Unit 1: Matter. Name: Pd:

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1 Name: Pd:

2 Vocab 1. Element 2. Atom 3. Compound 4. Formula 5. Mixture 6. Physical Change 7. Chemical Change 8. Chemical Reaction 9. Solid 10. Liquid 2

3 Vocab 11. Gas 12. Melting 13. Freezing 14. Vaporization 15. Evaporation 16. Boiling 17. Condensation 18. Sublimation 19. Ionic Bond 20. Covalent Bond 3

4 Vocab 21. Chemical Equation 22. Reactants 23. Products 24. Synthesis 25. Decomposition 26. Suspension 27. Solution 28. Colloid 29. Solvent 30. Solute 4

5 Vocab 31. Dilute Solution 32. Concentrated Solution 33. Saturated Solution 34. Unsaturated Solution 35. Supersaturated Solution 36. Acid 37. Base 38. ph Scale 39. Neutralization 40. Chemistry 5

In- Class Notes Objective 1.01: Classify Matter as Elements, Compounds, or Mixtures Two properties of Matter: 1. 2.

6 In- Class Notes Objective 1.01: Classify Matter as Elements, Compounds, or Mixtures Two properties of Matter: Each substance is. Chemistry Elements Compounds Ex: We use formulas - - Mixtures Made from Example: Diagrams of Elements, Compounds, Mixtures: 6

7 In- Class Notes Objective 1.02: Identify Phases of Matter by their Properties Solid Liquid: Liquid Solid: Liquid Gas: Gas Liquid: Solid Gas: Objective 1.03: Use a phase diagram to determine phases and phase changes Phase Diagram: 7

8 In- Class Notes Practice Problem #1 Draw a phase diagram where: Solid from - 15 C to 10 C Liquid from 10 C to 130 C Gas from 130 C and above Objective 1.04: Distinguish between physical and chemical properties and changes Physical Change Doesn t convert Examples: Chemical Change Also called a Examples: 8

9 In- Class Notes Objective 1.05: Identify the location, charge, and relative mass of the atomic particles Atoms Smallest part of an Characteristics of Atoms: Parts of an Atom Objective 1.06: Identify elements on the periodic table Refer to the Periodic Table for this Objective. 9

10 In- Class Notes Objective 1.07: Identify and describe metals, nonmetals, and metalloids on the periodic table The Periodic Table of the Elements Arranges elements in terms of Elements in columns have same Parts: o Groups / Families Metals Location: o Periods Physical Properties: o o o o Most metals are good meaning they transmit heat and energy well Examples: Nonmetals Location: Lack properties of metals (Most properties are of metals) o NOT malleable, ductile, hard, or shiny Families: o,,, Metalloids Location: Properties: Seven elements: o,, Most are (carry electricity under some conditions) 10

11 In- Class Notes Objective 1.08: Determine the number of atomic particles of elements on the periodic table Structure of an Atom Number of Protons = Number of Electrons = Number of Neutrons = But what about those numbers Practice Element Protons Neutrons Electrons Hydrogen Potassium Iodine Gold Fluorine Objective 1.09: Determine the valence electrons for any element on the periodic table Valence Electrons Electrons from the nucleus Complete Periodic Table Labeling 11

In- Class Notes Objective 1.10: Determine whether a pair of elements will bond ionically or covalently Ionic Bonds Between and Ex: Covalent Bonds Between and Ex: Between a and Ex: Objective 1.

12 In- Class Notes Objective 1.10: Determine whether a pair of elements will bond ionically or covalently Ionic Bonds Between and Ex: Covalent Bonds Between and Ex: Between a and Ex: Objective 1.11: Identify the parts of a chemical equation, including reactants and products REACTANTS PRODUCTS Objective 1.12: Identify the four types of chemical reactions 1. Synthesis You start with two elements and up with a compound Ex: 12

13 In- Class Notes 2. Decomposition You start with a compound and end up with two elements Ex: 3. Single Replacement You start with an element and a compound and end up with a different element and compound Ex: 4. Double Replacement You start with two compounds and end up with two different compounds Ex: Objective 1.13: Distinguish between solutions, suspensions, and colloids Solutions Same throughout Ex: Suspension This is usually done by or Ex: Colloid particles than solutions Ex: 13

14 In- Class Notes Objective 1.14: Identify the five different types of solutions 1. Dilute Solution: 2. Concentrated Solution: 3. Unsaturated Solution: 4. Saturated Solution: 6. Supersaturated Solution: Objective 1.15: Describe the solution process and factors that affect its rate Factors affecting solubility Temperature o For solids: Pressure o For gases: Type of Solvent o Objective 1.16: Identify acids and bases by their properties Properties of Acids Tastes Reacts with Turns litmus paper Examples of acids o o o Food o o Acid Rain (Nitric Acid) (Sulfuric Acid) (Ascorbic Acid) (Folic Acid) (Lactic Acid) 14

15 In- Class Notes Properties of Bases Tastes Feels Turns litmus paper Examples of bases o Cleaners o Health products o Food Measuring Acids/Bases using the ph Scale Objective 1.18: Determine the products of acid / base reactions Acid / Base Reactions When you combine an acid with a base, you always get: and Ex:

16 Atomic Structure Worksheet Fill in the blanks for the elements in this chart. For the purposes of this chart, round all atomic masses to the nearest whole number. Element Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Number of Electrons Atomic Mass Atomic Number lithium carbon chlorine silver lead calcium tantalum radium samarium uranium americium lawrencium 16

17 Chemical Equations Worksheet Part 1: Identifying the type of reaction, name the reactants and the products. Type of Reaction 1) Na3PO4 + 3 KOH 3 NaOH + K3PO4 2) MgF2 + Li2CO3 MgCO3 + 2 LiF 3) P4 + 3 O2 2 P2O3 4) 2 RbNO3 + BeF2 Be(NO3)2 + 2 RbF 5) 2 AgNO3 + Cu Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag 6) CF4 + 2 Br2 CBr4 + 2 F2 7) 2HCN + CuSO4 H2SO4 + Cu(CN)2 17

18 8) GaF3 + 3 Cs 3 CsF + 1 Ga 9) BaS + PtF2 BaF2 +PtS 10) N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3 11) 2 NaF + Br2 2 NaBr + F2 12) Pb(OH)2 + 2 HCl 2 H2O + PbCl2 13) 2 AlBr3 + 3 K2SO4 6 KBr + Al2(SO4) Na3PO4 + 3 CaCl2 6 NaCl + Ca3(PO4)2 15) 2 K + Cl2 2 KCl 18

19 16) 2 Al + 6 HCl 3 H2 + 2 AlCl3 17) N2 + 3 F2 2 NF3 18) SO2 + 2 Li2Se SSe2 + 2 Li2O 19

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22 Review 1. Water is an example of a(n): a. Element b. Mixture c. Solution d. Compound 2. Gold is an example of a(n): a. Element b. Compound c. Mixture d. Solution 3. When a substance goes from a solid to a gas, the process is called: a. Vaporization b. Condensation c. Sublimation d. Evaporation 4. What is the freezing point of water in C? a. 10 C b. 100 C c C d. 0 C 5. The vertical columns on the periodic table are called: a. groups b. families c. periods d. both a and b 6. The current periodic table has between elements. a b c d The nucleus of an atom is made of: a. protons and neutrons b. neutrons and valence electrons c. protons and electrons d. neutrons and electrons 8. The part of an atom that can move in order to bond with another atom is the: a. neutron b. electron c. nucleus d. proton 9. The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called: a. groups b. periods c. families d. periodic rows Identify each picture as an element, compound, or mixture

23 13. Put the following four changes in the correct category Rusting Bending Melting Burning Physical Changes Chemical Changes 14. Matching Symbol Atomic Number Atomic Mass Name Hydrogen H b gas melts liquid c a freezes 15. The phase / phase change present at letter a is. a. liquid b. solid c. gas d. vaporization 16. The phase / phase change present at letter b or c is. a. liquid / gas b. solid / liquid c. condensation / vaporization d. gas / solid 23

24 Complete the table Element Protons Neutrons Electrons 17. Sulfur 18. Calcium 19. Neon 20. Helium 21. Xenon 22. Which of the following is not a factor that affects solubility? a. temperature b. color c. stirring d. size of the solute particles 23. A solution with more solute than predicted by solubility is a solution. a. concentrated b. supersaturated c. saturated d. unsaturated 24. A range of values from 0 to 14 that expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions is the scale. a. oh b. Hp c. ph d. pho 25. An example of an indicator is: a. white office paper b. litmus paper c. construction paper d. cardboard 26. If you mix equal amounts of an acid (ph = 0) with a base (ph=14), the resulting solution will be: a. neutral b. basic c. acidic d. cannot be determined 27. To make an unsaturated solution into a supersaturated solution, you should: a. add more solvent b. add more solute c. stop stirring the solution d. add more solute and solvent 28. Which of the following ph values is most likely for a base? a. 1 b. 7 c. 5 d Rain that is more acidic than normal rain is. a. basic rain b. hyperacidic rain c. acid rain d. superacidic rain 30. Stirring a solution will make the solute dissolve more. a. slowly b. quickly c. accurately d. solvent 24

25 31. Put the following six substances into the appropriate category: Vinegar Hydrochloric Acid Lemons Household Cleaners Tums Sodium Hydroxide Acid Base 32. Give at least two examples for each of the following types of substances: Solutions Suspensions Colloids 33. Imagine a 10,000 seat stadium that is booked for a concert. Match the appropriate number of tickets sold to the type of solution most like that example. 10,000 tickets sold A. Dilute Solution 500 tickets sold B. Concentrated Solution 2,000 tickets sold C. Unsaturated Solution 12,000 tickets sold (standing room only) D. Saturated Solution 8,000 tickets sold E. Supersaturated Solution Identify the type of reaction 34. Na3PO4 + 3 KOH 3 NaOH + K3PO4 35. P4 + 3 O2 2 P2O RbNO3 + BeF2 Be(NO3)2 + 2 RbF AgNO3 + Cu Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag 38. CF4 + 2 Br2 CBr4 + 2 F2 39. N2 + 3 F2 2 NF Na3PO4 + 3 CaCl2 6 NaCl + Ca3(PO4)2 25

26 Tell if each bond is ionic or covalent Ionic / Covalent 41. NaBr 42. Be(OH)2 43. Li2S 44. SF6 45. PH3 46. SiO2 47. CaO 48. NH3 49. N2S 50. SO3 26

In a chemical reaction (or any ordinary change in matter physical or chemical)..

In a chemical reaction (or any ordinary change in matter physical or chemical).. WARM UP 2-6-17 Chemical Formulas/Equations ch. 14, p. 392-395 1) Finish the counting atoms worksheet you received at the end of class on Thursday. Then answer the questions below: 1) In ~1785, Antoine