Tuesday, September 13, 16
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- Osborne Williams
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Transcription
1
2 Weather
3 Weather State Objectives 4.c, 4.d, 4.h.
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5 Discussion What are some ways in which weather affects your everyday life?
6 Discussion What are some ways in which weather affects your everyday life?
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8 What is Weather?
9 What is Weather? Atmosphere layer of gases surrounding Earth.
10 What is Weather? Atmosphere layer of gases surrounding Earth. Weather is the conditions of the atmosphere. Temperature Air Pressure Humidity Wind Clouds Precipitation Main cause for changes in weather is energy from the sun.
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12 Layers of the Atmosphere
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14 Temperature
15 Temperature Indicates the amount of heat (kinetic energy) in the atmosphere.
16 Temperature Indicates the amount of heat (kinetic energy) in the atmosphere. Represents the speed of the molecules. The higher the temperature, the faster the air molecules are moving.
17 Temperature Indicates the amount of heat (kinetic energy) in the atmosphere. Represents the speed of the molecules. The higher the temperature, the faster the air molecules are moving. Warmer air rises and cooler air sinks which causes convection currents.
18 Temperature Indicates the amount of heat (kinetic energy) in the atmosphere. Represents the speed of the molecules. The higher the temperature, the faster the air molecules are moving. Warmer air rises and cooler air sinks which causes convection currents. Measured with a thermometer. Standard unit is Fahrenheit ( F) SI Unit is Celsius ( C)
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20 Convection in the Atmosphere
21 Convection in the Atmosphere
22 Convection in the Atmosphere
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24 Air Pressure/Barometric Pressure
25 Air Pressure/Barometric Pressure Air has weight because it has mass.
26 Air Pressure/Barometric Pressure Air has weight because it has mass. Air pressure is a measure of the force of air being exerted on a given area of Earth s surface. As temperature increases, pressure decreases. Cool air is more dense, which causes it to sink (high pressure). As altitude increases, air pressure decreases.
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28 Weather and Air Pressure
29 Weather and Air Pressure Changes in pressure indicated a change in weather is approaching. Low pressure systems are associated with clouds & precipitation. High pressure systems are associated with clear skies. Steady pressure indicates current conditions will continue.
30 Weather and Air Pressure Changes in pressure indicated a change in weather is approaching. Low pressure systems are associated with clouds & precipitation. High pressure systems are associated with clear skies. Steady pressure indicates current conditions will continue. Measured with a barometer
31 Weather and Air Pressure Changes in pressure indicated a change in weather is approaching. Low pressure systems are associated with clouds & precipitation. High pressure systems are associated with clear skies. Steady pressure indicates current conditions will continue. Measured with a barometer in inches of mercury or in millibars.
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33 Humidity
34 Humidity Amount of water vapor in the air.
35 Humidity Amount of water vapor in the air. Relative humidity is a percentage of the amount of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor it can hold at that temperature. The warmer the temperature the more water vapor it can hold. Saturated means the air is holding 100% of the water vapor it can hold at that temperature.
36 Humidity Amount of water vapor in the air. Relative humidity is a percentage of the amount of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor it can hold at that temperature. The warmer the temperature the more water vapor it can hold. Saturated means the air is holding 100% of the water vapor it can hold at that temperature. Measured with a hygrometer or a psychrometer.
37 Humidity Amount of water vapor in the air. Relative humidity is a percentage of the amount of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor it can hold at that temperature. The warmer the temperature the more water vapor it can hold. Saturated means the air is holding 100% of the water vapor it can hold at that temperature. Measured with a hygrometer or a psychrometer.
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39 Relative Humidity Chart
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41 Dew point
42 Dew point Dew is the water vapor that has condensed on a surface into a liquid. Depends on two factors: Amount of water vapor in the air (humidity) Temperature near the surface
43 Dew point Dew is the water vapor that has condensed on a surface into a liquid. Depends on two factors: Amount of water vapor in the air (humidity) Temperature near the surface Dew point is the temperature at which water vapor condenses into a liquid.
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45 Wind
46 Wind Caused by differences in air pressure Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
47 Wind Caused by differences in air pressure Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure Wind Speed Measure of how fast the air is moving. Measured with an anemometer.
48 Wind Caused by differences in air pressure Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure Wind Speed Measure of how fast the air is moving. Measured with an anemometer. Wind Direction Direction from which the wind is coming, NOT the direction it is blowing Ex. North winds blow from N to S Measured with a wind vane.
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50 Global Wind Patterns
51 Global Wind Patterns Blow steadily across Earth in paths that are thousands of kilometers long Steer weather in certain directions (usually west to east in the U.S.)
52 Global Wind Patterns Blow steadily across Earth in paths that are thousands of kilometers long Steer weather in certain directions (usually west to east in the U.S.) Caused by thermal energy from the sun The sun does not heat the surface evenly causing uneven heating of the atmosphere.
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54 Global Winds
55 Global Winds
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57 Types of Global Winds Surface winds at low altitudes: Trade winds: blow from east to west near the equator. Westerlies: blow from west to east in the mid-latitudes. Coriolis Effect: Earth s rotation causes winds to curve to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
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59 Coriolis Effect
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61 Types of Global Winds Jet streams at high altitudes are bands of strong winds (up to 350 km/h) near the top of the troposphere at the northern and southern boundaries of the prevailing westerlies. Race from west to east
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63 Clouds
64 Clouds Clouds form when air rises, cools, and condenses. They are classified according to their height and shape.
65 Clouds Clouds form when air rises, cools, and condenses. They are classified according to their height and shape.
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67 Precipitation
68 Precipitation Precipitation occurs when drops of water or crystals of ice become too large to be suspended in a cloud and fall in the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail.
69 Precipitation Precipitation occurs when drops of water or crystals of ice become too large to be suspended in a cloud and fall in the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail.
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71 The Water Cycle
72 The Water Cycle Earth s surface is about 70% water and it exists in all three states.
73 The Water Cycle Earth s surface is about 70% water and it exists in all three states. The water cycle is the constant movement of water on Earth.
74 The Water Cycle Earth s surface is about 70% water and it exists in all three states. The water cycle is the constant movement of water on Earth. The Sun provides the energy for the water cycle.
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76 Parts of the Water Cycle
77 Parts of the Water Cycle 1. Evaporation occurs when water changes from a liquid into a gas after gaining heat energy from the Sun.
78 Parts of the Water Cycle 1. Evaporation occurs when water changes from a liquid into a gas after gaining heat energy from the Sun. 2. Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the leaves of plants.
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80 Parts of the Water Cycle
81 Parts of the Water Cycle 3. Condensation occurs when water vapor changes into liquid water to form clouds or fog.
82 Parts of the Water Cycle 3. Condensation occurs when water vapor changes into liquid water to form clouds or fog. 4. Precipitation occurs when water droplets fall to Earth.
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84
85 What is an Air Mass?
86 What is an Air Mass? An air mass is a large body of air that develops over a particular region.
87 What is an Air Mass? An air mass is a large body of air that develops over a particular region. It has characteristics of the area over which it develops.
88 What is an Air Mass? An air mass is a large body of air that develops over a particular region. It has characteristics of the area over which it develops. Cold, dry air masses come from Canada and warm, dry air masses develop over Mexico.
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90 Air Masses
91 Air Masses
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93 Air Mass Locations
94 Air Mass Locations
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96 Fronts
97 Fronts A front is a boundary between two air masses.
98 Fronts A front is a boundary between two air masses. When two fronts meet, the cold air mass will move under the warm air mass because the cold air is more dense.
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100 Types of Fronts
101 Types of Fronts 1. A cold front forms when a cold air mass pushes under a warm air mass. Cumulus clouds form and thunderstorms may occur.
102 Types of Fronts 1. A cold front forms when a cold air mass pushes under a warm air mass. Cumulus clouds form and thunderstorms may occur. 2. A warm front forms when a warm air mass moves up and over a cold air mass. Cirrus and stratus clouds form and light, steady precipitation occurs.
103 WARM FRONT COLD FRONT
104 Warm and Cold Fronts WARM FRONT COLD FRONT
105 Warm and Cold Fronts WARM FRONT COLD FRONT
106 Warm and Cold Fronts WARM FRONT COLD FRONT
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108 Types of Fronts
109 Types of Fronts 3. A stationary front forms when a warm air mass meets a cold air mass but neither advances.
110 Types of Fronts 3. A stationary front forms when a warm air mass meets a cold air mass but neither advances. 4. An occluded front forms when a fastmoving cold air mass overtakes a slower warm air mass. Weather is similar to, but less severe than, the weather along a cold front.
111 STATIONARY OCCLUDED
112 Stationary and Occluded STATIONARY OCCLUDED
113 Stationary and Occluded STATIONARY OCCLUDED
114 Stationary and Occluded STATIONARY OCCLUDED
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116 Meteorologists
117 Meteorologists A scientist that studies the weather & uses the data to make predictions about weather. Observe patterns & create weather maps
118 Meteorologists A scientist that studies the weather & uses the data to make predictions about weather. Observe patterns & create weather maps A weather forecast is a prediction of present conditions based on observations and data.
119 Meteorologists A scientist that studies the weather & uses the data to make predictions about weather. Observe patterns & create weather maps A weather forecast is a prediction of present conditions based on observations and data.
120 Meteorologists A scientist that studies the weather & uses the data to make predictions about weather. Observe patterns & create weather maps A weather forecast is a prediction of present conditions based on observations and data.
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122 Satellite map: allow meteorologists to monitor weather on the global scale
123 Weather Maps Satellite map: allow meteorologists to monitor weather on the global scale Radar Map: uses electromagnetic waves to monitor velocity and altitude.
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125 Types of Maps
126 Types of Maps
127 Types of Maps
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129 Weather Map Symbols
130 Weather Map Symbols
131 HIGH PRESSURE SYMBOL LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM
132 Weather Map Symbols HIGH PRESSURE SYMBOL LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM
133 Weather Map Symbols HIGH PRESSURE SYMBOL LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM
134 Weather Map Symbols HIGH PRESSURE SYMBOL LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM
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136 Severe Weather
137 Severe Weather
138 Severe Weather Thunderstorms: brief, intense storms produced by rapidly rising clouds. cumulonimbus (thunderheads) - vertical clouds that may be over four miles tall. They form where cold air forces warm air to rise quickly. May produce hail Lightning is huge electrical discharges.
139 Severe Weather Thunderstorms: brief, intense storms produced by rapidly rising clouds. cumulonimbus (thunderheads) - vertical clouds that may be over four miles tall. They form where cold air forces warm air to rise quickly. May produce hail Lightning is huge electrical discharges. A tornado is a violent, whirling wind that moves in a narrow path over land.
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141 TORNADOES!!!!!!
142 TORNADOES!!!!!!
143 TORNADOES!!!!!!
144 TORNADOES!!!!!!
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146 TORNADO DAMAGE!!!!
147 TORNADO DAMAGE!!!!
148 TORNADO DAMAGE!!!!
149 TORNADO DAMAGE!!!!
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151 Watches and Warnings
152 Watches and Warnings A watch is issued when conditions are favorable for severe weather to occur.
153 Watches and Warnings A watch is issued when conditions are favorable for severe weather to occur. A warning is issued when severe weather has been sighted.
154 Watches and Warnings A watch is issued when conditions are favorable for severe weather to occur. A warning is issued when severe weather has been sighted. The National Weather Service monitors weather and issues watches and warnings when appropriate.
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156 What is a Hurricane?
157 What is a Hurricane? A hurricane is a low-pressure system that forms over tropical oceans.
158 What is a Hurricane? A hurricane is a low-pressure system that forms over tropical oceans. Also called typhoons or tropical cyclones.
159 What is a Hurricane? A hurricane is a low-pressure system that forms over tropical oceans. Also called typhoons or tropical cyclones. Named for the Mayan god Hurakan who blew his breath across the water.
160
161 Disturbances, Depressions, and
162 Disturbances, Depressions, and A tropical disturbance is an area of organized convection that originates in the tropics. It has no eye or rotation.
163 Disturbances, Depressions, and A tropical disturbance is an area of organized convection that originates in the tropics. It has no eye or rotation. A tropical depression is a cyclone that has a maximum wind speed of 38 mph.
164 Disturbances, Depressions, and A tropical disturbance is an area of organized convection that originates in the tropics. It has no eye or rotation. A tropical depression is a cyclone that has a maximum wind speed of 38 mph. A tropical storm has a wind speed between 39 mph and 73 mph.
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166 Conditions Required for Hurricane Formation
167 Conditions Required for Hurricane Formation Warm ocean waters of at least 80 F.
168 Conditions Required for Hurricane Formation Warm ocean waters of at least 80 F. High humidity in the troposphere.
169 Conditions Required for Hurricane Formation Warm ocean waters of at least 80 F. High humidity in the troposphere. An atmosphere that quickly cools with altitude.
170 Conditions Required for Hurricane Formation Warm ocean waters of at least 80 F. High humidity in the troposphere. An atmosphere that quickly cools with altitude. A distance of at least 300 miles from the equator.
171 Conditions Required for Hurricane Formation Warm ocean waters of at least 80 F. High humidity in the troposphere. An atmosphere that quickly cools with altitude. A distance of at least 300 miles from the equator. A surface system with convergent winds.
172 Conditions Required for Hurricane Formation Warm ocean waters of at least 80 F. High humidity in the troposphere. An atmosphere that quickly cools with altitude. A distance of at least 300 miles from the equator. A surface system with convergent winds. Low wind shear. Wind shear is the rate of wind speed or direction change with altitude.
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174 Hurricane Formation
175 Hurricane Formation
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177 Parts of a Hurricane
178 Parts of a Hurricane The eye is the circular area of calm, relatively light winds at the center of a hurricane. It is the area of lowest pressure.
179 Parts of a Hurricane The eye is the circular area of calm, relatively light winds at the center of a hurricane. It is the area of lowest pressure. The eyewall is the ring surrounding the eye that contains the highest wind speeds.
180 Parts of a Hurricane The eye is the circular area of calm, relatively light winds at the center of a hurricane. It is the area of lowest pressure. The eyewall is the ring surrounding the eye that contains the highest wind speeds. Rainbands are bands of heavy rain that spiral outward from the storm s center.
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182 Parts of a Hurricane
183 Parts of a Hurricane
184 Parts of a Hurricane
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186 Where Hurricanes Form
187 Where Hurricanes Form
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189 When Hurricanes Occur
190 When Hurricanes Occur The Atlantic hurricane season lasts from June 1- November 30.
191 When Hurricanes Occur The Atlantic hurricane season lasts from June 1- November 30. These dates include about 97% of hurricanes.
192 When Hurricanes Occur The Atlantic hurricane season lasts from June 1- November 30. These dates include about 97% of hurricanes. Most occur from August to October.
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194 When Hurricanes Occur
195 When Hurricanes Occur
196
197 Tracking Hurricanes
198 Tracking Hurricanes Hurricanes can be tracked using satellites, radar (near land), and hurricane hunters.
199 Tracking Hurricanes Hurricanes can be tracked using satellites, radar (near land), and hurricane hunters. Hurricane Hunters is the nickname of the 53 rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron of the Air Force Reserve. They are based in Biloxi, Mississippi.
200 Tracking Hurricanes Hurricanes can be tracked using satellites, radar (near land), and hurricane hunters. Hurricane Hunters is the nickname of the 53 rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron of the Air Force Reserve. They are based in Biloxi, Mississippi. Gathers data including wind direction and speed, pressure, temperature, and humidity from the planes altitude to the water s surface.
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202 Paths of Hurricanes
203 Paths of Hurricanes Depends on where the hurricane forms.
204 Paths of Hurricanes Depends on where the hurricane forms. Trade winds cause hurricanes to move west near the equator.
205 Paths of Hurricanes Depends on where the hurricane forms. Trade winds cause hurricanes to move west near the equator. As hurricanes move north, they begin to turn back to the east after the 30N latitude line.
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207 Hurricane Paths
208 Hurricane Paths
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210 Hurricane Ike
211
212 Effects of Hurricanes
213 Effects of Hurricanes High winds
214 Effects of Hurricanes High winds Heavy rain and flooding
215 Effects of Hurricanes High winds Heavy rain and flooding Tornadoes after landfall
216 Effects of Hurricanes High winds Heavy rain and flooding Tornadoes after landfall Storm surge is the rising wall of water that comes ashore with a hurricane. It causes the most damage and is responsible for 90% of deaths.
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218 Storm Surge
219 Storm Surge Storm Surge Animation
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221 Rating Hurricanes
222 Rating Hurricanes The Saffir-Simpson scale is uses wind speed to rate the strength of hurricanes.
223 Rating Hurricanes The Saffir-Simpson scale is uses wind speed to rate the strength of hurricanes. Category mph Minimal
224 Rating Hurricanes The Saffir-Simpson scale is uses wind speed to rate the strength of hurricanes. Category mph Minimal Category mph Moderate
225 Rating Hurricanes The Saffir-Simpson scale is uses wind speed to rate the strength of hurricanes. Category mph Minimal Category mph Moderate Category mph Extensive
226 Rating Hurricanes The Saffir-Simpson scale is uses wind speed to rate the strength of hurricanes. Category mph Minimal Category mph Moderate Category mph Extensive Category mph Extreme
227 Rating Hurricanes The Saffir-Simpson scale is uses wind speed to rate the strength of hurricanes. Category mph Minimal Category mph Moderate Category mph Extensive Category mph Extreme Category mph Catastrophic
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229 Strongest Hurricanes in History
230 Strongest Hurricanes in History Typhoon Tip (1979) was the most intense (lowest pressure- 870 mb) hurricane in history.
231 Strongest Hurricanes in History Typhoon Tip (1979) was the most intense (lowest pressure- 870 mb) hurricane in history. Hurricane Wilma (2005) was the strongest Atlantic hurricane.
232 Strongest Hurricanes in History Typhoon Tip (1979) was the most intense (lowest pressure- 870 mb) hurricane in history. Hurricane Wilma (2005) was the strongest Atlantic hurricane. Typhoon Nancy (1961) had maximum sustained winds (two minute average) of 213 mph.
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234 Size of Typhoon Tip
235 Size of Typhoon Tip Had a diameter of almost 1,400 miles.
236 Size of Typhoon Tip Had a diameter of almost 1,400 miles.
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238 Path of Typhoon Tip
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240 Hurricane Katrina (2005)
241 Hurricane Katrina (2005) Costliest hurricane in U.S. history ($81 billion in damage).
242 Hurricane Katrina (2005) Costliest hurricane in U.S. history ($81 billion in damage). Fifth deadliest hurricane (1,836 deaths)
243 Hurricane Katrina (2005) Costliest hurricane in U.S. history ($81 billion in damage). Fifth deadliest hurricane (1,836 deaths) Crossed Florida as a Category 1 but gained strength in the Gulf of Mexico.
244 Hurricane Katrina (2005) Costliest hurricane in U.S. history ($81 billion in damage). Fifth deadliest hurricane (1,836 deaths) Crossed Florida as a Category 1 but gained strength in the Gulf of Mexico. Made landfall in Louisiana and Mississippi on August 29 as a Category 3.
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246 Path of Katrina
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248 Katrina from Satellite
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250 Katrina Damage
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252 Katrina Damage
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254 Waveland, Mississippi
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256 Pass Christian Middle School
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