UNIT 5.1. Types of bonds
|
|
- Thomas Fields
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 UNIT 5.1 Types of bonds
2 REVIEW OF VALENCE ELECTRONS Valence electrons are electrons in the outmost shell (energy level). They are the electrons available for bonding.
3 Group 1 (alkali metals) have 1 valence electron
4 Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) have 2 valence electrons
5 Group 13 elements have 3 valence electrons
6 Group 14 elements have 4 valence electrons
7 Group 15 elements have 5 valence electrons
8 Group 16 elements have 6 valence electrons
9 Group 17 (halogens) have 7 valence electrons
10 Group 18 (Noble gases) have 8 valence electrons, except helium, which has only 2
11 Transition metals ( d block) have 1 or 2 valence electrons
12 Lanthanides and actinides ( f block) have 1 or 2 valence electrons
13 DOT NOTATIONS An atom s valence electrons can be represented by Lewis dot notations. 1 valence e - 2 valence e - 3 valence e - 4 valence e - X X X X 5 valence e - 6 valence e - 7 valence e - 8 valence e - X X X X
14 DOT NOTATIONS PERIOD 2 Lewis dot notations for the valence electrons of the elements of Period 2. lithium beryllium boron carbon Li Be B C nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon N O F Ne
15 BONDING Atoms seldom exist as independent particles. They usually combine with other atoms to form compounds A chemical bond hold atoms together Electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of atoms Bonds will form if the compound is more stable than the individual atoms (potential energy decreases)
16 ELECTRONEGATIVITY In a chemical bond, one atom will pull on the electrons more than the other one Electronegativity measure the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a compound Fluorine has the highest electronegativity value = 4.0 The closer an atom is to fluorine the higher its electronegativity (the more pull it has on electrons)
17 TYPES OF BONDS Metallic (metals): attraction of nuclei to sea of electrons Ionic (metal/nonmetal): transfer of electrons to form ions- big electroneg. difference so one atom is strong enough to take an electron Covalent (2 nonmetals): share electrons- small electroneg. difference so one atom isn t strong enough to take an electron so instead they share electrons Remember the most stable configuration is when atoms have 8 electrons in their highest shell (octet rule) except Hydrogen and Helium
18 PRACTICE Label as ionic, covalent, or metallic bonding A. NaF B. CaBr 2 C. H 2 S D. Al 2 O 3 E. Cu A. ionic B. ionic C. covalent D. ionic E. metallic F. covalent F. NO 3
19 METALLIC BONDING Strong forces of attraction are responsible for the high melting point of most metals.
20 METALLIC BONDING The chemical bonding that results from the attraction between metal cations and the surrounding sea of electrons Vacant p and d orbitals in metal's outer energy levels overlap, and allow outer electrons to move freely throughout the metal Valence electrons do not belong to any one atom (sea of e - or delocalized e - or mobile e - )
21 Metals are bonded to themselves with metallic bonding Fe, Cu, Na You ll also see metallic bonding in alloys
22 METAL ALLOYS
23 PROPERTIES OF METALS Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Any substance can conduct electricity if there are charged particles that are free to move around
24 PROPERTIES OF METALS Metals are malleable Metals are ductile Metals have luster High melting and boiling points The higher the melting or boiling point-the stronger the bond because the bond needs to be broken to melt or boil These properties are all due to the mobile electrons
25 UNIT 5.2 Ionic bonding
26 CLASS STARTER 1. Label as ionic, covalent, or metallic a. CO 2 b. MgBr 2 c. H 2 O d. Fe e. AlN 2. Why do metals conduct electricity? 3. Find the charge of each as an ion a. N b. Ba c. O d. Al
27 IONIC BONDING
28 THE OCTET RULE IONIC COMPOUNDS Ionic compounds form so that each atom, by gaining or losing electrons, has an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level. Metals lose electrons to form positively-charged cations Nonmetals gains electrons to form negativelycharged anions
29 IONIC BONDING: THE FORMATION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE Sodium has 1 valence electron Chlorine has 7 valence electrons An electron transferred gives each an octet Na: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1 Cl: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5
30 IONIC BONDING: THE FORMATION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE This transfer forms ions, each with an octet: Na + 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 Cl - 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6
31 IONIC BONDING: THE FORMATION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE The resulting ions come together due to electrostatic attraction (opposites attract): Na + Cl - The net charge on the compound must equal zero
32 Metal Monatomic Cations Ion name Lithium Li + Lithium Sodium Na + Sodium Potassium K + Potassium Magnesium Mg 2+ Magnesium Calcium Ca 2+ Calcium Barium Ba 2+ Barium Aluminum Al 3+ Aluminum
33 Nonmetal Monatomic Anions Ion Name Fluorine F - Fluoride Chlorine Cl - Chloride Bromine Br - Bromide Iodine I - Iodide Oxygen O 2- Oxide Sulfur S 2- Sulfide Nitrogen N 3- Nitride Phosphorus P 3- Phosphide
34 IONIC COMPOUNDS Compounds are always neutral Formula units show the smallest whole number ratio of atoms so that the charges balance out. Even though ions are formed, we do not show the charges because they balance out. Calcium + fluorine Ca 2+ and F - CaF 2
35 EXAMPLES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS MgCl 2 Na 2 O Al 2 S 3 Magnesium chloride: Magnesium loses two electrons and each chlorine gains one electron Sodium oxide: Each sodium loses one electron and the oxygen gains two electrons Aluminum sulfide: Each aluminum loses two electrons (six total) and each sulfur gains two electrons (six total)
36 PRACTICE Write the formula for each Strontium and oxygen Aluminum and chlorine Cesium and sulfur Aluminum and nitrogen Aluminum and oxygen Barium and oxygen Silver and phosphorus Calcium and chlorine Aluminum bromine SrO AlCl 3 Cs 2 S AlN Al 2 O 3 BaO Ag 3 P CaCl 2 AlBr 3
37 IONIC COMPOUNDS The formula for ionic compounds does not show the exact number of atoms that are bonded together. A lattice or network of ions are formed and the formula tells the smallest whole number ratio of atoms that bond.
38 SODIUM CHLORIDE CRYSTAL LATTICE Ionic compounds form solid crystals at ordinary temperatures. Ionic compounds organize in a characteristic crystal lattice of alternating positive and negative ions. All salts are ionic compounds and form crystals.
39 PROPERTIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS Structure: Crystalline solids (brittle) Melting point: Generally high Boiling Point: Electrical Conductivity: Solubility in water: Generally high Excellent conductors, molten and aqueous Generally soluble
40 COVALENT BONDING Unit 5.3
41 CLASS STARTER 1. List two properties of ionic compounds 2. Which of the following will conduct electricity a. Solid Mg b. solid NaF c. liquid NaF 3. Write the formula when the following bond a. Magnesium + oxide b. sodium + nitride c. Aluminum + cyanide d. zinc + nitrite 4. Which of the following are salts? a. Solid Mg b. CO 2 c. KCl
42 THE OCTET RULE AND COVALENT COMPOUNDS Covalent compounds tend to form so that each atom, by sharing electrons, has an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level. Covalent compounds involve atoms of nonmetals only. The term molecule is used exclusively for covalent bonding
43 MOLECULES Molecules are neutral groups of atoms held together by covalent bonds. A molecular formula tells the exact number of atoms in the molecule CH 4 has exactly 1 carbon atom bonded to 4 hydrogen atoms H 2 O has exactly 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
44 COVALENT BONDING Bonding models for methane, CH 4. Models are NOT reality. Each has its own strengths and limitations.
45 PROPERTIES OF MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS Nonconductors (no ions) Low melting and boiling points ( Usually gases at room temperatures) This is because when melting or boiling, the covalent bond doesn t break, the molecules are pulled apart (not the atoms) and molecules are held together with weak attractions. It s very easy to pull molecules apart and therefore they are usually gases
46 DIATOMIC ELEMENTS Some elements will naturally bond to themselves to form a molecule in elemental form Hydrogen, nitrogen, fluorine, oxygen, iodine, chlorine, bromine (have no fear of ice clear beer) H 2, N 2, F 2, O 2, I 2, Cl 2, Br 2
47 THE OCTET RULE: THE DIATOMIC FLUORINE MOLECULE F F 1s 2s 2p Each has seven valence electrons 1s 2s 2p F F
48 THE OCTET RULE: THE DIATOMIC OXYGEN MOLECULE O O 1s 2s 2p Each has six valence electrons 1s 2s 2p O O
49 THE OCTET RULE: THE DIATOMIC NITROGEN MOLECULE N N 1s 2s 2p Each has five valence electrons 1s 2s 2p N N
50 COVALENT BONDS Bond length is the distance between atoms (potential energy is low) Bond energy is the energy needed to break the bond. Shorter bonds have higher bond energy (stronger)
51 An indication of bond strength and bond length Single bond: 1 pair of e- shared Ex: F 2 :F-F: Double bond: 2 pairs of e- shared Longest, weakest Ex: O 2 O=O Triple bond: 3 pairs of e- shared Ex: N 2 :N N: Shortest, strongest 51
52 POLARITY Covalent bonds can either be polar or nonpolar. nonpolar; the hydrogens share the electrons equally H 2 HF polar: fluorine pulls the electrons closer so they share the electrons unequally In a polar molecule, one end is partially positive and one is partially negative (Dipole) s + s - + H F or H F (vector points to neg. end) 52
Cartoon courtesy of NearingZero.net. Unit 3: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Cartoon courtesy of NearingZero.net Unit 3: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Bonds Forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function as a unit. Ionic bonds transfer of electrons
More informationIB Chemistry. Chapter 4.1
IB Chemistry Chapter 4.1 Chemical Bonds Atoms or ions that are strongly attached to one another Chemical bonds will form if potential energy decreases (becomes more stable) 2 Valence Electrons Valence
More informationChemistry Study Guide
Chemistry Study Guide Marking Period 3 Exam Week of 3/21/17 Study Guide due - When studying for this test, use your do nows, notes, homework, class handouts, and your textbook. Vocabulary Chapter 7 Anion
More informationWRITING CHEMICAL FORMULAS & NAMING COMPOUNDS
WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULAS & NAMING COMPOUNDS Electrons in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their valence shell Chemical bonds form between
More informationChemical Bonding. Comparison of Properties Ionic Compounds Covalent Compounds Metals
Chemical Bonding Comparison of Properties Ionic Compounds Covalent Compounds Metals Essential Questions Why/How do atoms combine with one another to form the vast array of chemical substances that exist?
More informationTypes of bonding: OVERVIEW
1 of 43 Boardworks Ltd 2009 Types of bonding: OVERVIEW 2 of 43 Boardworks Ltd 2009 There are three types of bond that can occur between atoms: an ionic bond occurs between a metal and non-metal atom (e.g.
More informationIonic and Metallic Bonding
Ionic and Metallic Bonding 7.1 Ions BONDING AND INTERACTIONS Essential Understanding electrically charged. Ions form when atoms gain or lose valence electrons, becoming Lesson Summary Valence Electrons
More informationCovalent Bonding. In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons
In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. They are monatomic - consist of single atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons To form ionic compounds Some elements share
More informationPeriodic Table Workbook
Key Ideas: The placement or location of elements on the Periodic Table gives an indication of physical and chemical properties of that element. The elements on the Periodic Table are arranged in order
More informationChapter 6. Chemical Bonding
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Section 6.1 Intro to Chemical Bonding 6.1 Objectives Define chemical bond. Explain why most atoms form chemical bonds. Describe ionic and covalent bonding. Explain why most chemical
More informationLesson 1: Stability and Energy in Bonding Introduction
Lesson 1: Stability and Energy in Bonding Introduction Chemical bonding is the simultaneous attraction of two positive nuclei to negative electrons. Chemical bonding is said to be the glue that holds particles
More informationHonors Chemistry - Unit 4 Bonding Part I
Honors Chemistry - Unit 4 Bonding Part I Unit 4 Packet - Page 1 of 8 Vocab Due: Quiz Date(s): Test Date: UT Quest Due: Bonding Vocabulary: see separate handout assignment OBJECTIVES: Chapters 4-8 Be able
More informationScientists learned that elements in same group on PT react in a similar way. Why?
Unit 5: Bonding Scientists learned that elements in same group on PT react in a similar way Why? They all have the same number of valence electrons.which are electrons in the highest occupied energy level
More informationBonding Practice Exam
Bonding Practice Exam Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. halide ion e. valence electron b. octet rule f. coordination number c. ionic bond g. metallic bond d. electron dot structure
More informationChapter 7. Ionic & Covalent Bonds
Chapter 7 Ionic & Covalent Bonds Ionic Compounds Covalent Compounds 7.1 EN difference and bond character >1.7 = ionic 0.4 1.7 = polar covalent 1.7 Electrons not shared at
More informationNAME: DATE: CLASS: Chapter Metallic Bonding
Chapter 7 7.3 Metallic Bonding Ionic & Metallic Bonding 1. LESSON REVIEW Use the diagram of metallic bonding to answer the following questions. 1. What is the name of the model of metallic bonding that
More informationChemical Bonding. Section 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding. Section 2 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds
Chemical Bonding Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Section 2 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds Section 3 Ionic Bonding and Ionic Compounds Section 4 Metallic Bonding Section
More informationChapter 6. Preview. Objectives. Molecular Compounds
Section 2 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds Preview Objectives Molecular Compounds Formation of a Covalent Bond Characteristics of the Covalent Bond The Octet Rule Electron-Dot Notation Lewis Structures
More informationThe Structure of Matter:
The Structure of Matter: How atoms form compounds and Chemical Bonding This information is found in Chapter 6 Sections 1 & 3. 1 Compounds Are formed when two or more elements combine (or compounds combine)
More informationIonic bonds occur between a metal and a nonmetal. Covalent bonds occur between two or more nonmetals. Metallic bonds occur between metal atoms only.
Ionic bonds occur between a metal and a nonmetal. Covalent bonds occur between two or more nonmetals. Metallic bonds occur between metal atoms only. Using chemical equations to show ionization: Na Na +
More informationELECTRONS. Construct your own electron dot diagram Choose one element & drag the correct number of VALENCE Br electrons around it.
Ch. 6 - Chemical Bonds Chemical reactivity depends on electron configuration. Remember the Stable Octet rule: when the highest energy level occupied is filled with electrons (8 electrons for most atoms),
More informationIntroduction to Chemical Bonding
Chemical Bonding Introduction to Chemical Bonding Chemical bond! is a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together Why are most
More informationCHAPTER 8 Ionic and Metallic Bonds
CHAPTER 8 Ionic and Metallic Bonds Shows the kind of atoms and number of atoms in a compound. MgCl 2 NaCl CaCO 3 Al 2 O 3 Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Chemical Formulas Al: Cl: counting atoms AlCl 3 Pb: N: O: Pb(NO
More informationChapter 6. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Chemical Bond
Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Chemical Bond Section 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Lesson Starter Imagine getting onto a crowded elevator. As people squeeze into the confined space, they come in
More informationChapter 6. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Chemical Bond
Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Chemical Bond Section 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Lesson Starter Imagine getting onto a crowded elevator. As people squeeze into the confined space, they come in
More informationCh 6 Chemical Bonding
Ch 6 Chemical Bonding What you should learn in this section (objectives): Define chemical bond Explain why most atoms form chemical bonds Describe ionic and covalent bonding Explain why most chemical bonding
More informationNOTES: Unit 4: Bonding
Name: Regents Chemistry: Mr. Palermo Student Version NOTES: Unit 4: Bonding Name: 1. Ion 2. Positive/Negative ion 3. Stable Octet 4. Diatomic Molecules 5. Electronegativity 6. Ionic Bond 7. Covalent Bond
More informationBonding Mrs. Pugliese. Name March 02, 2011
Bonding Mrs. Pugliese Name March 02, 2011 1. Atoms of which element have the greatest tendency to gain electrons? 1. bromine 3. fluorine 2. chlorine 4. iodine 2. Which polyatomic ion contains the greatest
More informationIonic and Covalent Bonds
Ionic and Covalent Bonds Section #2 Downloadable at: http://tekim.undip.ac.id/staf/istadi Compounds: Introduction to Bonding The noble gases - helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe),
More informationCovalent Bonding. In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons
In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. They are monatomic - consist of single atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons To form ionic compounds Some elements share
More informationIonic Bonds. H He: ... Li Be B C :N :O :F: :Ne:
Ionic Bonds Valence electrons - the electrons in the highest occupied energy level - always electrons in the s and p orbitals - maximum of 8 valence electrons - elements in the same group have the same
More informationIonic and Covalent Bonds
Ionic and Covalent Bonds Downloaded at http://www.istadi.net Section #2 1 2 1 Compounds: Introduction to Bonding The noble gases - helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon
More informationCartoon courtesy of NearingZero.net. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Cartoon courtesy of NearingZero.net Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Big Ideas in Unit 6 How do atoms form chemical bonds? How does the type of a chemical bond influence a compounds physical and
More informationIonic Bonding Ionic bonding occurs when metals and nonmetals trade one or more electrons and the resulting opposite charges attract each other. Metals
Chemical Bonding Now that we know what atoms look like A very small (less than 0.001% of the volume) and massive (more than 99.99% of the mass) nucleus with protons (+) and neutrons (neutral) and electrons
More informationIONIC AND METALLIC BONDING
Name IONIC AND METALLIC BONDING Chem 512 Homework rint this sheet, answer the questions and turn it in as a HARD COY A. Matching Match each description in Column B with the correct term in Column A. Write
More informationCartoon courtesy of NearingZero.net. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Cartoon courtesy of NearingZero.net Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Chemical Bonds Forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function as a unit. 3 Major Types: Ionic bonds transfer
More informationThe Periodic Table & Formation of Ions
The Periodic Table & Formation of Ions Development of the Periodic Table Mendeleev: Considered to be the father of the periodic table Arranged elements by increasing atomic mass Placed elements with similar
More informationIonic and Covalent Bonds
Chapter 6 Lecture Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds 6.1 Ions: Transfer of Electrons Learning Goal Write the symbols for the simple ions of the representative elements. Fifth Edition Octet Rule An
More informationCovalent Bonding. a. O b. Mg c. Ar d. C. a. K b. N c. Cl d. B
Covalent Bonding 1. Obtain the number of valence electrons for each of the following atoms from its group number and draw the correct Electron Dot Notation (a.k.a. Lewis Dot Structures). a. K b. N c. Cl
More informationUnit 3 - Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Unit 3 - Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Chemical bond - A mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together 6-1 Introduction
More informationIonic Compounds 1 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2016
Ionic Compounds 1 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Ionic Compounds 2 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2016 3 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Elements and compounds Elements are made up of just one type of atom. Some elements exist
More informationChemistry Unit: Chemical Bonding (chapter 7 and 8) Notes
Name: Period: Due Date: 1-18-2019 / 100 Formative pts. Chemistry Unit: Chemical Bonding (chapter 7 and 8) Notes Topic-1: Review: 1. Valence electrons: The electrons in the outermost of an atom Valence
More informationBonding. Chemical Bond: mutual electrical attraction between nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms
Chemical Bonding Bonding Chemical Bond: mutual electrical attraction between nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms Type of bond depends on electron configuration and electronegativity Why do
More informationIonic and Metallic Bonding
Unit 5: Ionic and Metallic Bonding H 2 O Valence Electrons are? The electrons responsible for the chemical properties of atoms, and are those in the outer energy level. Valence electrons - The s and p
More informationTest Review # 4. Chemistry: Form TR4-5A 6 S S S
Chemistry: Form TR4-5A REVIEW Name Date Period Test Review # 4 Development of the Periodic Table. Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) prepared a card for each of the known elements listing the symbol, the atomic mass,
More informationChapter 6: Chemical Bonding
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding Learning Objectives Describe the formation of ions by electron loss/gain to obtain the electronic configuration of a noble gas. Describe the formation of ionic bonds between
More informationCHEMICAL BONDING COVALENT BONDS IONIC BONDS METALLIC BONDS
CHEMICAL BONDING COVALENT BONDS IONIC BONDS METALLIC BONDS Metallic Bonds How atoms are held together in solid metals. Metals hold onto their valence electrons very weakly. Think of them as positive ions
More informationTOPIC: Chemical Bonds
TOPIC: Chemical Bonds H O bond H a water molecule In elements and compounds, the atoms are held together by chemical bonds. Forming a bond makes an atom more stable, so atoms form as many bonds are they
More informationChemistry Bonding Packet Name: Hr: Page 1. Chemistry A Bonding. Updated 3/31/2017
Chemistry Bonding Packet Name: Hr: Page 1 Chemistry A Bonding 1 Chemistry Bonding Packet Name: Hr: Page 2 Worksheet #1: Introduction to Ionic Bonds The forces that hold matter together are called chemical
More information2.c. Students know salt crystals, such as NaCl, are repeating patterns of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic attraction.
2a. Students know atoms combine to form molecules by sharing electrons to form covalent or metallic bonds or by exchanging electrons to form ionic bonds. 2.c. Students know salt crystals, such as NaCl,
More informationColumn B 5. periodic table a. A vertical column of elements in the
Unit 4 Assignment Packet Name Period: A1: The Periodic Table: Organizing the Elements A. periodic table B. metals C. nonmetals D. periods E. alkali metals F. halogens G. columns H. periodic law I. alkaline
More informationWhat is Bonding? The Octet Rule. Getting an Octet. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Shapes. (Chapter Three, Part Two)
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Shapes (Chapter Three, Part Two) What is Bonding? Bonding describes how atoms interact with each other in an attractive sense. There are three types of bonding: Ionic bonding
More informationBonding Practice Problems
NAME 1. When compared to H 2 S, H 2 O has a higher 8. Given the Lewis electron-dot diagram: boiling point because H 2 O contains stronger metallic bonds covalent bonds ionic bonds hydrogen bonds 2. Which
More informationUnit Five Practice Test (Part I) PT C U5 P1
Unit Five Practice Test (Part I) PT C U5 P1 Name Period LPS Standard(s): --- State Standard(s): 12.3.1 Short Answers. Answer the following questions. (5 points each) 1. Write the electron configuration
More informationOrganizing the Periodic Table
Organizing the Periodic Table How did chemists begin to organize the known elements? Chemists used the properties of the elements to sort them into groups. The Organizers JW Dobereiner grouped the elements
More informationOften times we represent atoms and their electrons with Lewis Dot Structures.
They are trying to get their number of valence electrons to either 0 or 8. Group 1: 1 valence electron Group 2: 2 valence electrons Group 13: 3 valence electrons Group 14: 4 valence electrons Group 15:
More informationUnit Six --- Ionic and Covalent Bonds
Unit Six --- Ionic and Covalent Bonds Electron Configuration in Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonds Bonding in Metals Valence Electrons Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element s atoms Examples
More informationHow many valence electrons are in an atom of magnesium?
How many valence electrons are in an atom of magnesium? 1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 4. 5 2 3 4 5 How many dots around a silicon atom in a Lewis Dot? 1. 2 2. 4 3. 6 4. 8 2 4 6 8 What is the charge on the strontium ion?
More informationUNIT 3: CONCEPTS OF CHEMICAL BONDING. Chapter Chapter
UNIT 3: CONCEPTS OF CHEMICAL BONDING Chapter 8.1-8.7 Chapter 2.5-2.7 UNIT 3.1 Chapter 8.1, 8.2 2 CHEMICAL BONDS Atoms or ions that are strongly attached to one another Chemical bonds will form if potential
More informationElectron Configuration in Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonds Bonding in Metals
Electron Configuration in Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonds Bonding in Metals Valence Electrons Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element s atoms Examples Mg: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 2 valence e
More informationCHEMICAL BONDING [No one wants to be alone] The Marrying of Atoms (AIM)
CHEMICAL BONDING [No one wants to be alone] The Marrying of Atoms (AIM) Associate Degree in Engineering Prepared by M. J. McNeil, MPhil. Department of Pure and Applied Sciences Portmore Community College
More informationPeriodic Table & Families
Periodic Table & Families Mendeleev s Table (1871) While it was the first periodic table, Mendeleev had very different elements, such as the very reactive potassium and the very stable copper, in the same
More informationNotes: Covalent Bonding
Name Chemistry Pre-AP Notes: Covalent Bonding Period The main focus of this unit is on the covalent bond; however, we will briefly treat the ionic and metallic bond as well. I. Chemical Bonding Overview
More informationUNIT 8: CHEMICAL FORMULAS AND NOMENCLATURE CHEMISTRY 215, DUFFEY
UNIT 8: CHEMICAL FORMULAS AND NOMENCLATURE CHEMISTRY 215, DUFFEY BIG IDEAS o 7.1 Ion formation - o 7.2 Ionic bonding - o 7.4 Metallic bonding - o 8.1 & 8.2 Covalent bonding - CHEMICAL BONDING o The purpose
More informationChapter 7 Ionic and Metallic Bonding
Chapter 7 Ionic and Metallic Bonding 7.1 Ions 7.2 Ionic Bonds and Ionic 7.3 Bonding in Metals 1 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. CHEMISTRY & YOU Where does table
More informationPart I Assignment: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
Chapter 11 The Periodic Table Part I Assignment: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table Use your periodic table and your new knowledge of how it works with electron configurations to write complete
More informationWhat are covalent bonds?
Covalent Bonds What are covalent bonds? Covalent Bonds A covalent bond is formed when neutral atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. Covalent Bonds Covalent bonds form between two or more non-metal
More informationChapter 5 Review/Practice Test
Chapter 5 Review/Practice Test Name Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Electrons involved in bonding between atoms are a. closest to the nucleus.
More informationA covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between atoms of two non-metal elements.
Bonding, Structure and properties Atoms can be held together by chemical bonds. When atoms form bonds, they can achieve a stable electron arrangement (full outer electron shell). To achieve a stable electron
More informationPhysical Science Study Guide
Name: Class: Date: Physical Science Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Mendeleev arranged the known chemical elements in a table
More informationChemical Bonds I. Why Atoms Combine
Chemical Bonds I. Why Atoms Combine Chemical Formula Chemical Bond Stability What is a compound? What does the word compound mean in this sentence? I have a compound fracture in my leg. What is a compound?
More informationChapter 5 BONDING AND MOLECULES
Chapter 5 BONDING AND MOLECULES How Do Atoms Combine to Form Compounds? (5.1) Chemical bonds: a force of attraction between atoms or ions. Octet Rule: atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order
More informationBonding in Chemistry. Chemical Bonds All chemical reactions involve breaking of some bonds and formation of new ones where new products are formed.
CHEMICAL BONDS Atoms or ions are held together in molecules or compounds by chemical bonds. The type and number of electrons in the outer electronic shells of atoms or ions are instrumental in how atoms
More information5.1 How Atoms Form Compounds. compound chemical formula molecule chemical bond ionic bond valence covalent bond
5.1 How Atoms Form Compounds compound chemical formula molecule chemical bond ionic bond valence covalent bond What is a compound? 5.1 How Atoms Form Compounds A compound is a pure substance that contains
More informationFormation of Ions. Ions formed when atoms gain or lose valence e - to achieve a stable octet
Ionic Bonding Formation of Ions Ions formed when atoms gain or lose valence e - to achieve a stable octet Cation Positively charged ion Forms when atom loses electrons Anion negatively charged ion Forms
More informationLewis Dot Symbols. The Octet Rule ATOMS TEND TO GAIN, LOSE, or SHARE ELECTRONS to ATTAIN A FILLED OUTER SHELL of 8 ELECTRONS.
Chapter 9, Part 1 Models of Chemical Bonding Recall Chapter 2: Chemical bonds hold atoms together in a compound. transfer of electrons, forming cations and anions, results in ionic bonding sharing of electron
More informationCHAPTER 12: CHEMICAL BONDING
CHAPTER 12: CHEMICAL BONDING Problems: 1-26, 27c, 28, 33-34, 35b, 36(a-c), 37(a,b,d), 38a, 39-40, 41-42(a,c), 43-58, 67-74 12.1 THE CHEMICAL BOND CONCEPT chemical bond: what holds atoms or ions together
More informationUnit 3. Atoms and molecules
Unit 3. Atoms and molecules Index. s and compounds...2.. Dalton's Atomic theory...2 2.-The atom...2 3.-Atomic number and mass number...2 4.-Isotopes, atomic mass unit and atomic mass...3 5.- configuration...3
More informationWhich statement best describes the energy change as bonds are formed or broken in this reaction?
1. Given the reaction: I 2 I + I Which statement best describes the energy change as bonds are formed or broken in this reaction? A) The forming of the I-I bond releases energy B) The forming of the I-I
More informationIdentify the five scientists that progressed atomic structure Illustrate each scientist s model of the atom
Semester Review What happens to electronegativity down a group? electrons for aluminum Identify the five scientists that progressed atomic structure Illustrate each scientist s model of the atom Circle
More informationA sample of carbon dioxide has a volume of 28.7 L and a mass of 52.5 g at 20 C. Determine the density of carbon dioxide at this temperature.
Semester Review A sample of carbon dioxide has a volume of 28.7 L and a mass of 52.5 g at 20 C. Determine the density of carbon dioxide at this temperature. 1.83 g/l Describe what defines an element s
More informationChemical Bonding CHAPTER 6. ONLINE Chemistry. Why It Matters Video
CAPTER 6 Chemical Bonding ONLINE Chemistry MDSciencecom SECTION 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding SECTION 2 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds SECTION 3 lonic Bonding and lonic Compounds SECTION
More informationThe Arrangement of Atoms in the Periodic Table
1 The Arrangement of Atoms in the Periodic Table [Material is from The Free High School Science Texts: Textbooks for High School Students Studying the Sciences Chemistry Grades 10 12. www.fhsst.org unless
More informationTest Review # 5. Chemistry: Form TR5-8A. Average Atomic Mass. Subatomic particles.
Chemistry: Form TR5-8A REVIEW Name Date Period Test Review # 5 Subatomic particles. Type of Particle Location Mass Relative Mass Charge Proton Center 1.67 10-27 kg 1 +1 Electron Outside 9.11 10-31 kg 0-1
More informationAtoms and Bonding. Chapter 18 Physical Science
Atoms and Bonding Chapter 18 Physical Science 2017-2018 Atoms and Bonding: Chemical Bonding The combining of atoms of elements to form new substances. Bonding of atoms determine a compound s properties.
More informationWhat does the word BOND mean to you?
Chemical Bonds What does the word BOND mean to you? Chemical Bond attractive force between atoms or ions in a molecule or compound. Formed by: transferring e - (losing or gaining) sharing e - What do you
More informationUNIT 4: Bonding CHEMICAL BONDS
UNIT 4: Bonding CHEMICAL BONDS A. Definition: B. Bonds form from the attraction between 1., or 2.. C. REVIEW 1. What part of the atom is involved in bonding? 2. Atoms bond to. What makes an atom stable?!
More information***Occurs when atoms of elements combine together to form compounds.*****
CHEMICAL BONDING ***Occurs when atoms of elements combine together to form compounds.***** Formation of compounds Involves valence electrons. PE is lower in bonded atoms. Attractive force that develops
More informationWhat are the rules for writing and naming stable ionic formulas?
1 1. Define electronegativity. a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons. 2. On the periodic table, where are the LEAST/MOST electronegative elements found? Least-Bottom
More informationChapter 6 Chemical Bonding
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Section 6-1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Chemical Bonds Valence electrons are attracted to other atoms, and that determines the kind of chemical bonding that occurs between
More information1. Demonstrate knowledge of the three subatomic particles, their properties, and their location within the atom.
1. Demonstrate knowledge of the three subatomic particles, their properties, and their location within the atom. 2. Define and give examples of ionic bonding (e.g., metal and non metal) and covalent bonding
More informationAtoms, molecules, bonding, periodic table
Atoms, molecules, bonding, periodic table Atoms Modern Atom Model Nucleus-Protons and Neutrons Electrons around nucleus, never know the true location Protons Positively charged In nucleus Neutrons Neutral
More informationalloys (p. 203) chemical formula (p. 195) coordination number (p. 198) electron dot structure (p. 188) formula unit (p. 195) halide ion (p.
7 Study Guide 7 Study Guide Study Tip Write and answer questions about the content of the chapter. For Chapter 7, you might ask the following questions, which require you to summarize the information contained
More informationPeriodic Table Practice 11/29
Periodic Table Practice 11/29 1. The arrangement of the elements from left to right in Period 4 on the Periodic Table is based on A) atomic mass B) atomic number C) the number of electron shells D) the
More informationFormula Writing. (nonmetals) METALS. oxidation number-number assigned to keep track of electron gain or loss. lose electron. gain electron anion
Formula Writing oxidation number-number assigned to keep track of electron gain or loss lose electron + cation METALS - gain electron anion (nonmetals) cation is written first anion is second positive
More informationIonic and Covalent Bonding
1. Define the following terms: a) valence electrons Ionic and Covalent Bonding the electrons in the highest occupied energy level always electrons in the s and p orbitals maximum of 8 valence electrons
More informationBonding Notes Types of bonds we will see:
Bonding Notes Types of bonds we will see: 1. Ionic 2. Covalent 3. Metallic 4. Intermolecular 5. The outermost electrons are the electrons 6. The outermost electron orbital is the. 7. Bonds always form
More informationUnit 3 - Part 1: Bonding. Objective - to be able to understand and name the forces that create chemical bonds.
Unit 3 - Part 1: Bonding Objective - to be able to understand and name the forces that create chemical bonds. Bonding: Key Terms to Know 1. Chemical formula 2. Molecular formula 3. Bond Energy 4. Bond
More informationChapter 4: Forces Between Particles
Chapter 4: Forces Between Particles NOBLE GAS CONFIGURATIONS An electronic configuration that is characterized by two electrons in the valence shell of helium and eight electrons in the valence shell of
More informationThere are two types of bonding that exist between particles interparticle and intraparticle bonding.
There are two types of bonding that exist between particles interparticle and intraparticle bonding. Intraparticle bonding describes the forces that exist within a particle such as a molecule or ionic
More information