Name Period Date. 3. On a line graph, where is the dependent and independent variable?

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Clyde Bell
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1 Name Period Date Physical Science Review for the Milestone EOC Measurements & Graphing: 1. What tool would you use to measure the volume of a liquid? 2. Describe the meniscus and draw a picture to explain. 3. On a line graph, where is the dependent and independent variable? Atoms: 1. Boron has protons neutrons and electrons. Draw and label a model of a Boron atom. 2. There are 3 kinds of hydrogen: H-1(protium) H-2 (deuterium) and H-3 (tritium). Describe how this is possible and the name given to this example. 3. Use your periodic table to fill in the chart below. Remember that the mass number is the sum of the protons and neutrons. You must subtract the number of protons from the mass number to determine the number of neutrons. Element Atomic # # of Protons # of Electrons Mass Number # of Neutrons Mn Zn Ti Chemical Bonding: 1. What are valence electrons? 2. What is special about the elements in group 18 concerning their valence electrons? 3. What does the period numbers tell us? 4. What does the group numbers tell us?

2 5. Draw a Lewis Dot Diagram and Bohr model for each of the elements listed. Element Bohr Model Lewis Dot Diagram Lithium Chlorine Density: 1. What two variables affect density? 2. If an object has a mass of 11 g and a volume of 2 cm 3, what is the density? 3. If an object has a density of 3 g/cm 3 and a mass of 15 g, what is the volume? 4. Find the volume of a rectangular shaped box with the dimensions of 3 m x 2m x 1m. 5. A paperclip is placed on the surface of a glass of water and does not sink. Which of the following is an accurate description as to why? A. The paperclip s density is less than that of water, so the paperclip floats with most of its volume above the water. B. The paperclip s metallic perimeter acts as a surfactant, continuously sliding water under the paperclip and keeping the paperclip afloat. C. The paperclip s weight dimples the surface, and the surface s resistance to an increased area keeps the paperclip above the surface. D. The paperclip s shape traps air bubbles along its length, keeping it from sinking even though the paperclip has a density that is higher than water.

3 Naming Compounds: 1. Write the chemical formulas for the ionic compounds below. a. Sodium chloride b. Lithium oxide c. Magnesium nitride d. Magnesium oxide 2. Write the name of the following covalent bonds. a. N 2 O 2 b. CO c. CO 2 d. P 4 O What are the rules for naming ionic bonds? 4. How can you tell the difference between ionic bonds and covalent bonds? 5. Describe the difference between a cation and an anion.

4 Chemical Reactions: 1. Describe the difference between reactants and products. 2. According to the Law of the reactants must the products. 3. Determine if the questions below are balance or unbalanced. SiCl 4 2 Si + 2 Cl 2 2 NaBr 2 Na + Br 2 4. Classify the equations below as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, or double replacement and balance them KClO 3 KCl + O 2 HCl + NaOH NaCl + H 2 O Mg + 2HCl MgCl 2 + H 2 H 2 + O 2 Al + NiBr 2 H 2 O AlBr 3 + Ni

At what temperature does calcium chloride have a solubility of 80 g/ 100 g water? 6. You have a solution of sodium nitrate containing 90 g at 20º C.

5 Solubility: 1. Solubility of a substance can be increased by a. b. c. 2. If a solution is saturated, what does this mean? 3. Which substance s solubility changes the least from 0º C to 100º C? 4. What is the solubility of potassium nitrate at 20º C? 5. At what temperature does calcium chloride have a solubility of 80 g/ 100 g water? 6. You have a solution of sodium nitrate containing 90 g at 20º C. Is the solution saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated? 7. You have a solution of potassium chlorate containing 5 g at 65º C. How many additional grams of solute must be added to it, to make the solution saturated? Acids and Bases 1. List three things you know about an acid. 2. List three things you know about a base.

6 List the following ph measurements as either an acid, base, or neutral Give the ph of a weak acid a weak base 9. What can be done to neutralize an acid? Energy Transformations: 1. List five different types of energy. 2. Generators create energy from energy. 3. Energy cannot be created or destroyed according to the Law of. 4.,, are three ways that heat can be transferred. 5. List the method heat travels in the examples below. a. A rock warms up on a sunny day b. Warm air rises c. A metal pot gets hot sitting on a burner d. You touch a metal pot and get burned Force and Motion: 1. What two factors determine speed? 2. How is velocity different from speed? 3. If a car is traveling at a speed of 65 mph and travels for 3.5 hours. How far has it gone? 4. If a train is traveling for 350 miles with an average speed of 72 mph, what is the time for the entire trip?

7 5. What is acceleration? 6. What is an object doing if its acceleration is negative? 7. A car leaves a stop sign reaching a speed of 12 m/s in 10 sec. What is its acceleration? 8. A car goes from a speed of 50 m/s to 20 m/s over 4 sec. What is its acceleration? Newton s Laws: 1. Newton s first law tell us that 2. What is inertia? 3. The 2 nd law states that force = mass x acceleration. The more an object has the more needed to move it. 4. Draw a picture to explain Newton s 3 rd law: Action/reaction 5. Force is measured in. 6. The force needed to move an object with a mass of 100 kg and an acceleration of 5 m/s 2 is. Work and Machines 1. What is the formula for work? 2. Work is measured in. 3. An object with a mass of 40 newtons is lifted a distance of 3 meters. What amount of work is done?

8 4. A is a device that makes work easier by doing three things, such as a. b. c. 5. An inclined plane creates a mechanical advantage of 2. Normally, an object is lifted using 100 N. If it is pushed up the ramp, how much force is needed? 6. Find the mechanical advantage for each of the machines below. a. b. c.

9 3M Waves: 1. There are two types of waves, mechanical and electromagnetic. Complete the t-chart below to explain how they are different. Mechanical Waves Electromagnetic 2. Sound waves are waves and travel the fastest through (solid, liquid, gas) and slowest through a (s, l, g). 3. Electromagnetic waves are waves and travel fastest through (solid, liquid, gas) and slowest through a (s, l, g). 4. List the electromagnetic waves in order from lowest energy from highest energy. 5. Which electromagnetic waves are harmful to humans if exposed? 6. What do infrared waves give off? 7. List the spectrum of visible light from longest wavelength to shortest wavelength.

Phases of Matter: 1. What does the kinetic molecular theory state? 2. Fill in the corresponding state of matter below definite volume, but no definite shape; particles have medium K.E.

10 Phases of Matter: 1. What does the kinetic molecular theory state? 2. Fill in the corresponding state of matter below definite volume, but no definite shape; particles have medium K.E.; weak intermolecular forces definite volume and definite shape: particles have low K.E.; strong intermolecular forces no definite volume or definite shape; particles have high K.E. ; kinetic energy is greater than the attractive forces between the particles 3. What is the term for the phase change from a liquid to a gas? 4. What is the term for the phase change from a gas to a liquid? Use the graph below. 5. What is the relationship between volume and temperature? Circle one A direct relationship i.e. If temperature is high, volume is high An inverse relationship i.e. If temperature is high, volume is low

Use the graph below. 6. What is the relationship between volume and pressure? Circle one A direct relationship i.e. If volume is high, pressure is high An inverse relationship i.

Fill in the state of matter on the dotted lines and the phase change on the corresponding arrows in the phase

If you fill up a balloon with a small amount of air, then set it in direct sunlight, you will see the balloon

A weather balloon is sent up into the atmosphere. It s volume increases.

11 Use the graph below. 6. What is the relationship between volume and pressure? Circle one A direct relationship i.e. If volume is high, pressure is high An inverse relationship i.e. If volume is high, pressure is low 7. Fill in the state of matter on the dotted lines and the phase change on the corresponding arrows in the phase diagram. Condensing Freezing Boiling Melting Gas Solid Liquid 8. If you fill up a balloon with a small amount of air, then set it in direct sunlight, you will see the balloon expands. This expansion is due to an increase in volume, which results from. 9. A weather balloon is sent up into the atmosphere. It s volume increases. Explain why using what you know about the relationship between pressure & volume. 10. If a scuba diver rapidly ascends, air in the lungs could expand which could rupture lung tissue. This is due to pressure near the surface, which results in volume for gases.

12 The Periodic Table: 1. Who created the first periodic table? 2. What are the horizontal rows called on the periodic table? What are the vertical columns called? 3. Where are the metals located on the periodic table? Where are the nonmetals located? Where are the metalloids located? 4. What is the name of the metals in group 1? Why are they so reactive? 5. What is the name of the metals in group 2? Why are they not as reactive as the metals in group 1? 6. What is the name of nonmetals in group 17? How many electrons do they want to gain? 7. Why are the noble gases in group 18 unreactive? 8. Why are metalloids known as semiconductors?

8th GRADE PHYSICAL SCIENCE: 2nd SEMESTER EXAM OUTLINE

8th GRADE PHYSICAL SCIENCE: 2nd SEMESTER EXAM OUTLINE 1) Light is an wave. Electromagnetic LIGHT 2) Draw, label, and give an example of each section of the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio - Radios Micro The appliance in your house Infra- Thermal Visible What