What is a Biome? An Overview of Biomes. The Holdridge Life Zones. Tundra 9/14/2010. In the following slides, you ll

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1 An Overview of Biomes What is a Biome? A biome describes a habitat type Biomes are primarily described by average temperature, annual precipitation, length of growing season, and dominant vegetation type The number of distinct biomes varies quite a lot, depending on what source you use I will describe 8 terrestrial (land) and 5 aquatic biomes. The Holdridge Life Zones In the following slides, you ll find A description of each biome A map showing the location of each biome 1-2 representative pictures of each biome Tundra cm per year of precipitation Avg. temperature <5 o C (often <0 o C) Short growing season (2-4 months) Dominant vegetation: lichens, mosses, short grass; no trees, few shrubs 1

2 Taiga (Boreal Forest) 50->200* cm per year of precipitation Avg. temperature <5-10 o C Short growing season (3-4 months) Long winters, short summers Dominant vegetation: conifers (evergreen trees) *higher rainfall areas are called temperate rain forests (and have milder winters and warmer summers than other taiga habitats) An aerial view of unbroken taiga in Siberia, Russia 2

3 Temperate Deciduous Forests cm per year of precipitation Avg. temperature 5-15 o C Seasonal: cold winters, hot summers Moderate-long growing season (4-9 mos) Dominant vegetation: deciduous trees Temperate Grasslands cm per year of precipitation Avg. temperature 5-20 o C Seasonal: cold winters, hot summers Moderate growing season (5-8 months) Dominant vegetation: short or tall grasses 3

4 Chaparral (Mediterranean, Temperate Shrubland) cm per year of precipitation Avg. temperature o C (often <0 o C) Mild winters, hot dry summers Always coastal moderate growing season (5-9 months) Dominant vegetation: shrubs, short trees, some larger trees Desert 0-25 cm per year of precipitation Avg. temperature 0-30 o C Short-Long growing season (3-12 months) Dominant vegetation: grasses, shrubs, cacti, few trees May have hot or cold deserts Hot deserts often fluctuate greatly in daily temperature (20 o C or more) 4

5 Savanna (Tropical Grassland) cm per year of precipitation Avg. temperature o C Long growing season (10-12 months) Wet/dry rather than hot/cold seasons Dominant vegetation: grasses, scattered trees Tropical Forests cm per year of precipitation Avg. temperature o C Little seasonal change in temperature Long growing season (12 months often) Wet/dry seasons (in dry forests), no seasons in rainforests Dominant vegetation: large trees, epiphytes 5

6 The biomes of a mountain mirror those on land as you move toward the pole For example Low elevations may be rain forest, desert, chaparral, or grassland Above this will be temperate grassland Above this will be taiga Above this will be tundra And above this will be ice and snow!! Mountains Salt water Cover ~75% of Earth s surface Contain ~95% of Earth s liquid water Four major regions Intertidal (along shoreline) Neritic (from shore to continental shelf, ~200 m deep) Oceanic (deep open water) Benthic (the ocean floor) Oceans Freshwater Relatively still, non-flowing water Contain most liquid fresh water 3 main regions Littoral (near shore, often lots of vegetation) Limnetic (open water) Benthic (lake/pond bottom) Lakes/Ponds Rivers/Streams Freshwater Moving, flowing water Energy input from both land and within river 6

7 Mix of fresh and salt water Occur where rivers enter ocean Have gradient of salinity Very productive; often dominated by saltmarsh grasses Estuaries Swamps/Bogs/Marshes Occur in low-lying areas May be freshwater or fresh/salt mix May have many partially submerged trees or tall grasses 7

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