Science 20F Exam Review. Unit 1 Chemistry in Action

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1 Science 20F Exam Review Unit 1 Chemistry in Action - Covalent and ionic bonds (naming) - Counting electrons, protons and neutrons of atoms - Writing symbols and molecular formulae - The different groups of the periodic table - Valence electrons and how they combine in bonding - Law of conservation of mass (what is it? How can you relate that to real life application?) - Balancing chemical reactions - Types of reactions (6 types) - Acids and bases (properties, in biological systems, industrial processes) - Neutralization reactions - Lewis Dot structures and Bohr models Unit 2 Dynamics of an Ecosystem - Ecosystem, habitat, producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, autotrophs, heterotrophs, trophic levels, detritivores, decomposers, pyramid of numbers, biomass, pyramid of biomass, carrying capacity, density-dependent factors, density-independent factors, biological magnification - Photosynthesis, cellular respiration - What is bioaccumulation and explain its potential impact on consumers - What is carrying capacity? Be able to describge and explain with population curve - Factors that influence population (increase / decrease), ie. Density-dependent/density independent - Explain the carbon, and nitrogen cycle (biotic, abiotic factors, nitrogen fixation, nitrification, - Population changes (mortality (death rate), natality (birth rate), immigration, emigration) Unit 3 In Motion - displacement vs distance - scalar vs vector - position time graphs, velocity time graphs, displacement time graphs (be able to interpret them) - Calculations regarding: velocity, acceleration, distance, displacement, momentum, force, impulse, braking distance - Calculations from a graph: average velocity vs instantaneous velocity - Using slope to calculate average velocity - Conversion between m/s to km/hr - Newton s 3 laws and Galileo - Momentum and braking distance Unit 4 Weather Dynamics - How heat is transferred within atmosphere (Coriolis effect, prevailing winds, jet streams) - Solar radiation (convection, radiation, conduction) - Seasonal changes - Cloud structures (cumulus, stratus, cirrus, cumulonimbus) - Types of weather (sleet, hail, freezing rain) - Layers of atmosphere - Fronts (warm and cold) - Pressure systems (which one would cause precipitation) - Wind patterns (coriolis effect), Jet streams, - Ocean Currents (El nino, Labrador Currents) - Thunderstorms and tornadoes

2 Chemistry in Action 1) Where are the following groups on the periodic table? a) Halogens b) alkali metals c) alkaline earth metals d) noble gases 2) Where are the protons, electrons and neutrons located in an atom? 3) State the atomic number, the protons, electrons, neutrons, and the Lewis dot diagrams of the following: a) nitrogen b) potassium c) barium d) O e) Br f) Al 4) What are the differences between ionic and covalent bonding? 5) Are the following ionic or covalent? a) P 2 O 5 b) Ca(OH) 2 c) CaCl 2 d) Na 2 O e) CO 2 f) NO 2 g) carbon tetrachloride h) silicon dibromide i) magnesium oxide j) potassium nitrate k) potassium sulphate l) calcium chloride 6) Name the following ionic compounds: MgBr 2 KCl Al 2S 3 Mg 3P 2 Write the names for the following covalent compounds: P 4S 5 NO 2 SeF 6 Si 2Br 6 7) Name or write the formulae for the above compounds. 8) What type of reaction do the following represent? a) Mg + HCl MgCl 2 + H 2 b) C 4 H 10 + O 2 H 2 O + CO 2 c) CuO + H 2 Cu + H 2 O d) N 2 + H 2 NH 3 e) H 2 + Na 2 O Na + H 2 O f) HCl + Ca(OH) 2 CaCl 2 + H 2 O g) CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2 h) H 2 + O 2 H 2 O

3 9) Balance the above equations 10) In chemical equations, what do we call the compounds on the left side of the arrow? The ones on the right side? 11) What is a combustion reaction? What are the products of such a reaction? 12) Classify the following as acid, base or salt: a) HCl b) Ba(OH) 2 c) NH 3 d) NaOH e) CH 3 COOH f) H 2 SO 4 g) Ca(OH) 2 h) H 3 PO 4 i) Al(OH) 3 j) H 2 S 13) Name the above compounds. 14) What is a neutralization reaction? What are the products? 15) What salt is made in the following neutralization reactions? a) HNO 3 + CsOH b) LiOH + H 2 S c) H 3 PO 4 + NaOH d) HNO 3 + Cr(OH) 3 e) HBr + NaNO 3 Dynamics of an ecosystem Define the following terms and be able to give an example of each: Ecosystem, Ecology, Abiotic, Biotic, Autotrophs, Heterotrophs, Carnivores, Omnivores, Herbivores, Food chain, Decomposer, Detrius, Habitat, Trophic Level, Primary/Secondary/Tertiary Consumers, Scavengers, Pyramid of Energy, Pyramid of Numbers, Pyramid of Biomass, Carry Capacity, Density-dependent factors, density independent factors, eutrophication Describe how energy is transferred from organism to organism in a food chain. Explain the difference between a pyramid of numbers and a pyramid of biomass. What is carrying capacity and give an example. Use the example of DDT to explain the process of bioaccumulation. How might the elements in a living plant become part of the body of a living bear? What are two factors that can lead to an increase in population? What are sources of organic carbon? What is eutrophication? What is denitrification? Describe two human activities that affect the nitrogen cycle.

4 Why has the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere been steadily increasing since the mid-nineteenth century? How can changes in the carbon cycle affect Earth s climate What is DDT and how does DDT affect the animal populations through bioaccumulation? In Motion 1) On a position-time graph, what would the following look like? a. Forward motion b. Stopping c. Backwards motion d. Slow vs. fast motion 2) Mr.Yeung is driving to Neepawa 194km away. It takes Mr.Yeung 2 hours. What was Mr.Yeung s speed? 3) What distance is covered by a car travelling 140km/h for 50 minutes? 4) Convert the following: a. 100 km/h m/s b. 24 km/h m/s c. 60 km/h m/s d m/s km/h e. 560 m/s km/h f. 12 m/s km/h 5) On a position-time graph, how could you find the speed? 6) A football player starts on the 35 yard line and runs to the 50 yard line. He then turns and runs to the 40 yard line. a. What s his displacement? b. What s his total distance travelled? c. Draw a picture to support your answer. 7) What is a car s acceleration if it goes from 30 km/h to 100 km/h in 0.1 hr 8) A bicycle travels 72 km in 3 hour. A runner travels 800m in 80.3 seconds. Which is travelling faster and by how much? 9) How far will you go in 5 minutes travelling 40 km/h? 10) You are coasting on your rollerblades at 1.6 m/s and you decide to speed up. If you accelerate at 0.45 m/s 2 for 8 seconds, what s your final speed? 11) A car starts to go down a bridge at an acceleration of 2.6 m/s 2 for 8 seconds. It reaches a final speed of 27 m/s. What was the initial speed of the car before acceleration? 12) Briefly outline the contributions made by Aristotle, Galileo, and Newton to the study of motion. 13) What force is exerted by a 760 kg zamboni accelerating at 5km/h? 14) A crate of food is dropped from a Red Cross plane. The box accelerates at 9.8m/s 2 and is pulled by a 34N force. What is the mass of the crate? 15) A ping pong ball has a mass of 0.12kg and is accelerated at a rate of 34.9 m/s 2 when hit by a player. What force does the ping pong racket exert on the ball? 16) How do you convert between kg and grams?

5 17) What is the braking distance on dry concrete of a car travelling 70 km/h? 18) A truck is travelling at 93km/h on an icy highway. How far should the driver stay behind the car in front of him to avoid a collision? Weather dynamics Define the following: Weather, climate, Convection, radiation, conduction, corriolis effect, warm fronts, cold fronts, stationary fronts, sleet, hail, freezing rain, prevailing winds, jet stream, high pressure system, meteorology, air mass, What causes the seasonal changes on Earth? What causes the extreme climates of Winnipeg? Explain how violent storms could erupt from two air masses. (Identify them both) What causes precipitation? What are high and low pressure systems? What is the corriolis effect?

1. Explain how do determine the number of protons in an atom. Look at the element on the periodic table the atomic number is the number of protons.

Ms. W FINAL EXAM REVIEW KEY: 20F Science CHEMISTRY PROBLEMS 1. Explain how do determine the number of protons in an atom. Look at the element on the periodic table the atomic number is the number of protons.