der Maarel [9 ] ( diversity within a community, or intrabio2 coenotic diversity). CHIN ESE JOURNAL OF APPL IED ECOLO GY,J ul. 2002,13 (7)

Transcription

1 CHIN ESE JOURNAL OF APPL IED ECOLO GY,J ul. 2002,13 (7) ( 1, ; 2,133613),.,,,. 700m 19 1 ; 20 61, 2 15., (2002) Q A diversity of communities and their variety along altitude gradient on northern slope of Changbai Mountain. HAO Zhanqing, YU Deyong, YAN G Xiaoming 2,DIN G Zhihui 2 ( Institute of A pplied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, S henyang ; 2 A dminist rative B ureau of N ational N ature Reserve of Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province, A ntu ). 2Chin. J. A ppl. Ecol.,2002,13 (7) : From 700 to 2600m on northern slope of Changbai Mountain, twenty plots were investigated with an interval of 100 m in altitude, and diversity of communities and their variety along altitude gradient were studied. The re2 sults showed that in different successional layers of trees, or shrub and herb layers, richness and diversity de2 creased linearly with the increase of altitude. Tree species decreased from 19 species at 700m to only 1 species at timberline. Shrub and herb species decreased from 20 and 61 species at 700m to 2 and 15 species at 2600m re2 spectively. The peak values of richness of trees and herbs along altitude gradient were appeared just in the eco2 tones between different types of vegetation, and it reflected the characteristics of high species richness in eco2 tones. Key words Changbai Mountain, Plant community, diversity, gradient. 1,,,.,,,Van der Maarel [9 ] ( diversity within a community, or intrabio2 coenotic diversity).,,, [1 ].,,.,.,, m 45km. 700m 2. 8,,- 7. 3, [13 ]. [11,13 ].,, (1100m ) ( m) ( m) ( m) [2,8,10,12 ]. 212, 700m 3 ( KZCX22406) ,

2 m,100m,20, m, 32m 32m ;2000m,16m 16m. 1900m,16 8m 8m, 32m 32m = 1024m m,4 8m 8m, 16m 16m (256m 2 ). ( ),., < 1. 3m, > 1. 3m, () ;, ( ).,,,30cm, Shannon H, S [3 5 ]. H = 2 ρ s p ilogp i (1) j = 1, Pi i, S. E [5 ] : E = H/ ln S Simpson D [6,7 ], : D = ρ s p 2 i (3) j = 1,,, ,.,,.,.,. : (, 8cm) (,< 8 cm) (, < 1. 3,),. 1,. (2),: : S = L ( R 2 = ) (4) H = L ( R 2 = ) (5) : S = L ( R 2 = ) (6) 1 ( 32m 32m) Table 1 Tree species diversity of different layers at different altitudes ( 32m 32m) Layer Numbers Shannon S H E D 77 Can Suc Reg Can Suc Reg Can Suc Reg Can Suc Reg Can Suc Reg Can Suc Reg Can Suc Reg Can Suc Reg Can Suc Reg Can Suc Reg Can Suc Reg Can Suc Reg Can Suc Reg Can. : Canopy layer,suc. : Succession layer,reg. : Regeneration layer ;S :Species number,h :Shannon index,e :Shannon evenness,d :Dominance. The same below. H = L ( R 2 = ) (7) : S = L ( R 2 = ) (8) H = L ( R 2 = ) (9), L, S, H Shannon. 2,,

3 7 : 787,: S = L ( R 2 = ) (10) H = L ( R 2 = ) (11) 1100m, 2 ( 32m 32m) Table 2 Tree species diversity at different elevation based on important value( 32m 32m) Total S Shannon H E D m, ;,.,.,. 700m, 1. 4 / 100m, 700m ,.,,. 1,,. 700m 12, 1900m 2 ; 700m 10 9, 1900m m 2, 1900m m 1300m, 1800m,. 1800m.,,, ;,.,,,. 1 Fig. 1 Tree species diversity of different layers at different altitudes.. Canopy layer,. Succession layer,. Re2 generation layer,. Total., 1., 800m,1000m. 800m, 800m,800m,,,. 1000m,,

4 m, 53 %8 %. 1100m,., m,1700m.,,., m 1000m, 1100m,,. 1100m,,,., 1700m,,; 1900m,.,. 1700m, ;,,.,. 312 ;2000m,.,700m 20,, 2500m 2 ; m ; 1100m 2500m,( 3 2).,1800m.,,.,,. ( 3). 4, , 1500m ( 2). 1500m, m, [2 ]... 3 Table 3 Diversity of shurbs and herbs at different altitudes Shamon S H Shrubs E D Shamon S H Herbs E D Fig. 2 Species richness and diversity of shrubs and herbs at different alti2 tudes.,, ( 3),,, ,

5 7 : , 37., ,,,,. 4. 2,,,. 700m 19 1 ;20 61, 2 15.,,.,,,.,. 4. 3,,.,,,,. 1 Huston MA Biological Diversity : The Coexistence of Species on Changing Landscapes. Cambridge : Cambridge Universi2 ty Press Li W2H ( ),Deng K2M ( ),Li F ( ) Study on the community characteristics of dark conifer forest of Changbai Mountain. For Ecosyst Res (),7 :1 15 (in Chinese) 3 Ma K2P( ), Huang J2H( ), Yu S2L ( ), et al Plant community diversity in Dongling Mountain, Beijing, China 2. Species richness, evenness and species diversities. Acta Ecol Sin ( ),15 : (in Chinese) 4 Ma K2P( ) The measurement of community diversi2 ty. In : Qian Y2Q ( ) and Ma K2P ( ) eds. Principles and Methodologies of Biodiversity Studies. Beijing : China Science and Technology Press (in Chinese) 5 Magurran AE Ecological diversity and its measurement. New Jersy : Princeton University Press Peng S2L ( ) Plant community dynamics in sub2trop2 ical forests. Beijing : Science Press. 89 (in Chinese) 7 Qian H ( ) Ecological dominance of alpine tundra communities in Changbai Mountain. Chin J Ecol (),9 (2) :24 27 (in Chinese) 8 Qian H( ) Alpine tundra vegetation on the Changbai Mountain. For Ecosyst Res (), 6 : (in Chinese) 9 Van der Maarel E Species diversity in plant communities in relation to structure and dynamics. In : During HJ eds. Diversity and Pattern in Plant Communities. New Jersy : Princeton Universi2 ty Press Wang Z ( ), Xu Z2B ( ), Tan Z2X ( ) et al The main forest types and their features of community struc2 ture in northern slope of Chanbai Mountain. For Ecosyst Res ( ),1 :25 42 (in Chinese) 11 Zhang F2S ( ) and Li X2Y( ) Some thermal2 hydro characteristics of main forest types on north slope of Chang2 bai Mountain during growing season. For Ecosyst Res ( ),4 : (in Chinese) 12 Zhao D2C ( ) The altitudinal distribution belts of vegetation on Changbai Mountain. For Ecosyst Res ( ),1 :65 70 (in Chinese) 13 Zhi Z2W( ), Zhang F2S( ),Li X2Y( ), et al The primary study on water2heat conditions of forest ecosys2 tem on Changbai Mountain. For Ecosyst Res ( ),2 : (in Chinese),,1964,, E2mail : ac. cn