Singler/Grant Applied ES2 Midyear Topic Outline Midyear Date: Friday 1/19/2018 8:00 a.m. Location: Room B330

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1 Name: Singler/Grant Applied ES2 Midyear Topic Outline Midyear Date: Friday 1/19/2018 8:00 a.m. Location: Room B330 Bring pencils and a calculator. You may prepare & use 1 handwritten 4 x 6 note card. UNIT 1 Skills of a Scientist & Intro to Earth Science Test Date: 9/28/2017 Topics: branches of earth science; observation, inference & prediction; scientific measurement & measurement tools (metric ruler, graduated cylinder, thermometer); drawing & reading graphs UNIT 2 The Universe Test Date: 10/20/2017 Topics: relative sizes of objects in space; what is a star; electromagnetic energy & colors of visible light; properties of stars and the HR diagram; Big Bang theory & evidence for formation of universe; age of universe UNIT 3 Density Test Date: 11/9/2017 Topics: characteristics of matter (mass, volume & density); comparing density (what floats & what sinks); calculating density (mass/volume) & using the density triangle UNIT 4 Solar System Test Date: 12/8/2017 Topics: objects in solar system; what is the Sun; names of planets in order from Sun; age of solar system; rotation & revolution; differences between terrestrial & jovian (giant) planets; compare/contrast planets using planet data chart; location & characteristics of asteroid belt; geocentric vs. heliocentric; difference between circle and ellipse; Kepler s laws; perihelion & aphelion; gravity UNIT 5 Energy & Energy Transfer Test Date: 1/9/2018 Topics: parts of a wave (crest, trough, wavelength, frequency); electromagnetic spectrum; energy transfer processes: radiation, conduction & convection (definitions & examples); direction of energy flow; absorption vs. reflection and how it affects temperature of a substance; heating & cooling of land vs. water; effects of uneven heating on density of fluids

2 STUDY YOUR ETYMOLOGY ALL THE BLUE SHEETS! How should I begin to prepare for the midyear exam? 1. Get organized. Find all the tests from this semester and the study guides completed for each test. 2. Go over old tests. Correct the mistakes made the first time around by looking up information in notes, labs and textbook. 3. Highlight things that you do not remember and/or do not understand. These are the topics you will want to spend the most time studying for the exam. 4. For topics that you feel confident about, take a little time to review them and be sure that you remember them correctly. (Don t just ignore them.) 5. For topics that you do not remember or understand, go over related sections of study guides and practice questions. Make notes on a note card (handwritten) to help you remember things that you might easily confuse.

3 Name: Singler/Grant Applied ES2 Midyear Practice Midyear Date: Friday 1/19/2018 8:00 a.m. Location: Room B330 This packet provides practice questions for topics covered this semester. Refer to the Midyear Topic Outline, study guides and challenges, notes and textbook to help you prepare. UNIT 1 Skills of a Scientist & Intro to Earth Science 1. Match the branch of ES with its definition. astronomy a. study of earth s atmosphere geology b. study of space beyond earth s atmosphere meteorology c. study of earth s salt water bodies oceanography d. study of the solid earth 2. Identify the branch of earth science associated with each topic: hurricane tracking changes in earth s climate fossils & earth history predicting volcanic eruptions waves & tides study of black holes 3. Define each of the following terms: observation inference prediction 4. Which statement about a rock is an inference? (a) It has a dark color. (b) It has a bitter taste. (c) It has large crystals. (d) It formed deep underground. Global warming will cause shorter winters and more intense hurricanes. This statement is an example of a(n): (a) observation (b) inference (c) prediction The air is hot and humid. These are: (a) observations (b) inferences (c) predictions 5. Measure the line below in each of the following units: millimeters centimeters 6. Read the volume of the graduated cylinder on the right, in milliliters: Scale goes up by ml per line Volume =

4 7. Read the temperature on the thermometer in C AND F: Celsius scale goes up by C per line; temp = Fahrenheit scale goes up by F per line; temp = 8. Measure the following on Eeyore: (a) the distance between the tips of his ears in mm: (b) the distance between the heels of his feet in cm: 8. Use the graph to answer these questions. x-axis scale: 1 box = y-axis scale: 1 box = What was the temperature at 9 a.m. in: Florida? What was the temperature at 10 a.m. in New York? The hottest temperatures occurred at what time of day? How many degrees hotter was it in Florida than in New York at 11 a.m.?

5 Name: Midyear Date: Friday 1/19/2018 8:00 a.m. Singler/Grant Applied ES2 Midyear Practice Location: Room B330 UNIT 2 The Universe 1. Make one observation and one inference based on the Astronomy picture of the day (APOD) shown on the right. It s a side view of a spiral galaxy that is about 30 million light years away. apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1701/ngc891falesiedi.jpg 2. Order these from smallest to largest: galaxy, star, moon, planet, galaxy cluster 3. What is a star? A star produces energy when atoms of the element in the star s core combine by the process of to form helium. 4. Different types of energy that travel across space make up the spectrum. Humans only see light, which can be separated into colors. The colors, from lowest energy (longest wavelength) to highest energy (shortest wavelength) are: low high 5. The color of a star is related to its. The hottest stars are in color and the coolest stars are. How bright a start appears depends on its size, temperature and from Earth. 6. The H-R Diagram plots stars based on their brightness and temperature. The y-axis shows, and the x-axis shows Stars are (brighter OR dimmer) as you go from bottom to top of the diagram. The coolest stars are (red OR blue) and are on the (right OR left) side. The hottest stars are (red OR blue) on the (right OR left) side. A B C D

6 7. Match the letters A, B, C and D on the diagram with the characteristics of the stars they represent:. Hot & dim Cool & dim Hot & bright Cool & bright 8. Use the HR Diagram to classify and compare different stars on the diagram. Compare Rigel with Betelgeuse in terms of brightness and temperature: Compare the characteristics of white dwarf stars with red dwarf stars: Compare the Sun to the star Regulus: BRIGHTNESS (compared to the Which is brighter: Sirius OR Vega Which is cooler: Arcturus OR Spica 9. Name the theory that astronomers use to explain the formation of the universe: SURFACE TEMPERATURE (in Kelvin) Describe, in 2 to 3 sentences, what the theory says: Evidence for the theory? The main elements in the universe are and Studies of light from stars in distant galaxies indicate that the universe is (circle one: contracting OR expanding). Astronomers have detected low levels of energy spread through the universe; they call this the cosmic background radiation, and it and is believed to be leftover energy from the formation of the universe. How old (approximately) is the universe?

7 Name: Midyear Date: Friday 1/19/2018 8:00 a.m. Singler/Grant Applied ES2 Midyear Practice Location: Room B330 UNIT 3 Density 1. Mass is measured with a ; unit of measurement Volume is formula to calculate volume of a rectangular solid = An irregular solid is measured by displacement; a liquid is measured with a The unit of measurement is Know how to read different measurement tools. 2. Calculate the following. Show work and label units. (a) VOLUME of a rectangular object w/ length = 6.0 cm, width = 5.0 cm, height = 2.0 cm (b) VOLUME of rock when placed in graduated cylinder w/ 20 ml of H 2 0, water level rises to 29 ml (c) MASS of liquid graduated cylinder mass + container = 42.1 g; mass of liquid plus graduated cylinder = 57.2 g 3. Density is defined as Density = mass volume The units of density are 4. Will the density of a substance increase, decrease or stay the same if: (a) mass increases but volume stays the same? (b) volume increases but mass stays the same? 5. Be able to use the density triangle to calculate mass, density or volume of different substances. mass = volume = density = D m v

8 (a) Calculate the density of a substance whose volume is 25.2 ml and mass is 5.2 g. Given: Want to find: Formula: Plug-In: Answer: (b) Calculate the volume of a substance whose density is 0.90 g/cm 3 and mass is 7.1 g. Given: Want to find: Formula: Plug-In: Answer: (c) Calculate the mass of a substance with volume = 3.15 ml and density = 0.79 g/ml. Given: Want to find: Formula: Plug-In: 1 Answer: 3 6. When comparing substances of different densities, the more dense substance will (float/sink/hover) and the less dense substance will 2 (float/sink/hover) when placed in the same container. Of the objects shown in the container above, the densest shape is: and the least dense is 4 7. Graph reading practice x axis variable & units y axis variable & units Mass = 10 g Volume of liquid A: Volume of liquid B: Volume of liquid C: Volume = 4 ml Mass of liquid A:

9 Name: Midyear Date: Friday 1/19/2018 8:00 a.m. Singler/Grant Applied ES2 Midyear Practice Location: Room B330 UNIT 4 Solar System 1. Name the types of objects that make up the solar system: Name the 8 major planets in order of increasing distance from the sun. Where is the asteroid belt? The SUN is a made mostly of the element that contains about % of the mass of the solar system. It is about years old. 2. Use the Planet Data Chart in your notes to answer the following questions. Which planet has: the longest period of rotation? the highest density? the lowest density? the highest mass compared to Earth? the smallest diameter? fastest spin on its axis? slowest orbital velocity? the most moons? the strongest pull of gravity from the sun? 8. Which planets are the terrestrial planets? Which planets are the Jovian planets? Put t for characteristics of terrestrial planets and J for characteristics of Jovian planets. high density large diameter low mass low density small diameter high mass many moons few or no moons closer to sun slower orbital velocity faster orbital velocity farther from sun slower rotation rates faster rotation rates short periods of revolution long periods of revolution The asteroid belt is more like the (circle one): terrestrial planets jovian planets 9. Match the terms with their definitions. orbit of planet around Sun sun-centered solar system shape defined by a single focus in the center A. perihelion B. aphelion C. rotation

10 place in planet s orbit where it is closest to Sun shape defined by 2 foci place in planet s orbit where it is farthest from Sun earth-centered solar system spinning of planet on its axis D. revolution E. geocentric F. heliocentric G. ellipse H. circle 10. The scientist who described the laws of planetary motion was 1 st law: Planets orbit the sun in shaped paths, with the sun at one focus. During its orbit around the sun, a planet s distance from the sun changes. What is the difference between a circle and an ellipse? 2 nd law: A line from the planet to the sun sweeps through equal areas in equal time. As a planet orbits the sun, its speed is (slower / faster) when it is closer to the sun than when it is farther from the sun. 3 rd law: A planet s period of revolution gets (shorter / longer) as its distance from the sun increases. The planet with the shortest period of revolution is, and has the longest period of revolution. 11. Based on Kepler s laws: Label on of the points in the ellipse on the right as the Sun. Label the point on the ellipse that is closest to the sun (perihelion) and the point that is farthest from the sun (aphelion) Show where in its orbit of the Sun a planet would move faster and where it would move slower. 12. The force that keeps planets in orbit around the Sun is called. Its strength is greater when masses are bigger and/or distance is (closer / farther). 13. Astronomers believe that the solar system formed from a (a cloud of gas and dust) that contracted and heated up until a star formed. The age of the solar system is approximately

11 Name: Midyear Date: Friday 1/19/2018 8:00 a.m. Singler/Grant Applied ES2 Midyear Practice Location: Room B330 UNIT 5 Energy & Energy Transfer 1. Know the parts of a wave: crest, trough, wavelength. Label the crest, trough & wavelength on this diagram: What is frequency? As wavelength gets smaller, frequency (circle): increases/decreases/stays same As wavelength gets longer, energy (circle): increases/decreases/stays same Which wave shown below has the shortest wavelength? Which wave shown below has the lowest frequency? A B C D 2. Use the diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum in your notes to answer these questions. List the types of radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing wavelength: short long List the colors of visible light in order from longest to shortest wavelength: long short 3. For each pair listed, circle the one with more energy: gamma OR x-ray radio OR microwave visible OR ultraviolet visible OR infrared gamma OR radio microwave OR x-ray 4. For each pair listed, circle the color that has more energy: red OR blue orange OR green violet OR yellow For each pair listed, circle the color that has the longer wavelength: orange OR red blue OR violet green OR orange 5. What is the source of energy for Earth s atmosphere? 6. Energy is transferred FROM (hotter/colder) objects TO (hotter/colder) objects. When a substance takes in energy, it (absorbs/radiates/reflects) energy. When a substance gives off energy, it (absorbs/radiates/reflects) energy. When light rays bounce off a surface, it (absorbs/radiates/reflects) energy.

12 7. Match the type of energy transfer with its definition and state of matter in which it occurs. radiation a. movement of substances due to density differences conduction b. energy transfer by waves across space convection c. molecule to molecule energy transfer by direct contact d. most efficient in solids e. most efficient in fluids (liquids and gases) f. no molecules required 8. Match the type of energy transfer with examples of each process. radiation a. ironing a pair of pants conduction b. circulation of heated air in a room convection c. getting a sunburn d. heating food in a microwave e. boiling water in a pot f. frying a pancake 9. Darker surfaces absorb (more/less) energy and reflect (more/less) energy than lighter surfaces. A substance that absorbs more energy will radiate (more/less) energy. Land surfaces absorb energy (faster/slower) than water and cool off (faster/slower). 10. Explain how temperature and density differences in a fluid cause convection. As a substance heats up, its molecules move (faster/slower) and (expand/contract). This causes volume to (increase/decrease) and density to (increase/decrease). The substance (rises/sinks). As the substance cools, the opposite occurs: molecules (faster/slower) and (expand/contract); volume (increases/decreases) and density (increases/decreases). The substance (rises/sinks). Warm air is (more/less) dense than cooler air, so warm air (rises/sinks). 11. Draw and label a convection current.