Review for 7 th Science 2 nd Semester Exam 17-18

Transcription

1 Name: KEY Class Period: Review for 7 th Science 2 nd Semester Exam Answer the questions. 1) What would be the likely effects of a hurricane on a marsh ecosystem? LOSS OF PLANT LIFE FROM SALTWATER BROUGHT IN BY STORM SURGE 2) In which ways do Tornados create changes in ecosystems? HIGH WINDS DAMAGE AREA OF IMPORTANT PLANT LIFE 3) What are some of the possible effects of lightning in a thunderstorm? START FOREST FIRES 4) What are the possible positive effects a forest fire can have on an ecosystem? CLEARS UNDERBRUSH TO ALLOW NEW PLANTS TO GROW List how each catastrophic event forms: 5) Drought LACK OF RAINFALL FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME 6) Wild Fire LIGHTNING, BURN PILES, CARELESSNESS OF PEOPLE, FIREWORKS, CIGARETTES 7) Hurricane HIGH AND LOW PRESSURE AREAS MEET; WATER TEMPERATURE GIVES ENERGY 8) Earthquake VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS AND MOVEMENT OF TECTONIC PLATES 9) Volcano PRESSURE FROM GASSES WITHIN THE MAGMA BUILDS UP AND ERUPTS THROUGH THE EARTHS CRUST 10) Tsunami UNDERWATER VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS, UNDERWATER LANDSLIDES, UNDERWATER EARTHQUAKES, OR METEORITE IMPACT 11) Tornado COMBINATION OF HOT AIR RISING AND COLD AIR SINKINNG, CREATING A ROTATION; FROM THUNDERSTORMS OR HURRICANES Page 1 of 7

2 12) Flood INTENSE OR LONG-TERM PRECIPITATION FROM THUNDERSTORMS, HURRICANE STORM SURGES, OR MELTING SNOW Answer the questions. 13) What type of land formation would you expect to find where the river deposits sediments as it reaches the Gulf? DELTA 14) Subsidence, or the sinking of the ground because of weakened underground rock layers, can be caused by humans what? EXCESSIVELY PUMPING WATER FROM AQUIFERS 15) It is reasonable to predict that a region that does not receive much rain, compared to other ecoregions, would have more or less soil erosion? LESS SOIL EROSION 16) What is the source of the distinct shapes and features of sand dunes in a desert? DIRECTION OF PREVAILING WINDS 17) Pollutants from a factory that enter the water in a watershed will have a negative effect on what parts of the ecosystem? LOCAL POND LIFE 18) What process is responsible for creating sand bars? WAVE ACTION & CURRENTS 19) How are Canyons formed? RIVERS CARRYING SEDIMENTS THAT ERODE LAND 20) Rapid growth of algae in a pond is often the result of what? EXCESS NUTRIENTS FROM FERTILIZER RUNOFF 21) Which ecoregion is most vulnerable to wind erosion from hurricanes originating in the Gulf of Mexico? GULF PRAIRIES AND MARSHES 22) What is a possible effect of severe beach erosion? SAND BARS WILL FORM OFFSHORE 23) What protects living organisms on Earth from the harmful effects of solar wind? MAGNETOSPHERE 24) How does the distance of the Earth from the Sun effect the Earth s ability to support life? THE TEMPERATURE WOULD BE TOO COLD IF WE WERE FURTHER AWAY Page 2 of 7

3 25) What accommodations have been designed to protect astronauts from micrometeoroids hitting their spacesuits? MULTILAYERED SPACE SUITS 26) What helps astronauts move from one area to another inside of a spaceship? SPECIAL HANDLES 27) What determines whether or not a planet supports life? THE PRESENCE OF AN OZONE LAYER OR WATER 28) Life on Earth depends on energy from SUN (SOLAR) 29) Astronaut beds have straps attached to provide a safe sleeping environment. What condition of space do the straps accommodate? MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT 30) Why do Astronauts need to exercise while in space? TO PREVENT MUSCLES & BONES FROM BEING WEAKENED 31) What is the most important factor that determines Earth s temperature? PROXIMITY TO THE SUN 32) Why do Space stations require an oxygen system? SPACE IS AIRLESS 33) What shields the Earth from ultraviolet radiation? OZONE LAYER 34) What is Ecological Succession? A CHANGE IN TYPES AND NUMBERS OF SPECIES PRESENT IN A COMMUNITY OVER TIME SUCH AS AFTER A DISTURBANCE 35) List the stages in the processes of ecological succession WEEDS GROW FIRST AND THEN LARGER SPECIES OF BUSHES, SHRUBS AND TREES 36) What is a pioneer species? FIRST SPECIES TO APPEAR IN SUCCESSION 37) What quality is the necessary for a sustainable ecosystem? GREAT VARIETY OF LIVING THINGS 38) After a wildfire, what is the first thing that will grow again? WEEDS 39) Is the rate at which species produce offspring effected by ecological succession? NO 40) What type of habitat is an organism that stores large quantities of water internally most likely to live in? ONE THAT GETS LITTLE TO NO PRECIPITATION (DESERT) Page 3 of 7

4 41) Be able to use a dichotomous key to identify an organism. 42) What environmental condition will most likely lead to the adaptations that allow a species of fish to not only survive outside of the water, but to actually travel from one water source to another? FREQUENT DROUGHTS 43) Which internal structure is an adaptation that provided organisms with the function to perform gas exchange on land? LUNGS 44) Why are archeabacteria unique? THEY CAN LIVE IN EXTREME CONDITIONS 45) Correctly list the levels of classification in order. KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES 46) What is the difference between behavioral and structural adaptations?: BEHAVIORAL DETERMINES HIBERNATION, ETC BUT STRUCTURAL CHANGES THE LOOK OR MAKE-UP OF THE PHYSICAL FEATURES 47) How does the adaptation of camouflage protect against predators? BODY COLOR MATCHES HABITAT AND MAKES IT HARDER TO SEE 48) Define Eukaryote: A CELL THAT HAS A TRUE NUCLEUS 49) Define Muscular System: RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MOVEMENT OF THE BODY AND INTERNAL ORGANS 50) Define Endocrine System: PRODUCES HORMONES THAT AFFECT OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY 51) Define Nervous System: RESPONSIBLE FOR RAPIDLY COMMUNICATING INFORMATION INSIDE THE BODY USING ELECTRICAL IMPULSES 52) Define Skeletal System: PROVIDES STRUCTURAL SUPPORT FOR THE BODY AND A PLACE FOR MUSCLES TO ATTACH 53) Define Integumentary System: SKIN-PROTECTS BODY FROM EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 54) Define Respiratory System: EXCHANGE GASES, MOSTLY CARBON DIOXIDE AND OXYGEN, BETWEEN THE BODY AND THE ATMOSPHERE 55) Define Excretory System: FILTER WATER AND FLUIDS FROM THE BLOOD AND REMOVE WASTE PRODUCTS FROM THE BODY 56) Define Circulatory System: PUMP OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS THROUGH THE BLOOD TO EVERY PART OF THE BODY 57) Define Reproductive System: PRODUCES OFFSPRING 58) Define Digestive System: BREAKS DOWN FOOD TO BE ABSORBED IN THE BLOODSTREAM Page 4 of 7

5 59) Define Turgor Pressure FORCE OF WATER MOLECULES PUSHING AGAINST THE INSIDE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE INSIDE THE CELL WALL. IT MAKES A CELL MORE FIRM AND ALLOWS THE PLANTS TO STRAIGHT UP STRAIGHT. CHART: A tropism is a plants response to an external stimulus. Use the knowledge you obtained from class to fill in the chart below. Prefix Definition Geo- 60. GRAVITY/EARTH 61. HYDRO water Photo- 62. LIGHT 63. THIGMO touch 64) Define Adaptation: STRUCTURE OR BEHAVIOR IN ORGANSIMS THAT HELP THEM SURVIVE IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT 65) Define Natural Selection: PROCESS OF SELECTION WHERE THE MOST FAVROABLE TRAITS BECOME MORE COMMON AND LESS FAVORABLE TRAITS BECOME LESS COMMOM IN FOLLOWING GENERATIONS. 65) Define Selective Breeding: A FORM OF ARTIFICAL SELECTION WHEREBY DELIBERATE BREEDING RESULTS IN DESIRED TRAITS IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS 66) Explain one structural Adaptation of birds. Include what caused this adaptation and how it helps them survive and reproduce. STRONG HALLOW BONES LIGHT WEIGHT FLIGHT STREAMLINE SHAPE AERODYAMNIC FEATHERS BALANCE AND STEERING DURING FLIGHT BEAK SHAPE AIDS IN THE FOOD THEY CONSUME (SEEDS, INSECTS) 67) Explain one structural Adaptation of a Plant. Include what caused this adaptation and how it helps them survive and reproduce. PHOTOSYNTHESIS AUTOTROPHS ABLE TO MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD XYLEM TRANSPORTS WATER FROM THE ROOTS UPWARD THROUGH THE PLANT PHLOEM TRANSPORTS FOOD FROM THE LEAVES (GLUCOSE) THROUGH THE PLANT. 68) Explain one structural and one behavioral Adaptation of an Animal. Include what caused this adaptation and how it helps them survive and reproduce. Page 5 of 7

6 ANSWERS VARY HUMP BACK WHALES UNIQUE SONGS TO COMMUNICATE WITH ONE ANOTHER (FINDING EACH OTHER, TERRITORY, MATE) HIBERNATION AND MIGRATION OF ANIMALS 69)List in correct order the organization in plants and animals from least to most complex? CELLS, TISSUES, ORGANS, ORGAN SYSTEMS, ORGANISMS 70)Define Cells: SMALLEST UNIT OF LIFE THAT MAKES UP ALL LIVING THINGS 61) 71)Define Tissue: COLLECTION OF CELLS WITH SIMILAR FUNCTIONS 62) 72)Define Organs: COLLECTION OF TISSUES 73) Define Organ Systems: COLLECTION OF ORGANS THAT ALL WORK TOGETHER 64) 74)Define Organisms: COLLECTION OF ORGAN SYSTEMS THAT MAKES UP A LIVING THING 75) Which two parts of the cell are unique to plant cells? CELL WALL & CHLOROPLASTS Define the Function of each of the Organelles listed below 76) Nucleus: FOUND IN CENTER OF CELL AND CONTAINS GENETIC MATERIAL 77) Cell Membrane: REGULATES TRANSFER OF MATERIAL IN AND OUT OF THE CELL 78) Chloroplasts: WHERE PHOTOSYNTHESIS TAKES PLACE IN A PLANT CELL 79)Cell Wall: CONTROLS PRESSURE IN CELL 80) Vacuoles: STORE WATER, WASTE AND NUTRIENTS FOR CELL 81) Cytoplasm: CLEAR JELLY 82) Mitochondria: PRODUCE ENERGY FOR THE CELL 83) Ribosome: BUILD PROTEIN FOR THE CELL 84) Lysosome: HOLDS ENZYMES THAT ARE MADE IN THE CELL; LOCATION OF DIGESTION WITHIN THE CELL 85)Smooth ER: DOES NOT HAVE RIBOSOMES ATTACHED TO IT Page 6 of 7

7 86)Rough ER: HAS RIBOSOMES ATTACHED TO IT 87)Golgi Body: GATHERS SIMPLE MOLECULES AND COMBINES THEM INTO MORE COMPLEX MOLECULES; BUILDS LYSOSOMES 88)Define Cell Theory: THEORY THAT ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS 89)Define Genetics: THE TRANSFER OF INHERITED TRAITS FROM PARENT TO OFFSPRING 90)Define Heredity: THE TRAITS THAT OFFSPRING INHERIT FROM PARENTS (DOMINANT VS RECESSIVE) 91)When are recessive genes expressed? IN THE ABSENCE OF DOMINANT GENES FOR THAT SAME TRAIT 92)When are dominant genes expressed? EVERY TIME THEY ARE FOUND IN AN ORGANISM 93)Define Asexual Reproduction: Reproductive process that involves one parent and produces offspring identical to the parent 94)Define Sexual Reproduction: REPRODUCTIVE PROCESS INVOLVING 2 PARENTS WHO S GENETIC MATERIAL IS COMBINED TO PRODUCE A NEW ORGANISM DIFFERENT FROM THEMSELVES 95)In asexual reproduction, the offspring are diverse or identical? IDENTICAL 96)In sexual reproduction, the offspring are diverse or identical? DIVERSE 97)What is the asexual process that prokaryotes use to reproduce? BINARY FISSION 98) Define prokaryote: NO NUCLEUS Identify the Four Stages of Mitosis 99.PROPHASE 100.METAPHASE 101.ANAPHASE 102.TELOPHASE Page 7 of 7