CHIN ESE JOURNAL OF APPL IED ECOLO GY,J un. 2003,14 (6)

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1 CHIN ESE JOURNAL OF APPL IED ECOLO GY,J un. 2003,14 (6) , ( 1, ; 2,010021),.,, , 4, 12, 10.,,,., (2003) Q A Specif ic diversity and distribution characteristics of annual synusia in Alashan desert. L IAN G Cunzhu 1,2,L IU Zhongling 2,ZHU Zongyuan 2,WAN G Wei 2 ( 1 Institute of Grassland Science, National L aboratory of Grassland E2 cological Engineering, Northeast Normal University, Changchun , China; 2 Natural Resources Institute of In2 ner Mongolia University, Hohehaote , China). 2Chin. J. A ppl. Ecol.,2003,14 (6) : Alashan desert, sited in the east of Asia desert, is a special vegetation geography area in Asia desert region. Its geographic range is from west Ordos (108 E) to west Ejina (98 E), and from Gobi2Altai Mountain in Mongolia (43 N) to Hexi Corridor (37 39 N). The annual plants grow well, and are constant synusiae that act on im2 portant function in keeping the stabilization of desert ecosystem in Alashan desert. Moreover, the annual synusi2 ae may take on heavy responsibilities in local animal husbandry production. The specific diversity and distribution characteristics of annual synusiae are discussed in the paper. Based on our observation and research in many years, 61 species of annual plants, which could be divided into 4 types of annual short grass, annual S alsola, annual A rtemisia and annual weeds,are discovered in Alanshan desert. They belong to 12 families and 35 gener2 a, and could be divided into 12 areal types, and 10 species of them were endemic to Alashan. The annual plants grow widely on clayey deserts, sandy deserts, gritty deserts, gravelly deserts rocky deserts and oasis. In general, one or several plant species form summer rain synusiae, and form a homogeneous or patchy distribution pattern in desert communities. Sometimes, some plant species distribute along runoff line, and form a dendritic or line pat2 tern. The ecological adaptation and function were also discussed in the paper. Key words Alashan desert, Annual plant synusiae, Specific diversity, Distribution. 1, , 2,,, [1,2 ]., [4,6,7 ].,,. 2 (108 E),(98 E), (43 N), (37 39 N), 3 ( ) ,

2 ,.,,,,: ( ).,.. 9 (,5 7 ), , mm, mm, 50 mm,, 200 mm [5 ]., 7 8 9,59 % 75 %, [9 ]. 1 ( ) ( ) Table 1 Annual mean temperature and rainfall of main weather stations in Alashan desert Year Annual mean rainfall (mm) Jilan2 Bayan2 haote tai Alashan youqi Ejinaqi Annual mean temperature ( ) Jilan2 Bayan2 haote tai Alashan youqi Ejinaqi Average 3 The data are offered by Inner Mongolia Meteorolog2 ical Service.,,,( Tet raena mongolica) ( Potaninia mongolica) ( Helianthem um ordosicum ) ( Reaum uria t rigyna) ( A m mopiptanthus mongolicus),.., ,,4 m 4 m, 1 m 1 m ( ), 3,. := / 100 % [3 ], 3,20 %, 20 % 60 %,60 % , 61, 4 ( 2) :(32 ) (9 ) ( ) (6 ) ( ) (14 ), % , ( Chenopodi2 aceae) (11,32 ) ( Gramineae) (9,9 ) ( Composiae(5,6 ) ( Boraginaceae) (1,4 ) ( Crucif erae) (2,3 ), ( Caryophyllaceae) ( Leguminosae) ( Geraniacea) ( Euphorbiacea ) ( Plantaginaceae) ( Zygophyllaceae) ( Frankeniaceae) 1 1.,,, %, 9 23 %., ( 2), 1, 4,, (1 ) (6 ) (3 ) (16 ) 26,42. 6 %,., (5 ) () (7 ) (4 ) (4 ) (7 ) 2 (1 ) (2 ),. 61, 10, %. ( S til pnolepis), [8 ] ( 2 ) [10 ].,( Elachanthem um i nt rica2 t um ), ( ), ( Pugioni um ) ( ) [10 ]. 2 [10 ],,,,,

3 6 : Table 2 Plant species and their areal2types of annual synusiaes in Alashan desert Species Areal2types Species Areal2types Annual salsola Annual short grass A griophyllum pungens Temperate Asia A ristida adscenionis Pantropic A t riplex f era Temperate Asia Chloris virgata Pantropic A. cent ralasiatica Temperate Asia Crypsis aculeate North2temperate A. laevis West Part of Central Asia Heleochloa schoenoides North2temperate A. patens Temperate Asia Eragrostis minor Pantropic A. sibirica Temperate Asia Enneapogon borealis Pantropic Cornulaca alasthanica Endemic to Alashan Polypogon monspeliensis North2temperate B assia dasyphylla Tethys Setaria viridis Cosmopolitan B. hyssopif olia Asia desert T ragus racemosu Pan2temperate Chenopodium iljini Temperate Asia Annual a rtemisia S alicornia europaeri North2temperate A rtemisia demissa Temperate Asia Corisperm um heptapotamicum West Part of Central Asia A. scoparia Temperate Europe2Asia C. mongolicum Asia Media Cancrinia discoidea Asia desert C. patellif orme Endemic to Gobi Elachanthem um int ricatum Asia Media C. chinganicum Temperate Asia Neopallasia pectinata Tethys Kochia m acroptera Endemic to Alashan S tilpnolepis centif lora 2 K. melanoptera Asia desert Annual weeds Endemic to A lashan2o rdos M icropeplis arachnoidea Asia desert Ast ragalus lioui Endemic to Gobi Halogeton glomeratus Asia desert Erodium tibetanum Tethys S alsola pestif er Temperate Asia Zygophyllum loczyi Asia Media S. beticolor Asia Media Plantago lessingii Temperate Asia S. ikonnikovii Asia Media S pergularia salina North2temperate S. collina Temperate Europe2Asia L appula anocarpa Endemic to Alashan S. pellucida Asia desert L. myosotis North2temperate S. z aidamica Asia Media L. redowskii Temperate Asia S uaeda kossinskyi West Part of Central Asia L. deserticola Endemic to Alashan S. glauca Temperate Asia Euphorbia humif usa Temperate Asia S. heterophylla West Part of Central Asia Frankenia pulverulenta Tethys S. przew alskii Endemic to Alashan Pugionium calcaratum Endemic to Alashan S. corniculata Temperate Asia P. dolabratum Asia Media S. salsa Temperate Europe2Asia Lepidium alashanicum Endemic to Alashan S. prost rata Temperate Asia ( 66 [10 ] ) , ( 3 5)., ( Reaum uria soongori2 ca) ( S alsola passeri na ) ( Caragana tibetica) ( Zygophyll um x anthoxylon) ( O xyt ropis aciphylla),,, 6 7, 8 9, 4 5 cm, cm,,.,, ( Chloris vi rgata). ( Kali di2 um si nicum) ( S ym pegm a regelii),,, ( A risti da adscenionis ) ( Eragrostis m i nor).,.,,,. ( Gym nocarpos przew alskii ) ( S alsola laricif olia),,.,,,. ( A rtem isia sphaerocephalla) ( Calligonum ) ( N i2 t raria tangutorum ) ( Haloxylon am moden2 dron),.

4 Table 3 Dominant phytocoenosis and frequentness of occurrences of annual synusiaes in Alashan desert Types of phytocoenosis Frequency Habitats Form. Haloxylon am modendron A. B. BB. C Sandy,dry lake Form. A m mopiptanthus mongolicus AA. B. B. C Sandy,gritty desert Form. Ephedra przew alskii B. D Gritty desert Form. Reaum uria soongorica AAA. BB. C. D Gritty,gravel desert Form. R. t rigyna AA. B. C Gravel desert,rocky desert Form. Helianthem um ordosicum AA. B Rocky desert Form. Potaninia mongolica AA. BB. C Gritty desert Form Convolv ulus gortschakovii AA. BB. C Rocky,gravel desert Form Caragana tibetica AA. BBB. CC. D Gritty desert Form. C. korshinskii AA. BB. CC. D Sandy,gritty desert Form. Prunus mongolica A. B. CC Rocky desert Form. Tet raena mongolica AA. BB. C Gritty desert Form. Zygophyllum xanthoxylon A. BB. C Sandy,gravel desert Form. Gy m nocarpos przew alskii B Gravel desert Form. Nit raria sphaerocarpa BB Gravel desert Form. N. tangutorum AA. BB. C Sandy desert Form. N. roborowskii AAA. BB. C Salt sandy land desert Form. Oxyt ropis aciphylla A. BBB. C. D Gritty desert Form. A nabasis brevif olia AA. BB. Rocky desert Form. S y m pegma regelii A. B. D. Rocky,glayey desert Form. S alsola passerina A. BB. C. D Glayey desert Form. Kalidium sinicum A. BB. C. D Glayey desert Form. S alsola arbusculla BB. Gritty desert Form. S. laricif olia A. BB Rocky desert Form. S. abrotanoides A. BB. A Rocky desert Form. Iljinia regelii B Gritty desert Form. Ceratoides latens AAA. BBB. C Gritty desert Form. Hedysarum scoparium BB. D Sandy desert Form. A rtemisia sphaerocephalla BB Fixed or semi2fixed sandy land Form. B rachanthem um gobicum A. BB. C Gritty desert Form. B. pulvinat um A. B Gritty desert Form. Calligonum mongolicum B. D Sandy desert Form. C. alaschanicum D Sandy desert Form. C. gobicum B Sandy desert Form. Halogeton glomerat us B. B Saline desert Form. Micropeplis arachnoidea B. B Saline,gravel desert Form. S alsola zaidamica B. B Saline desert A : Annual short grass ;B : Annual S alsola ; C : Annual A rtemisia ;D : Annual weeds. AAA (BBB ) : High frequency ;AA(BB ) : Medium frequency ;A(B ) : Low frequency. The same below., ( N it raria sphaerocarpa),,,. ( A nabasis brevif olia),.,,, ( Crypsis aculeate ) ( Heleochloa schoenoi des),.,, ,.,,. ( S uaeda heterophylla) ( S al2 icornia europaer) ( Halogeton glomerat us),,,. ( B assia hyssopif olia),.,.,,,. ( A griophyll um pungens) ( Corisper

5 6 : Table 4 Specific composition of annual synusiae and distribution characteristics in Alashan oasis Types of oasis Form. Populus euphrotica Form. Elaeagnus angustif olia Form. Tamarix Form. Halostachys caspica Form. L icium ruthenicum Form. Calamagrostis epigejos Form. Phragmites aust ralis Form Achnatherum splendes Form. Ley m us secaliuns Form. Puccinella tenuif oria Form. Sophora alopecuroides Form. A lhagi maurorum var. sparsif olium Form. S alicornia europaea Form. Halogeton glomerat us Form. S uaeda Specific composition of annual synusiae Annual short grass : Eragrostis minor, Chloris virga2 ta, Setaria viridis, Crypsis ac2 uleate, Heleochloa schoenoides, Polypogon monspeliensis Annual S alsola : A t riplex cent ralasiatica, A. f era, A. laevis,a. patens, A. sibirica, S alsola colli2 na, S. pellucida, S. zaidamica, Micropeplis arachnoidea, S uaeda corniculata,s. glauca, S. przew alskii, S. hetero2 phylla, S. kossinskyi, S. prost rata, S. salsa, Bassia hyssopif olia, Halogeton glomera2 t us, S alicornia europaer Annual weeds : L. myosotis,l. redowskii, Frankenia pulverulenta, S pergu2 laria salina Distribution characteristic. One or several species form annual synusiae. Crypsis aculeate and Heleochloa schoenoides can form communities in the Ejina river One or several species form annual synusiae or communities. Frankenia pulverulenta forms itself community in the riverbed of the Ejina river after water. Other species scatter in communities 5 Table 5 Specific composition of annual synusiae and distribution characteristics in Alashan desert phytocoenosis Types of deserts Clayey desert Sandy desert Gritty desert () Gravelly desert Rocky desert Saline desert Specific composition of annual synusiae Chloris virgata, Eragrostis minor, A ristida adscenionis, Enneapogon borealis, Setaria viridis, Kochia melanoptera,k. macroptera, Bassia dasyphylla, S al2 sola collina, S. pellucida,a rtemisia scoparia, Neopal2 lasia pectinata ; Lepidium alashanicum Chloris virgata, Eragrostis minor, Setaria viridis, A griophyllum pungens, Cornulaca alasthanica,corisperm um patellif orme,c. chinganicum, C. mongolicum, S tilpnolepis centif lora, Pugionium dolabrat um, P. cal2 carat um Eragrostis minor, Enneapogon borealis, A ristida adsce2 nionis ; S alsola pestif er, S. pellucida, S. collina, S. beticolor, S. ikonnikovii, Micropeplis arachnoidea, Bassia dasyphylla,corisperm um mongolicum, C. heptapotamicum, A rtemisia scoparia, A. demissa, Neopallasia pectinata,elachanthem um int ricat um, Cancrini2 a discoidea,plantago lessingii, Erodium tibetanum, L appula deserticola,l. anocarpa Ast ragalus lioui, Euphorbia humif usa Eragrostis minor, Enneapogon borealis, Chloris virgata, A ristida adscenionis ; Micropeplis arachnoidea, Hologen2 ton glomerat u,kochia melanoptera, K. macroptera, Bassia dasyphylla, S alsola zaidamica,a rtemisia scopari2 a, Neopallasia pectinata,elachanthem um int ricat um A ristida adscenionis, Enneapogon borealis, Chloris vir2 gata, Tragus racemosus, Kochia melanoptera, Mi2 cropeplis arachnoidea,a rtemisia scoparia, Cancrinia discoidea, Zygophyllum loczyi Chloris virgata, Halogeton glomerat us, K. macroptera, A t riplex sibirica, A. cent ralasiatica, Chenopodium iljinii Distribution characteristic, One or several species form summer rain synu2 siae. Homogeneous or patchy distribution., Several species form summer rain synusiae. Patchy distribution.,. One or several species form summer rain synusiae. Ho2 mogeneous or patchy distribu2 tion in flatlands. Dendritic dis2 tribution in dry riverbed,. One or several species form summer rain sinusiae. Scattered distribu2 tion in typical desert, One or several species form summer rain sinusi2 ae. Dendritic distribution along runoff line. One or several species form small community patches

6 m um) ( Cornulaca alasthanica),,.,,,.,,,,,8.,,., ( M icropeplis arachnoi dea) ( S alsola z ai dam ica),., , ( A rtem isia scoparia) ( Neopallasia pecti nata),.,,., cm,.,,.,., ( Cancri nia discoi dea) ,,.,. ( Plantago lessi ngii),,. ( Ast ragal us lioui ),. ( Pugioni um dolabra2 t um) ( P. calcarat um ),,., ( L epi di um alashan2 icum ),( Zygophyll um loczyi),.., ( Frankenia pulveru2 lenta) ( S pergularia sali na). ( ),,.. 4,,.,,,,,,( ),,3 5 cm,., 5 12,., cm,30 40 cm, 20 cm., 726.,,,,,,,,..,.,,,,.,,,

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