a) Lithium Fluoride b) Water (dihydrogen monoxide)

Transcription

1 Science 10 Final Review Chemistry - Section 1: Atoms, Elements, and Bohr Diagrams 1) 2) What are some examples of a physical change? 3) What are four signs of a chemical change? 4) Draw Bohr diagrams for the following elements. Label each diagram and include the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. a) Potassium b) Oxygen c) Carbon d) Sodium 5) For the following compounds, use Bohr diagrams to show the complete electron transfer (for ionic compounds) or the complete electron sharing (for molecular compounds). a) Lithium Fluoride b) Water (dihydrogen monoxide) Section 2: Chemical Nomenclature (Naming) Write the formulas for the following simple ionic compounds: 1) Sodium bromide Na 1+ Cl 1- (criss-cross charges) NaCl 2) Barium sulfide 3) Radium phosphide 4) Lithium fluoride 5) Silver iodide Write the formulas for the following ionic compounds that include metals that make more that one charge: 1) Copper (I) phosphide Cu 1+ P 3- (criss-cross charges) Cu 3 P 2) Manganese (IV) oxide 3) Iron (V) telleride 4) Chromium (VI) selenide 5) Tin (IV) arsenide Write the formulas for the following ionic compounds that include polyatomic ions: 1) Sodium hydroxide Na 1+ OH 1- (criss-cross charges) NaOH 2) Potassium permangante 3) Lead (IV) chlorite 4) Calcium carbonate 5) Lithium sulfate Name the following simple ionic compounds: 1) CaO calcium (makes one charge) calcium oxide 2) LiF 3) NaCl 4) ZnCl 2 5) ZrF 4 Name the following ionic compounds (use roman numerals): 1) FeCl 2 iron (makes more than one charge) iron (II) chloride 2) Cr 3 P 2 3) SnI 2

2 4) CoN 5) FeCl 3 Name the following ionic compounds that include polyatomics: 1) Ca(OH) 2 calcium (one charge), OH 1- = hydroxide calcium hydroxide 2) Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 3) CoPO 4 4) Cu 2 SO 4 5) Mg(CN) 2 Write the formulas for the following molecular compounds (use prefixes): 1) Carbon disulfide 2) Dinitrogen monoxide 3) Dicarbon hexahydride 4) Carbon monoxide 5) Tetraphosphorus decaoxide Name the following molecular compounds: 1) N 2 O 5 2 nitrogens, 5 oxygens dinitrogen pentoxide 2) CS 2 3) CF 4 4) P 2 O 5 5) PN Balancing Chemical Reactions 1) Cu + O 2! CuO 2) H 2 + O 2! H 2 O 3) KCl! K + Cl 2 4) Mg + HNO 3! Mg(NO 3 ) 2 + H 2 Balance and classify each of the following reactions 1) Zn + Cl 2! ZnCl 2 Type:? 2) Cu + AgNO 3! Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + Ag Type:? 3) MgO! Mg + O 2 Type:? 4) CaCl 2 + Na 2 SO 4! CaSO 4 + NaCl Type:? 5) Ca + O 2! CaO Type:? 1. List the four ways to change the rate of a reaction and describe how they function. 2. For the following reactions: i. Write the balanced skeleton equation (Remember HOFBrINCl) ii. Indicate the type a. calcium chloride + fluorine! calcium fluoride + chlorine b. lithium sulfate + lead (II) nitrate! lithium nitrate + lead (II) sulfate c. Physics - Section 1: Conversions, Distance, and Speed 1. Use the average speed formula to solve for the unknown variable in the following. Report all speeds in km/h. a. d = 15.5 km t = 11.7 h v av =? [3 s.f.] b. d = 4300 m t = 165 min v av =? [2 s.f.] (First convert 4300 m! km; 165 min! h) 2. In the 1999 World Solar Car Challenge, the Queen s University Radiance car came second, completing the km course across Australia in a time of h. a. What was the average speed of the Radiance?

3 b. If in the years to come, the engineers at Queen s University managed to increase Radiance s average speed to 95 km/h, how long (hours) would it take Radiance to complete the km course? 3. Bill starts jogging down the road and 10 s later his younger brother, Mark, runs after him. The distance-time graph for both Bill (B) and Mark (M) is shown below. a. What is Bill s average speed? [Slope] b. What is Mark s average speed, from the time when he starts to run? c. At what distance does Mark catch up to Bill? d. How far is Mark ahead of Bill at the end of 30 s? Section 2: Acceleration 1. The Kingda Ka roller coaster in New Jersey reaches 203 km/h in 3.0 s. What is the average acceleration of the coaster in kilometres per hour per second? 2. An electric car accelerates from rest to 50.0 km/h in 8.20 s. a. What is the average acceleration of the electric car in kilometres per hour per second? b. Using your answer from part a), what time would the car take to accelerate from 40 km/h to 60 km/h? 3. A train is moving at 5.0 km/h and accelerates at 95 km/h 2 for 0.50 h. What is the final speed at the end of the 0.50 h? 4. Two runners, Cathryn and Keir, take part in a marathon. The graph shows their speeds change for the first 100 s from the start of the marathon. a. Calculate the average acceleration for both runners. [Slope of each line] b. Find the distance travelled by each after 100 s. [Area under each line] Section 3: Vectors, Displacement, and Velocity 1. Draw a vector to represent 20 km in each of the following directions. [Protractor & Ruler] a. 27º W of N b. 40º W of S 2. Lorraine steered her boat out of the harbor, heading east. She travelled 500 m to one buoy and then turned north and headed 300 m to another buoy. Draw scale diagrams to determine her resultant displacement vector. [Protractor & Ruler] 3. If it takes Cassie 3 s to run from the batters box to first base at an average velocity of 6.5 m/s [NE], what is her displacement?

4 4. A student travels 6.0 m [E] in 3.0 s and then 10.0 m [N] in 4.0 s. Calculate the student s average velocity. [Draw a vector diagram to determine the d R ] Section 4: Velocity and Vector Acceleration 1. From the graph, calculate the instantaneous velocity at 4.0 s [Draw a tangent line] 2. From the velocity time graph, where does the graph show: a. Positive acceleration b. Negative Acceleration c. No acceleration d. What is the velocity at 10.0 s? e. What is the final velocity? 3. A rabbit, eating in a field, scents a fox nearby and races off. It takes only 1.8 s to reach a top velocity of 7.5 m/s [N]. What is the rabbit s acceleration during this time? 4. A supertanker coming west into port started accelerating 2.0 h before arriving. If the ship slowed at 25 km/h 2 [E] before coming to a stop, what was the initial velocity? 5. A plane touches down on the runway travelling at 305 km/h [E]. If the plane takes 25 s to come to a complete stop, what is its vector acceleration? [East = positive, West = negative] Biology - Section 1: Food Webs Section 3: Biomes and Climate Change Definitions: Ecology Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors Population Community Ecosystem Sustainability Food Chain Producer Consumer Carnivore Herbivore Omnivore Decomposer Habitat Biodiversity

5 1. Given the following food chain: Plant (200000kg)! Grasshopper(10000kg)! Bird(2500kg)! Snake(1000 kg)! Owl(500kg) a. Identify the following: producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and 4 th consumers. b. Construct a pyramid of numbers, energy, and biomass. 2. Give the following food web: a. Identify the following: producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and 4 th consumers. b. Identify the carnivores and herbivores. c. Identify which trophic level each organism is in. Section 2: Cycles Terms to recognize: Water Cycle Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Carbon Cycle Photosynthesis Animal & Plant (cellular) respiration Ocean uptake Note: Study the diagrams and the basic steps of each cycle. Nitrogen Cycle Fixation Denitrification Phosphorus Cycle Short-term cycle Long-term cycle Section 3: Biomes and Climate Change 1. Name each of Canada s four biomes. Include the following information for each biome: a. Temperature (in qualitative terms; i.e. very low temperatures ) b. Precipitation (in qualitative terms; i.e. low precipitation ) c. Soil condition d. Name at least one species that lives in the particular biome. 2. Define climate. How does Earth regulate climate? 3. What are the two main greenhouse gases that provide Earth with insulation? 4. What is Global warming? What is the most immediate effect of global warming? 5. Is the human species causing or contributing to global warming? a. If yes, then how are we contributing to global warming? b. If no, then what is causing this serious spike in atmospheric CO 2 levels?