Microbiology Helmut Pospiech.
|
|
- Kerrie Melton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Microbiology Helmut Pospiech
2 Energy metabolism of Microorganisms Fermentation ADP +Pi Motility ATP Active transport (nutrient uptake)
3 Lactic Acid Fermentation 2 ATP
4 Fermentation the Art of Effective NADH Regeneration In every fermentation, there has to be atomic and redox balance Simplest way to keep redox balance is to produce H 2 H 2 is then used by other microorganisms
5 Clostridial Fermentations III
6 Fermentations lacking substrate level phosphorylations ΔG 0 = kj ΔG 0 = kj Succinate fermentation Propionigenium modestum Energy produced is not sufficient for direct ATP generation Na + ion is pumped across the cytoplasmic membrane Oxalate fermentation Oxalobacter formigenes Energy conserved as protomotoric force (H + gradient) The end of the line for fermentation?
7 No! Syntrophy Two different microorganisms cooperate to degrade a substance that neither can utilise alone Mainly secondary fermentations Interspecies H 2 transfer Keeps H 2 concentrations low and drives the reaction to the product side although the ΔG 0 is positive Mainly fermentation of alcohols and fatty acids
8 Microbial Respriation
9 Aerobic Oxidation of Pyruvate and Fetty Acids in Mitochondria outer mitochondrial membrane (permeable for metabolites) CO 2 inner mitochondrial membrane Pyruvate dehydrogenase Citrate cycle Fetty acid Pyruvate ATP + HSCoA Transporter AMP + PP i Acyl- CoA O O CH 3 C C HSCoA CO 2 OH b-oxidation Transporter NAD + Acyl- CoA NAD + O CH 3 C SCoA 2 CO 2 Acetyl-CoA + NADH 3 NAD + 3 NADH FAD FADH 2 HSCoA HSCoA FADH 2 NADH FAD P i + GDP GTP CO 2 NADH NAD + Electron Shuttle NAD + NADH Respiratory chain 2 e + 2 H + + ½ O 2 Succinate NAD + Fumarate I FAD III O 2 IV H 2 O H 2 O ATP- Synthase ATP ADP + P i Transporter ATP ADP P i OH II H + H + H + Elektron transport chain 3 H + F 0 F 1 complex
10 Redox tower of mitochondrial respiratory chain
11 Mitochondrial respiration e - donor e - donor e - donor Proton pumping e - donor ATP hydrolysis e - acceptor
12 Anaerobic Respiration The Use of Alternative Electron Acceptors instead of O 2 O 2 is the acceptor for the respiratory chain since it optimises the energy gain of the reaction But O 2 is not always available The use of alternative electron acceptors Anaerobic respiration
13 Nitrate respiration Utilised by bacteria at unaerobic conditions Dissimilative nitrogen reduction (nitrogen is reduced to produce energy, not to produce organic nitrogen compounds) Important for the nitrogen cycle (process of denitrification the production of elementary N2 from nitrate or nitrite
14 Biochemistry of Nitrate Respiration Pseudomonas E. coli
15 Nitrate respiration (E. coli) e - donor e - donor e - donor e - donor e - acceptor
16 Nitrate respiration (Pseudomonas) e - donor e - donor e - donor e - donor e - acceptor
17 Sulfate/sulfur Respiration Applies some principles as Nitrate respiration e.g. Desulfurmonas, Desulfurvibrio or Archaeoglobus Dissimilative sulfate reduction Use H 2 or organic carbon sources Only some sulfur-reducing bacteria can oxidise acetate Use acetyl-coa pathway, not Krebs cycle
18 Sulfate respiration Problem: SO 4 2- is a poor electron acceptor and therefore has to be activated by ATP e - donor e - donor e - acceptor
19 The Biochemistry of Sulfate/sulfur Respiration
20 CO 2 respiration e - donor e - acceptor e - acceptor
21 Acetogenesis Carbonate Respiration the Use of CO 2 as Electron Acceptor CO 2 is common and abundant in anaerobic habitates popular electron acceptor (under anaerobic conditions) Utilises acetyl-coa pathway of CO 2 fixation Typical pathway to fix CO 2 by anaerobes
22 The Acetyl-CoA Pathway
23 Methanogenesis By methanogenic bacteria Archaea E.g. in the rumen of cattle, swamps, sediments of lakes and oceans Major green house gas (30x stronger than CO 2 CO 2 + 4H 2 CH 4 + 2H 2 O
24 The Biochemistry of Methanogenesis
25 Methanogenesis from Methanol and Acetate
26 Other Forms of Anaerobic Respiration Proton respiration by Pyrococcus furiosus, the mother of all respirations when life developed?
27 The carbon cycle in the light of fermentation and respiration
28 Chemolithotrophy
29 Chemolithotrophy Organisms that obtain their energy for oxidation of inorganic compounds are called chemolithotrophs
30 Forms of Chemolithotrophy Many bacteria and archaea Usually autotroph when living on H 2 Fix CO 2 by Calvin cycle Often facultative chemolithoautotroph Prefer e.g. glucose if available Hydrogen Bacteria
31 Hydrogen bacteria e - donor e - acceptor
32 Forms of Chemolithotrophy Sulfur Bacteria Oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), elementary sulfur (S) or thiosulfate (S 2 O 3 2- ) to sulfate (SO 4 2- ) Wide-spread among bacteria (e.g. Beggatonia) and archaea (e.g. Sulfolobus spp.) Occurs in stages: Either separate enzymatic steps Or Sox complex (oxidises H 2 S to SO 4 2- in one step)
33 e - donor Sulfur bacteria e - donor e - donor e - acceptor
34 Forms of Chemolithotrophy Iron Oxidising Bacteria Many bacteria Acidophiles such as Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans or Leptospririllum ferrooxidans At the interphase of anaerobic and aerobic conditions, e.g. Gallionella ferruginea or Sphaerotilus natans Form brown deposits of ferric iron
35 The Biochemistry of Chemolithotrophic iron oxidation Fe 2+ oxidises spontaneously to Fe 3+ in the presence of oxygen at ph > 1 Iron oxidisers live Either at very low ph (<1; extreme acidophiles) Or at the interphase between anaerobic and aerobic conditions
36 iron bacteria e - donor e - acceptor
37 Forms of Chemolithotrophy Nitrification Oxidation of ammonia (NH 3 ) and nitrite (NO 2- ) to nitrate (NO 3- ) By specialised bacteria (rarely archaea) Two groups: One group oxidises ammonia to nitrite (e.g. Nitrosomonas spp.) The other group oxidises (e.g. Nitrobacter) nitrite to nitrate Autotrophs Using Calvin cycle Requires reverse electron flow to reduce NAD + to form NADH for anabolism
38 nitrifying bacteria reverse e - flow e - donor e - acceptor
39 The Biochemistry of Nitrification
40 Anammox (anoxic ammonium oxidation) Combines nitrification and denitrification: NH 4+ + NO 2- N 2 + 2H 2 O By members of the Planctomyces group of eubacteria (e.g. Brocadia anammoxidans) Lack peptidoglycan Have intracellular membraneenclosed compartments inside the cell In case of anammox, the anammoxisome Strict autotrophs (acetyl-coa pathway)
41 The Redox Tower Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 13th ed.
42 Phototrophy
43 Forms of Phototrophy
44 Chlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophylls Chlorophylls cyanobacteria and all eukaryotic phototrophs (algae and green plants) Bacteriochlorophylls anoxic phototrophic bacteria
45 Different Groups of Phototroph Bacteria Contain Various Bacteriochlorophylls
46 Other accessory Pigments Carotenoids and Phycobilliproteins
47 Anoxygenic Photosynthesis By bacteria that use electron donors other than H 2 O for the autotrophic fixation of CO 2 : H 2 S, S, S 2 O 3 2-, NO 2- etc. 5 groups of bacteria: Proteobacteria (purple bacteria, e.g. Rhodobacter) Green sulfur bacteria (e.g. Chlorobium) Green non-sulfur bacteria (e.g. Chloroflexus) Gram-positive Helicobacteria Acidobacteria
48 Purple Bacteria Photosynthetic electron flow generates protomotoric force ATP synthesis by photophosphorylation Autotroph NAD(P)H production requires reverse electron flow Use mainly H 2 S as electron donor
49 Purple Bacteria Cytoplasmic membrane surface increased by invagination Membran vesicles or stacks
50 Purple Bacteria
51 Green Sulfur Bacteria Optimised for low light conditions Large light harvesting complexes: chlorosomes Prefer H 2 S as electron donors Reduce ferrodoxin Can produce NADH directly
52 Green Sulfur Bacteria
53 Comparison of Electron in Different Anoxygenic Phototrophs
54 Oxigenic Photosynthesis Utilises two different Photosystems Z scheme H 2 O as electron donor Produces NAD(P)H and protomotoric force (ATP) at the same time Autotroph (Calvin cycle) 2 groups: Cyanobacteria (chlorophyll a) Prochlorophytes (chlorophylls a and b)
55 The Chloroplast
56 Ways to Fix CO2
57 Calvin Cycle Reversion of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RubisCO) as key enzyme Most widely distributed in nature
58 Reverse Citric Acid Cycle: Green sulfur bacteria The origin of the Krebs cycle? Hydroxypropionate Pathway: Green non-sulfur bacteria Possible the most anchient way to fix CO 2 Operational in many archaic groups of bacteria and archaea
59 Nitrogenase and N2 Fixation The Formation of NH 3 from elementary N 2 Performed by many groups of bacteria
60 The Biochemistry of N 2 Fixation Dixon & Kahn (2004) Nature Reviews Microbiology 2,
61 Nitrogenase and N 2 Fixation Nitrogenase is extremely sensitive to O 2 Protection against O 2 Slime High O 2 consuption Leghemoglobin in symbionts Alternative nitrogenases with vanadium or only iron in case that molybdenium is not available
62 Nitrogen fixation has been invented twice:
63 The Nitrogen Cycle
BBS2710 Microbial Physiology. Module 5 - Energy and Metabolism
BBS2710 Microbial Physiology Module 5 - Energy and Metabolism Topics Energy production - an overview Fermentation Aerobic respiration Alternative approaches to respiration Photosynthesis Summary Introduction
More information2015 AP Biology PRETEST Unit 3: Cellular Energetics Week of October
Name: Class: _ Date: _ 2015 AP Biology PRETEST Unit 3: Cellular Energetics Week of 19-23 October Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which
More informationPhotosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration All cellular activities require energy. Directly or indirectly nearly all energy for life comes from the sun. Autotrophs:
More informationchapter five: microbial metabolism
chapter five: microbial metabolism Revised 9/22/2016 oxidation-reduction redox reaction: coupled reactions e- donor oxidized donor Ox Red ADP + P i ATP Ox Red reduced A chemical A redox reactions aerobic
More informationMETABOLISM. What is metabolism? Categories of metabolic reactions. Total of all chemical reactions occurring within the body
METABOLISM What is metabolism? METABOLISM Total of all chemical reactions occurring within the body Categories of metabolic reactions Catabolic reactions Degradation pathways Anabolic reactions Synthesis
More informationBe sure to understand:
Learning Targets & Focus Questions for Unit 6: Bioenergetics Chapter 8: Thermodynamics Chapter 9: Cell Resp Focus Q Ch. 10: Photosynthesis Chapter 8 (141-150) 1. I can explain how living systems adhere
More informationEdexcel (B) Biology A-level
Edexcel (B) Biology A-level Topic 5: Energy for Biological Processes Notes Aerobic Respiration Aerobic respiration as splitting of the respiratory substrate, to release carbon dioxide as a waste product
More informationCP Biology Unit 5 Cell Energy Study Guide. Electron Carriers Electron Transport Chain Fermentation Glycolysis Krebs cycle Light-Dependent Reactions
Name: KEY CP Biology Unit 5 Cell Energy Study Guide Vocabulary to know: ATP ADP Aerobic Anaerobic ATP Synthases Cellular Respiration Chlorophyll Chloroplast Electron Carriers Electron Transport Chain Fermentation
More informationName Date Class. Photosynthesis and Respiration
Concept Mapping Photosynthesis and Respiration Complete the Venn diagram about photosynthesis and respiration. These terms may be used more than once: absorbs, Calvin cycle, chlorophyll, CO 2, H 2 O, Krebs
More informationA + B = C C + D = E E + F = A
Photosynthesis - Plants obtain energy directly from the sun - Organisms that do this are autotrophs (make their own food from inorganic forms) - Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions where the
More informationPhysiological diversity
Physiological diversity Principles Energetic considerations Biochemical pathways Organisms Ecological relevance Physiological diversity Sulfate- and nitrate reducers (5. Nov.) Methanogens and homoacetogens
More informationMetabolism Review. A. Top 10
A. Top 10 Metabolism Review 1. Energy production through chemiosmosis a. pumping of H+ ions onto one side of a membrane through protein pumps in an Electron Transport Chain (ETC) b. flow of H+ ions across
More informationBio102 Problems Photosynthesis
Bio102 Problems Photosynthesis 1. Why is it advantageous for chloroplasts to have a very large (in surface area) thylakoid membrane contained within the inner membrane? A. This limits the amount of stroma
More informationUnit 1C Practice Exam (v.2: KEY)
Unit 1C Practice Exam (v.2: KEY) 1. Which of the following statements concerning photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a and b, carotenes, and xanthophylls) is correct? (PT1-12) a. The R f values obtained
More informationAQA Biology A-level Topic 5: Energy transfers in and between organisms
AQA Biology A-level Topic 5: Energy transfers in and between organisms Notes Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a reaction in which light energy is used to produce glucose in plants. The process requires
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
AP Exam Chapters 9 and 10; Photosynthesis and Respiration Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released
More informationCell Energy Notes ATP THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY. CELL ENERGY Cells usable source of is called ATP stands for. Name Per
Cell Energy Notes Name Per THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY The Endosymbiotic theory is the idea that a long time ago, engulfed other prokaryotic cells by. This resulted in the first First proposed by Explains
More informationLecture Series 9 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy
Lecture Series 9 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy Reading Assignments Review Chapter 3 Energy, Catalysis, & Biosynthesis Read Chapter 13 How Cells obtain Energy from Food Read Chapter 14
More informationPhotosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Unit
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Unit All cellular activities require energy. Directly or indirectly nearly all energy for life comes from the sun. Autotrophs: organisms that can make their own
More informationReview Questions - Lecture 5: Metabolism, Part 1
Review Questions - Lecture 5: Metabolism, Part 1 Questions: 1. What is metabolism? 2. What does it mean to say that a cell has emergent properties? 3. Define metabolic pathway. 4. What is the difference
More informationPhotosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Note-taking Guide
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Note-taking Guide Preview to Photosynthesis glucose, reactions, light-dependent, Calvin cycle, thylakoid, photosystem II, oxygen, light-harvesting, two, chloroplasts,
More informationChapter 5. The Chloroplast. 5.1 Matter and Energy Pathways in Living Systems. Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
Chapter 5 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration 5.1 Matter and Energy Pathways in Living Systems Both cellular respiration and photosynthesis are examples of biological processes that involve matter &
More informationAP Bio-Ms.Bell Unit#3 Cellular Energies Name
AP Bio-Ms.Bell Unit#3 Cellular Energies Name 1. Base your answer to the following question on the image below. 7. Base your answer to the following question on Which of the following choices correctly
More informationRespiration and Photosynthesis
Respiration and Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Glycolysis The Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chains Anabolic Pathway Photosynthesis Calvin Cycle Flow of Energy Energy is needed to support all forms
More informationCh. 6 & 7 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
Ch. 6 & 7 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration 6.1 Energy Reactions The Cycle of Energy Sun CO 2 H 2 O Photosynthesis (energy stored) Cellular Respiration (energy released) O 2 Glucose Obtaining Energy
More informationAnaerobic processes. Annual production of cells a -1 Mean generation time in sediments
Anaerobic processes Motivation Where are they? Number of prokaryotes on earth 4-6 * 10 30 Cells in open ocean 1.2 * 10 29 in marine sediments 3.5 * 10 30 in soil 2.6 * 10 29 sub-terrestrial 0.5 2.5 * 10
More information6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2. sun. Occurs in chloroplasts ATP. enzymes CO 2 O 2 H 2 O. sugars
4.2 8.2 Overview Photosynthesis: of Photosynthesis An Overview Photosynthesis process by which plants make food using energy from the sun Plants are autotrophs that make their own source of chemical energy.
More informationPhysiological diversity. Recommended text books. Physiological diversity. Sulfate and nitrate reducers. ! Principles. ! Energetic considerations
Physiological diversity Recommended text books! Principles! Energetic considerations! Biochemical pathways! Organisms! Ecological relevance Physiological diversity! Sulfate- and nitrate reducers (11. Nov.)!
More informationPhotosynthesis Harness light energy and use it to move electrons through an electron transport chain. Electron carriers are arranged, in order of
Photosynthesis Harness light energy and use it to move electrons through an electron transport chain. Electron carriers are arranged, in order of increasing electro positivity within a membrane. Through
More informationEnergy for Life 12/11/14. Light Absorption in Chloroplasts
Energy for Life Biochemical pathways A series of reactions where the products of one reaction is used in the next reaction Light Absorption in Chloroplasts Chloroplasts Two membranes Grana- layered stacks
More informationLecture 10. Proton Gradient-dependent ATP Synthesis. Oxidative. Photo-Phosphorylation
Lecture 10 Proton Gradient-dependent ATP Synthesis Oxidative Phosphorylation Photo-Phosphorylation Model of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Glycerol-3-P Shuttle Outer Mitochondrial Membrane G3P DHAP
More informationMICROBIAL METABOLISM: AUTOTROPHS
MICROBIAL METABOLISM: AUTOTROPHS Overview of Autotrophy Imagine being hungry, walking outside, taking off your shirt, lying in the sun for a few hours, becoming totally full (fat even!), and being done
More informationPhotosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Note-taking Guide
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Note-taking Guide Preview to Photosynthesis glucose, reectlons, light-dependent, Calvin cycle, thylakoid, oxygen, light-harvesting, two, chloroplasts, photosynthesis,
More informationOBJECTIVES OUTCOMES FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
GOAL: A great diversity of metabolic and biochemical are seen among the Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya yet some common metabolic pathways exist across all domains. OBJECTIVES OUTCOMES FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
More informationEnergy Exchanges Exam: What to Study
Energy Exchanges Exam: What to Study Here s what you will need to make sure you understand in order to prepare for our exam: Free Energy Conceptual understanding of free energy as available energy in a
More informationPhotosynthesis and cellular respirations
The Introduction of Biology Defining of life Basic chemistry, the chemistry of organic molecules Classification of living things History of cells and Cells structures and functions Photosynthesis and cellular
More informationLife 21 - Aerobic respiration Raven & Johnson Chapter 9 (parts)
1 Life 21 - Aerobic respiration Raven & Johnson Chapter 9 (parts) Objectives 1: Describe the overall action of the Krebs cycle in generating ATP, NADH and FADH 2 from acetyl-coa 2: Understand the generation
More information1/25/2018. Bio 1101 Lec. 5, Part A Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration
1 2 3 4 5 Bio 1101 Lec. 5, Part A Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration Energy is needed by cells to do work Chemical energy, a form of potential energy, is stored in bonds of food molecules (such as glucose)
More informationBIOLOGY 345 Midterm II - 15 November 2010 PART I. Multiple choice questions (4 points each, 32 points total).
BIOLOGY 345 Name Midterm II - 15 November 2010 PART I. Multiple choice questions (4 points each, 32 points total). 1. Considering the multitude of potential metabolic processes available to Bacteria and
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy. 9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy 9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels 9.2 Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate 9.3 The citric acid
More informationCenter for Academic Services & Advising
March 2, 2017 Biology I CSI Worksheet 6 1. List the four components of cellular respiration, where it occurs in the cell, and list major products consumed and produced in each step. i. Hint: Think about
More informationPhotosynthesis Overview. Photosynthesis Overview. Photosynthesis Overview. Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Overview Chapter 8 Energy for all life on Earth ultimately comes from photosynthesis. 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by: cyanobacteria,
More informationChapter 5. Table of Contents. Section 1 Energy and Living Things. Section 2 Photosynthesis. Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Table of Contents Section 1 Energy and Living Things Section 2 Photosynthesis Section 3 Cellular Respiration Section 1 Energy and Living Things Objectives Analyze
More informationIn Cellular Respiration, are removed from sugar and transferred to
1 2 3 4 5 Bio 1101 Lec. 5, Part A (Guided Notes) Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration Energy is needed by cells to do work Chemical energy, a form of potential energy, is stored in bonds of food molecules (such
More informationMicrobial Biogeochemistry
Microbial Biogeochemistry Chemical reactions occurring in the environment mediated by microbial communities Outline Metabolic Classifications. Winogradsky columns, Microenvironments. Redox Reactions. Microbes
More informationRespiration and Photosynthesis. The Ying and Yang of Life.
Respiration and Photosynthesis The Ying and Yang of Life. Why? You ve always been told that you must eat and breathe. Why? In this unit we will attempt to answer those questions. 1 st Law of Thermodynamics
More informationChange to Office Hours this Friday and next Monday. Tomorrow (Abel): 8:30 10:30 am. Monday (Katrina): Cancelled (05/04)
Change to Office Hours this Friday and next Monday Tomorrow (Abel): 8:30 10:30 am Monday (Katrina): Cancelled (05/04) Lecture 10 Proton Gradient-dependent ATP Synthesis Oxidative Phosphorylation Photo-Phosphorylation
More informationChapter 8.1. How Organisms Obtain Energy
Chapter 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Main Idea All living organisms use energy to carry out all biological processes. Energy Energy is the ability to do work. Quick Review: Heterotrophs are organisms
More informationAP Biology Exam Review 5: Enzymes & Metabolism (Photosynthesis & Respiration)
Name: Date: AP Biology Exam Review 5: Enzymes & Metabolism (Photosynthesis & Respiration) Helpful Videos and Animations: 1. Bozeman Biology: Photosynthesis and Respiration 2. Bozeman Biology: Photosynthesis
More informationCellular Energy. How Organisms Obtain Energy Section 2: Photosynthesis Section 3: Cellular Respiration. Click on a lesson name to select.
Section 1: How Organisms Obtain Energy Section 2: Photosynthesis Section 3: Cellular Respiration Click on a lesson name to select. Section 1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Transformation of Energy Energy
More informationPHOTOSYNTHESIS. Light Reaction Calvin Cycle
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light Reaction Calvin Cycle Photosynthesis Purpose: use energy from light to convert inorganic compounds into organic fuels that have stored potential energy in their carbon bonds Carbon
More informationMetabolismo Biología de 12º
DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Metabolismo Biología de 12º Nombre y Apellidos FOTOSÍNTESIS 1) Organisms that can exist with light as an energy source and an inorganic form of carbon and other raw materials
More informationEnergy in the World of Life
Cellular Energy Energy in the World of Life Sustaining life s organization requires ongoing energy inputs Assembly of the molecules of life starts with energy input into living cells Energy Conversion
More information2.A.2- Capture and Storage of Free Energy
2.A.2- Capture and Storage of Free Energy Big Idea 2: Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. EU 2.A- Growth, reproduction
More informationOverview of Photosynthesis
Overview of Photosynthesis Most autotrophs (organisms that create their own food), make organic compounds (sugars/glucose) using a process called photosynthesis. This process occurs only in plants. Overview
More informationCell Energy: The Big Picture. So, What Exactly is ATP. Adenosine Triphosphate. Your turn to Practice converting ATP to ADP:
Understanding How Living Things Obtain and Use Energy. Cell Energy: The Big Picture Most Autotrophs produce food (sugar) using light energy during Photosynthesis. Then, both Autotrophs and Heterotroph
More information1. Which of the following species have strains that are capable of undergoing the process of conjugation?
Biology 3340 Summer 2005 Second Examination Version A Name Be sure to put your name on the mark-sense sheet as well Directions: Write your name in the correct space on the mark-sense sheet and the exam
More informationState state describe
Warm-Up State the products of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis, state which product has chemical energy, and describe how that product is made. KREBS ETC FADH 2 Glucose Pyruvate H 2 O NADH
More informationLecture 2 Carbon and Energy Transformations
1.018/7.30J Fall 2003 Fundamentals of Ecology Lecture 2 Carbon and Energy Transformations READINGS FOR NEXT LECTURE: Krebs Chapter 25: Ecosystem Metabolism I: Primary Productivity Luria. 1975. Overview
More informationElectron Transport Chain (Respiratory Chain) - exercise - Vladimíra Kvasnicová
Electron Transport Chain (Respiratory Chain) - exercise - Vladimíra Kvasnicová Respiratory chain (RCH) a) is found in all cells b) is located in a mitochondrion c) includes enzymes integrated in the inner
More informationPhotosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Practice Test Name
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Practice Test Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which H+ has just passed through the
More informationMetabolism. Fermentation vs. Respiration. End products of fermentations are waste products and not fully.
Outline: Metabolism Part I: Fermentations Part II: Respiration Part III: Metabolic Diversity Learning objectives are: Learn about respiratory metabolism, ATP generation by respiration linked (oxidative)
More informationPHOTOSYNTHESIS. Chapter 10
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 10 Modes of Nutrition Autotrophs self-feeders Capture free energy from physical sources in the environment Photosynthetic organisms = sunlight Chemosynthetic organisms = small inorganic
More informationTransformation of Energy! Energy is the ability to do work.! Thermodynamics is the study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe.
Section 1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Transformation of Energy! Energy is the ability to do work.! Thermodynamics is the study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe. Section 1 How Organisms
More informationThe Life of a Cell. The Chemistry of Life. A View of the Cell. Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle. Energy in a Cell
The Life of a Cell The Chemistry of Life A View of the Cell Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle Energy in a Cell Chapter 9 Energy in a Cell 9.1: The Need for Energy 9.1: Section Check 9.2: Photosynthesis:
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chapter 10. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright
More informationMETABOLISM CHAPTER 04 BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I. Dr. Lawrence G. Altman Some illustrations are courtesy of McGraw-Hill.
BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I CHAPTER 04 1 Please wait 20 seconds before starting slide show. Mouse click or Arrow keys to navigate. Hit ESCAPE Key to exit. CELLULAR METABOLISM Dr. Lawrence G. Altman
More informationCELL METABOLISM OVERVIEW Keep the big picture in mind as we discuss the particulars!
BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I CHAPTER 04 CELLULAR METABOLISM 1 Please wait 20 seconds before starting slide show. Mouse click or Arrow keys to navigate. Hit ESCAPE Key to exit. Dr. Lawrence G. Altman
More informationBiology Chapter 8 Test: Cellular Energy
Class: Date: Biology Chapter 8 Test: Cellular Energy True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. During the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, light energy is used to split
More informationAHL Topic 8 IB Biology Miss Werba
CELL RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS AHL Topic 8 IB Biology Miss Werba TOPIC 8 CELL RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS 8.1 CELL RESPIRATION 1. STATE that oxidation involves the loss of electrons from an element,
More informationCellular Energetics. Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Cellular Energetics Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration and Fermentation TEKS B.4 Science concepts. The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things with specialized parts that
More informationUnit 3: Cell Energy Guided Notes
Enzymes Unit 3: Cell Energy Guided Notes 1 We get energy from the food we eat by breaking apart the chemical bonds where food is stored. energy is in the bonds, energy is the energy we use to do things.
More informationPhotosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Outline I. Energy and Carbon Cycle II. Photosynthesis A. Introduction B. Reactions II. Cellular Respiration A. Introduction B. Reactions Carbon Cycle All organisms
More informationOxidation reactions. Addition of oxygen. succinate + FAD... fumarate + FADH 2. malate + NAD+... oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
"""1-- _. NTRODUCNG GLYCOLYSS Cell respiration involves the production of ATP using energy released by the oxidation of glucose, fat or other substrates. fglucose is the substrate, the first stage of cell
More informationUnit 5 Cellular Energy
Unit 5 Cellular Energy I. Enzymes (159) 1.Are CATALYSTS: Speed up chemical reactions that would otherwise happen too slowly to support life. Catalysts DO NOT make reactions happen that couldn t happen
More information4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP. KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy.
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by ATP. Molecules in food store chemical
More informationCampbell Biology in Focus (Urry) Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. 8.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
Campbell Biology in Focus (Urry) Chapter 8 Photosynthesis 8.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) In autotrophic bacteria, where is chlorophyll located? A) in chloroplast membranes B) in chloroplast stroma C)
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chapter 10. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Overview:
More informationPhotosynthesis 1. Light Reactions and Photosynthetic Phosphorylation. Lecture 31. Key Concepts. Overview of photosynthesis and carbon fixation
Photosynthesis 1 Light Reactions and Photosynthetic Phosphorylation Lecture 31 Key Concepts Overview of photosynthesis and carbon fixation Chlorophyll molecules convert light energy to redox energy The
More informationMetabolism Test D [50 marks]
Metabolism Test D [50 marks] 1. A cricket was placed in a respirometer at constant temperature for ten minutes. The soap bubble moved along the pipette. [Source: International Baccalaureate Organization
More informationReview Quizzes Chapters 6-10
Review Quizzes Chapters 6-10 1. The product(s) of the light reactions of photosynthesis is/are a. pyruvate b. glucose c. ATP and NADPH d. CO 2 and H 2 O e. ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) 1. The product(s)
More informationEnergy Conversions. Photosynthesis. Plants. Chloroplasts. Plant Pigments 10/13/2014. Chapter 10 Pg
Energy Conversions Photosynthesis Chapter 10 Pg. 184 205 Life on Earth is solar-powered by autotrophs Autotrophs make their own food and have no need to consume other organisms. They are the ultimate source
More information(A) Calvin cycle (B) Cyclic electron transfer (C) Non-cyclic electron transfer (D) Photorespiration (E) Cellular respiration
AP Biology - Problem Drill 08: Photosynthesis No. 1 of 10 #01 1. What term does the statement below refer to? In a photosynthesis process, an electron is excited from P700 and delivered to its receptor,
More informationChapter 10 Photosynthesis
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Overview: The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Photosynthesis is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, certain other
More informationCellular respiration. How do living things stay alive? Cellular Respiration Burning. Photosynthesis. Cellular Respiration
How do living things stay alive? Cellular Respiration Burning Happens in ALL living things inside cells and has the main goal of producing ATP the fuel of life It does not matter whether the organisms
More informationEnergy for biological processes
1 Energy transfer When you have finished revising this topic, you should: be able to explain the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions be able to describe the part played by in cell metabolism
More informationPhotosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration What you will learn: GPS Standard SB3a Explain the cycling of energy through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. IN OTHER WORDS Photosynthesis and Cellular
More information8.2 Photosynthesis Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a chloroplast as seen in electron micrographs
8.2 Photosynthesis 8.2.1 - Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a chloroplast as seen in electron micrographs double membrane starch grain grana thylakoid internal membrane - location of the
More informationProkaryotes Vs. Eukaryotes
The Microbial World Prokaryotes Vs. Eukaryotes Mircrobes of the Ocean Primary Producers Are the organisms that produce bio-mass from inorganic compounds (autotrophs). -Photosynthetic autotrophs Phytoplankton
More informationCellular Energetics Review
Cellular Energetics Review 1. What two molecules are formed when a phosphate is removed from ATP? 2. Describe how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are reverse processes. 3. What is the function
More informationPHOTOSYNTHESIS. Chapter 10
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 10 Modes of Nutrition Autotrophs Capture from physical sources in the environment Photosynthetic organisms = sunlight Chemosynthetic organisms = small inorganic molecules (occurs
More informationThe Tree of Life. Metabolic Pathways. Calculation Of Energy Yields
The Tree of Life Metabolic Pathways Calculation Of Energy Yields OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems 8/27/09 Earth s History (continental crust) 170 Oldest oceanic crust Ga = billions of years ago The Traditional
More information4. Label the diagram below of the electron movement with regard to the coenzyme NAD+.
AP Biology Reading Packet 3- Respiration and Photosynthesis Name Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration 1. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent
More informationThe summary equation of photosynthesis including the source and fate of the reactants and products. How leaf and chloroplast anatomy relates to
1 The summary equation of photosynthesis including the source and fate of the reactants and products. How leaf and chloroplast anatomy relates to photosynthesis. How photosystems convert solar energy to
More informationA word of caution about a little knowing Lab organisms limit the view of the world of microbiology
Diversity The world of living things (Figure from Madigan et al. 2002) Microbes in all three domains Two of the domains are exclusively prokaryotic and microbial The third contains both unicellular and
More informationSection 8 1 Energy and Life (pages )
Bio07_TR_U03_CH08.QXD 4/25/06 2:51 PM Page 63 Name Class Date Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Section 8 1 Energy and Life (pages 201 203) Key Concepts Where do plants get the energy they need to produce food?
More informationChapter 5: Photosynthesis: The Energy of Life pg : Pathways of Photosynthesis pg
UNIT 2: Metabolic Processes Chapter 5: Photosynthesis: The Energy of Life pg. 210-240 5.2: Pathways of Photosynthesis pg. 220-228 Light Dependent Reactions Photosystem II and I are the two light capturing
More informationPHOTOSYNTHESIS STARTS WITH
Name Date Period PHOTOSYNTHESIS STARTS WITH 1. Molecules that collect light energy are called _P. 2. Chlorophyll a and b absorb _B -_V and _R wavelengths of light best. 3. _C is the main light absorbing
More informationForms of stored energy in cells
Forms of stored energy in cells Electrochemical gradients Covalent bonds (ATP) Reducing power (NADH) During photosynthesis, respiration and glycolysis these forms of energy are converted from one to another
More informationLecture 9: Photosynthesis
Lecture 9: Photosynthesis I. Characteristics of Light A. Light is composed of particles that travel as waves 1. Comprises a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum B. Radiation varies in wavelength
More information