Lecture 2 Announcements

Transcription

1 Lecture 2 Announcements HW#1 Due Tuesday January 20, 2009 via to jcarol@okstate.edu Class website: dex.html and click on class link Study Abroad Information Session Jan. 20th 1

2 Quick Review Why do we take this class? What is biomaterial? Should read the first chapter in your book (short chapter!) Today: Cell Structure Friday: Physical Attributes Read pgs

3 Graphic: Cell Handout Form and stability to cell, protective barrier New cell wall production and motility Formation of chemical energy, aerobic respiration from ATP Protein synthesis Synthesis and transport, of proteins rough contains ribosomes, smooth transports Synthesizes cell wall components Selective permeable boundary between cell contents and wall, Plastid that contains Contains chlorophyll, pectin, lignon. Provides photosynthesis sunlight Assist support in junkyard, and flexibility between cells to energy photosynthesis, synthetic and in the form of carbs. respiration, breakdown degradative of trash for functions recycling (low 1/14/2009 PH..acidic) BAE2023 Physical Properties of Cytoplasm: contains organelles, transportation synthesis functions RNA Contains Nucleoplasm cell genetic code, cell brain, DNA 3

4 Graphic: s/p/planttissues.html Tissues and Functions Epidermis (Protective): clear covering outermost part of plant protects plant from loss of water to air allows gas entry and exit allows roots to absorb water 4

5 Tissues and Functions Parenchyma: Found in leaves Either contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis or store food Collenchyma: Found in leaves Support leaf or stem 5

6 Tissues and Functions Sclerenchyma Made of either fiber or sclerid Fibrous: have a secondary cell wall and usually means the cells are dead give flexibility and support Sclerid: more pronounced secondary wall and provide hardness coverings such as nut shells (coconuts, pecans..) 6

7 Tissues and Functions Endodermis: One layer thick Found in root system Direct water and minerals from soil to controlling plant tissue Graphic: iologypages/r/roots.html 7

8 Tissues and Functions Primary Xylem: Combination of 4 cell types Vessel elements Tracheids Fibers Parenchyma cells All die except parenchyma when they mature Responsible for water transport in plant, vertical and horizontal movement Graphic: iologypages/r/roots.html 8

9 Primary Phloem Tissues and Functions Four cell types Sieve tube Companion cells Fiber cells Parenchyma cells Storage and lateral transport of food materials Graphic: iologypages/r/roots.html 9

10 Graphic: /section0_images_2/syle Vascular Cambium: Between xylem and phloem Provides new cells to xylem and phloem protects plant from loss of water to air Cork Cambium: Outside of phloem Prevents water loss from the interior of plant Protects interior from environmental extremes Example: tree bark 10

11 Goal: Cellular Respiration Convert carbon-containing compounds into energy for life processes Carried out in the mitochondria Two Types: 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Light Energy = C 6 H 12 O6 + 6O 2 Aerobic: uses oxygen as electron acceptor Anaerobic: uses other compounds for cellular respirtaion Both types start with glycolysis 11

12 Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm Takes a molecule of glucose (6 carbon sugar molecule) Converts it to pyruvic acid Changes in molecules happen because of enzymatic activity Enzymes: protein molecules that facilitate reactions Involves energy (use, production ) 12

13 Anaerobic Respiration Electron acceptor is NOT oxygen. AKA FERMENTATION Two types of fermentation: lactic acid and alcoholic 13

14 Aerobic Respiration Majority of organisms respire aerobically Terminal electron acceptor is oxygen Consists of 2 processes: Kreb s (aka Citric Acid) Cycle Electron transport chain Kreb s Cycle: produces CO 2 and H 2 O Electron Transport transports electrons!!! From high energy compounds to lower energy compounds Final receptor is oxygen molecules 14

15 Respiration Aerobic respiration is more efficient at producing energy for the plant Some organisms (known as facultative anaerobes or aerobes) can do either kind of respiration Example: yeast With oxygen, use citric cycle and et to produce their energy Without oxygen, use alcoholic fermentation produce ethyl alcohol 15

16 Photosynthesis Heterotrophs: consume their energy Autotrophs: produce their own food Plants are autotrophs Use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to form carbohydrates and oxygen 16

17 Photosynthesis Light Reactions Photosystem I: absorbs sunlight by chlorophyll molecule Photosystem II: converts two water molecules into electrons, protons, one water molecule and ½ oxygen molecule. Electron transfer releases energy Oxygen is either used in the cycle or given off through respiration 17

18 0.5 Visible Near Infrared Reflectance (%) 0.25 Measure of living plant cell s ability to reflect infrared light 0.00 Photosynthetic Plant Potential Reflectance Wavelength (nm) 18

19 Dark Reactions Photosynthesis Do not require light AKA carbon fixation reactions Carbon from CO 2 is used to make sugars like glucose Requires light reaction products (NADPH) and CO 2 19

20 Requries Photosynthesis light for Light Reactions Water for electron and proton source Proper temperature for efficiency 20

21 HW#2 Assignment: Due 1/23/09 Explain the parts of an animal cell and the differences between plant and animal cells Include graphic(s) of animal cells Include functions of the cell parts Put your answer in the form of a Power Point it to jcarol@okstate.edu by midnight on 1/23. 21

22 Resources /physiology.html#transpiration rse/section0_2_page_3.htm 22