Nomenclature. metal can have more than one charge. metal charge is in the name non metal charge from periodic table

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1 Nomenclature Ionic Criss Cross Method metal nonmetal "ide" Covalent Prefix Method with NO criss crossing metal only has one charge Both charges come from periodic table metal can have more than one charge metal charge is in the name non metal charge from periodic table Polyatomic Ions Use chart on the back for names Put brackets around polyatomic ion for criss cross rule Reminder: An ionic compound is made of a metal and a non metal. Naming IONIC compounds 1. Name the metal first, use its regular name 2. Name the non-metal second, change the ending of its name to ide CaBr 2 calcium bromide Al 2 S 3 aluminum sulphide K 2 O potassium oxide

2 Writing IONIC formulas There is a short cut we can use to find chemical the formulafor an ionic compound: The "Criss Cross Rule". 1. Write the symbol for the ions including charges as superscripts. 2. Criss cross only the number part of the charges, and write them as subscripts for the ions. 3. If the subscripts can be reduced to a lower multiple, do so. a) lithium chloride b) magnesium oxide LiCl MgO c) calcium sulphide d) aluminium iodide CaS AlI 3 e) barium fluoride f) sodium nitride BaF 2 Na 2 S

3 *Some metals can form more than one type of ion. They are called polyvalent and the charge of the metal will be wrien in the name (as roman numerals in brackets). Roman Numeral 1 I Number 2 II 3 III 4 IV 5 V 6 VI Name of element Symbol Ionic charges Roman numeral Copper Cu 1+, 2+ I, II Iron Fe 2+, 3+ II, III Lead Pb 2+, 4+ II, IV Tin Sn 2+, 4+ II, IV Nickel Ni 2+, 3+ II, III Silver Ag 1+ Not needed Gold Au 1+, 3+ I, III Mercury Hg 1+, 2+ I, II EXAMPLES Copperforms two completely different compounds when it reacts with Chlorine because it has two ionic charges (1+ and 2+) We can use the Criss cross Method to write out the formulas when Copper reacts with Chlorine for both ionic charges Copper (I) chloride Copper (II) chloride CuCl CuCl 2 Lead (IV) sulfide Iron (II) phosphide PbS 2 Fe 3 P 2 We will write our first nomenclature quiz (10 marks) tomorrow!

4 POLYATOMIC IONS A polyatomic ionis a group of atoms that act as a single ion. The group of atoms carries an overall charge All IONIC nomenclature rules still apply NAMING COMPOUNDS CONTAINING POLYATOMIC IONS Write the name of the metal ion first, followed by the name of the polyatomic ion EXAMPLES: Na 2 SO 4 Li 2 CO 3 Fe(OH) 2 (NH 4 ) 3 N sodium sulphate lithium carbonate iron hydroxide ammonium nitride

5 WRITING FORMULAS WITH POLYATOMIC IONS Use the sameformat as was used for simple ionic compounds If you have to use more than one copy of a polyatomic ion in a compound, you must place brackets around the polyatomic ion before adding the subscript Brackets are only used with polyatomic ions EXAMPLE: aluminum carbonate potassium phosphate Al(CO 3 ) 3 K 3 PO 4 calcium nitrate Ca(NO 3 ) 2 sodium hydroxide NaOH iron (II) hydroxide copper (I) carbonate Fe(OH) 2 Cu 2 CO 3 Writing Names for Molecular Compounds Rule 1: The name of the molecular compound ends in ide (like ionic compounds). Rule 2: Use the prefix to specify the number of atoms of each element. Rule 3: The prefix mono is only used with the nd 2 element. (If the 2 nd element is oxygen, the o is dropped. Similarly with oxygen, the a is dropped with tetra and penta.) PREFIX NUMBER mono 1 di 2 tri 3 tetra 4 penta 5 hexa 6 NO IONS... So no criss cross rule!

6 Example Name the following binary covalent compounds: CCl 4 P 3 F 4 P 2 Cl 4 S 3 Cl 2 PBr 3 carbon tetrachloride triphosphorus tetrafluoride diphosphorus tetrachloride trisulphur dichloride phosphorus tribromide Writing Formulas for Covalent Compounds Use the prefixes to tell you the number of each type of atom NO IONS... So no criss cross rule! DO NOT REDUCE TO LOWEST TERMS dinitrogen disulphide sulphur dichloride dicarbon dihydride phosphorus trifluoride N 2 S 2 SCl 2 C 2 H 2 PF 3

7 Diatomic Molecules There are some elements that ALWAYS exist as two atoms covalently bonded. They are: H 2 O 2 F 2 Br 2 I 2 N 2 Cl 2 These molecules are simply named as the element name with the word gas Cl 2 chlorine gas iodine gas I 2 Br 2 bromine gas hydrogen gas H 2

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