Science 9 Midterm Study Guide

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1 Science 9 Midterm Study Guide Name 1. What are the atomic mass units for protons, neutrons, and electrons? 2. What is the atomic number? 3. What is the mass number? 4. What particles are in equal numbers in a neutral atom? 5. How is the number of protons determined? 6. How is the number of neutrons determined? 7. In a neutral atom, what two particles are equal to each other? 8. What subatomic particles are located in the nucleus? 9. How many electrons can be found in the first energy level of an atom? 10. How many electrons can be found in the second energy level of an atom? 11. What is the electron arrangement for a neutral atom? How many are found in each shell? Complete the following diagrams and fill in the charts for each element. Use the periodic table as a reference How are isotopes different from other forms of the same element? Periodic Table : Tell what column /row each will be in 13. Which elements have one valence electron? 14. Which elements have two valence electrons? 15. Which elements have three valence electrons? 16. Which elements have four valence electrons? 17. Which elements have five valence electrons? 18. Which elements have six valence electrons? 19. Which elements have seven valence electrons? 20. Which elements have eight valence electrons?

2 21. Which elements are alkali metals? 22. Which elements are alkaline earth metals? 23. Which elements are halogens? 24. Which elements are noble gases? Identifying elements by period 25. Which elements have one electron shell? 26. Which elements have two electron shells? 27. Which elements have three electron shells? 28. Which elements have four electron shells? 29. Which elements have five electron shells? 30. Which elements have six electron shells? 31. Which elements have seven electron shells? 32. Which elements are metals? 33. Which elements are nonmetals? 34. Which elements are metalloids? 35. Which elements are transition metals? 36. Draw the electron configuration for the following: a. Potassium c. Aluminum b. Lithium d. Carbon 37. Draw the ionic bonds between the following. Make sure to draw the Lewis Dot structures. Which ones are the anions and cations: a. Sodium & Potassium b. Lithium & Chlorine 38. Write the formulas for the following compounds. Magnesium chloride Magnesium nitride Copper (II) nitride Titanium(III) oxide 39. Using the Periodic Table, give the following information for the element Nitrogen: 1. of protons 2. of neutrons 3. of valence electrons 4. of electron shells 5. Metal or non-metal? 6. Symbol of the element with the next highest atomic number 7. Name of the chemical family containing Nitrogen 8. Name of another element in the same family with Nitrogen 9. Name of another element in the same period with Nitrogen

3 40. Calculate the formula mass for the following formulas. H 2 SO 4 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 of atoms Mass for of atoms Mass for 2NaC 4 H 5 O 6 HC 2 H 3 O The following are isotopes. Fill in the chart according to the element in the chart, not the Periodic Table in the book! Atomic # Mass # # Protons # Neutrons Most common element?

4 Types of chemical reactions Synthesis Decomposition A + B AB AB A + B Single Replacement Double Replacement AB + C CB + A AB + CD CB + AD Components of a chemical reaction A. Matter a. Identify products in a chemical equation b. Identify reactants in a chemical equation c. Reactants Products B. Energy Exothermic reactions More energy is released than is needed to continue the reaction Reactants have more energy than products Energy is released to the surroundings Would feel warm Endothermic reactions Less energy is released than is needed to continue the reaction Products have more energy than reactants Energy is absorbed from the surroundings Would feel cold 42. Which is a stronger acid: an acid with a ph of 4.2 or 5? 43. What types of reactions involve breaking of chemical bonds and heat being released? 44. The exothermic reaction has energy by the reaction. 45. The endothermic reaction has energy _ by the reaction. 46. This reaction is cold to the touch. 47. This reaction is warm/hot to the touch. 48. Tell what kind of reactions are the following (synthesis, decomposition, etc): a. CaCl 2 + Na 2 CO 3 CaCO 3 + 2NaCl b. HC 2 H 3 O 2 + NaHCO 3 NaC 2 H 3 O 2 + H 2 O + CO 2 c. NaCl Na + Cl 2 d. NaOH + HCl H 2 O + NaCl e. K + Cl 2 KCl

5 f. K + AgCl Ag + KCl g. KOH + HNO 3 H 2 O + KNO 3 h. Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + Ca(OH) 2 Al(OH) 3 + CaSO 4 i. Na 2 O + CO 2 Na 2 CO 3 j. Pb(NO 3 ) 2 + 2HCl 2PbCl 2 + 2HNO 3 k. Ca + 2HCl CaCl 2 +H Use the chart to figure out which is an acid and which is a base: Neutral Litmus Red Litmus Paper Blue Litmus Paper Paper Red Red Red Red Blue Neutral Red Red not tested Blue Blue Blue Red Blue Neutral Blue Blue Not tested Acid or Base?? Acids Bases A) Molecules- covalent bonding B) Contain more H + ion than plain water C) Taste sour D) Neutralize bases E) React with metals to form a salt and hydrogen F) Results of color indicators 1. Red litmus- red 2. Blue litmus- red 3. Phenolphthalein- clear G) ph below 7 A) Ionic bonding B) Contain more OH - ion than plain water C) Taste bitter D) Neutralize acids E) Formed when metals react with water F) Results of color indicators 1. Red litmus- blue 2. Blue litmus- blue 3. Phenolphthalein- pink G) ph above For the following elements, tell what noble gas it would want to become. Ca: Selenium: Phosphorous: Boron:

6 51. Draw the electron dot diagram and then tell if it would give up or take on electrons to get a full shell. Also tell what charge it would have (positive or negative and how much ex: +2) Mg P Cl Br 52. Write the correct formula for each of the following compounds. 1) Cesium fluoride (cesium & fluorine) 4) Strontium nitride (strontium & nitrogen) 2) Potassium oxide (potassium & oxygen) 5) Aluminum bromide (aluminum & bromine) 3) Rubidium nitride (rubidium & nitrogen) 6) Aluminum iodide (aluminum & iodine) Different solutions of NaOH were added to a test solution of HCL until the HCL was neutralized. These are the results. Solution NaOH HCl (Solution A) B 15 drops 30 drops C 6 drops 30 drops D 45 drops 30 drops E 30 drops 30 drops 53. Which solution contained the most OH _ ions? A B C D or E? 54. Phenolphthalein was the indicator used. Students stopped adding drops when the solution was: a) clear b) pink c) green d) blue 55. As the HCl began to be neutralized, its ph number a) stayed the same b) moved away from 7 c) moved closer to 7 d) moved closer to What is the difference between a chemical and physical change? 57. 2H 2 CO 3 + 2NaOH Na 2 CO 3 + 2H 2 O For the equation above, put a circle around the subscripts and a square around the coefficients.

Physical Science Study Guide

Name: Class: Date: Physical Science Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Mendeleev arranged the known chemical elements in a table