sample of matter can be poured from container to container. It takes the shape of its container but only takes up a certain volume. Based on this information, the sample is in the state. 19. The particles of a substance in the are able to slide past each other. 20. Any substance with a definite composition is a. 21. Matter that has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape is in the state. 22. The two types of matter that are pure substances are and. 23. An alloy such as a gold ring is an example of a(n) mixture. 24. Gravel is an example of a(n) mixture. Use a periodic table to answer the following questions. 25. Find the name for the element whose symbol is Pb. 26. Find the name for the element whose symbol is Mg. 27. Find the name for the element whose symbol is H. 28. Find the name for the element whose symbol is P. 29. Find the name for the element whose symbol is Al.

7 30. Find the name for the element whose symbol is Bi. 31. Find the symbol for the element helium. 32. Find the symbol for the element tin. 33. Find the symbol for the element neon. 34. Find the symbol for the element iodine. 35. Find the symbol for the element chlorine. 36. In which period can you find the element iron? 37. In which period can you find the element gold? 38. In which period can you find the lanthanide series? 39. In which period can you find the actinide series? 40. In which group can you find the element lithium? 41. In which group can you find the element nickel? 42. In which group can you find the element neon? 43. In which group can you find the element carbon? 44. Find the symbol for the element argon. Short Answer 1. Explain why it is incorrect to assume that all chemicals are potentially dangerous or hazardous. Give two examples of chemicals that are necessary for human life. 2. Distinguish between mass and weight.

8 3. Explain why flammability and combustibility are chemical properties. 4. In one experiment, magnesium metal is melted. In a second experiment, magnesium metal is burned. Classify the change in each experiment as chemical or physical. Explain your reasoning. 5. Differentiate between the reactants and the products in the reaction represented by the equation copper + water copper(ii) oxide + hydrogen. 6. When water boils, steam forms. When vinegar and baking soda combine, carbon dioxide gas is released. Which change is physical, and which is chemical? How do you know? 7. Why can a gas fill the entire volume of its container? 8. Explain the difference between a pure substance and a homogeneous mixture. Use an example in your answer. 9. Name three ways that mixtures might be separated.

9 Use a periodic table to answer the following questions. 10. Identify as metal, nonmetal, or metalloid and give two physical properties for the element Sr. 11. Identify as metal, nonmetal, or metalloid and give two physical properties for the element I. 12. Identify as metal, nonmetal, or metalloid and give two physical properties for the elements in period four, Group 15. Essay 1. Compare and contrast solids, liquids, gases, and plasma by explaining the behavior of their particles. Draw models to illustrate your answer. 2. Use examples to show how the properties and classifications of elements change as you move across a period of the periodic table.