Unit 4 - What is Life? Test Review

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1 Name: Class Period: Unit 4 - What is Life? Test Review Life on Earth: 1. Explain how the gases in the atmosphere work to make the greenhouse effect : 2. What are the compositions of each of the types of atmospheric gases? List the different gases and then the percentage that they occur. 3. What are the main elements that make up living organisms? 4. What is ozone and how does it protect life on Earth? 5. Explain why the Sun is necessary for life on Earth (include how plants capture that energy): 6. Explain how the Sun s gravity keeps planets in orbit: 7. How does water contribute to the possibility of life? 8. What do living things need to survive?

2 Characteristics of Life, Cells and Genetics: 9. What are the characteristics of life? To answer these next three questions, you can use your notes and read pages 157, 276 and 277 in textbook 10. When you touch a worm, it draws away. What is the stimulus? What is the response? The stimulus is The response is Define Homeostasis: 12. How do our bodies maintain a stable internal temperature? 13. All living things use energy to survive. An autotroph gets its energy from and a heterotroph obtains energy by. 14. Describe the Cell Theory: 15. Paramecia are single-celled protists that are naturally found in aquatic habitats. What is the origin of a new paramecium cell? a. Generates from the nutrients in the water b. Uses sun s energy to create the organic materials c. Comes from another paramecia d. Vacuole expands to make a new cell

3 16. Paramecia have hair like structures called cilia that it uses to propel itself through the water. When a paramecium bumps into a surface, it backs up, turns 45 and swims forward again. Describe this process using the terms stimulus and response. 17. Where is the paramecium s genetic material stored? Nucleus, vacuole or mitochondria? 18. Cell structure and function. Fill out the chart below using your notes or pages Cell Structure Function Cell membrane Nucleus Mitochondria Golgi complex Endoplasmic Reticula Ribosomes Cytoplasm Vacuole 19. Label the cell, showing each of the above structures.

4 20. Make a Venn Diagram showing similarities and differences between plant and animal cells. Be sure to include their unique organelles. Use your notes or pages in your textbook. 21. In the chart below, draw the processes of Asexual Reproduction. Use your notes and page 207 in your textbook. Process Sketch Description Budding Vegetative Propagation Binary Fission Regeneration

5 22. Make a Venn Diagram showing the similarities and differences between Asexual and Sexual reproduction. 23. What are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction? Advantages: a. b. Disadvantages: a. b. 24. What are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction? Advantages: a. b. Disadvantages:

6 25. Explain the type of reproduction shown and the genetic diversity that results from this type of reproduction. 26. During budding, an organism develops tiny buds on its body. The bud grows until it forms a new full sized organism and breaks away from its parent. The offspring bud will contain genes that are: (circle one of the choices below). A. 0% the same as the parent B. 50% the same as the parent C. 100% the same as the parent. Explain. 27. DNA >Chromosome > Nucleus-----Cell Write a statement that includes these three terms, defining the relationship between them. 28. How is phenotype determined by genotype? Include the definition of each in your answer. Genotype is Phenotype is Phenotype determined by genotype -

7 29. Define the following: Dominant Recessive Purebred/Homozygous Hybrid/ Heterozygous 30. Sexually reproducing species, have two copies of each gene known as alleles. The alleles can either be dominant or recessive. We use letters to symbolize the two alleles. The dominant allele is shown by a(n) case letter and the recessive allele is shown by a(n) case letter. 31. In Rock Pocket mice, the allele for DARK fur is dominant (F) and the allele for LIGHT fur is recessive (f) Fill out the genotype column below with the genotypes of the following offspring. 32. The genotype shows the two alleles for Rock Pocket mice and is represented by capital or lower-case letters. The phenotype is how those alleles (genes) are represented, or how they show up in the organism. For example, light or dark fur. Fill out the phenotype column below. Offspring Genotype (Question #31) Phenotype (Question #32) Purebred Recessive Hybrid (heterozygous) Purebred Dominant 33. In the Punnett Square shown below, what letter(s) belong in the lower right box? 34. One tall pea plant (TT) crosses with one short pea plant (tt). Show the crosses in the Punnett Square. What percent of the offspring will be tall? What percent of the offspring will be short?

8 35. One cat carries heterozygous, long-haired traits and its mate carries homozygous shorthaired traits. Create a Punnett square to determine the genotype of the possible offspring. Offspring 1: Genotype Phenotype Offspring 2: Genotype Phenotype Offspring 3: Genotype Phenotype Offspring 4: Genotype Phenotype 36. Huntington's Disease is an autosomal dominant disorder, meaning the gene carrying the disease is dominant. If two parents are heterozygous for this genetically inherited dominant trait, what is the probability that they will have a child together who does not have Huntington s Disease? Use a Punnett Square to show your work. 37. Put the following in order of smallest/simplest -----> largest/most complex Cat, bone cell, bones, skeletal tissue, skeletal system -----> ---> --> --> What to study and studying tips: 1. A week before the test, start going through the notes (both your own and the powerpoints posted on my website) and fill out this test review. Use the unit review section at the end of the unit on my website for additional help. If you lose it, print another one from the website. 2. Highlight key words, especially scientific vocabulary know these terms!! 3. Make flashcards, make a quizlet, find some way to quick quiz yourself! 4. Look over warm ups posted online these questions are VERY similar to test questions. A few key things to know for sure: What makes earth livable How does water make life possible The key differences between plant and animal cells The key organelles in these cells and what they do Punnett squares!!!!! Know genetic terms like the back of your hand!

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