Test ABCDE. 1. What is the oldest era on the geological timescale? A. Precambrian B. Paleozoic C. Mesozoic D. Cenozoic

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1 Test ABCDE 1. What is the oldest era on the geological timescale? A. Precambrian B. Paleozoic C. Mesozoic D. Cenozoic 2. A light-year is defined as- F. the distance from Earth to the Sun. G. the distance from Earth to Alpha Centauri. H. the distance light traveled in one day. J. the distance light travels in one year. 3. The stars in the universe, except the Sun, are very far away. The distance from Earth to a star is determined using the measurement of light years. Since the Sun s light only takes about eight minutes to reach Earth, then the other stars light can take many years before it is visible to people on Earth. What is a dilemma when considering the light coming from a star that is 40 light years away from Earth? A. Many stars a lot closer to Earth than 40 light years so their light waves will reach Earth faster than the Sun. B. The absolute magnitude of a star that is 40 light years away would be very dim to the people on Earth. C. All stars are 40 light years away because their sizes, in the sky, are all the same as we observe them. D. A star that is 40 light years away could already be deceased before its light reaches Earth. 4. A car travels at a constant speed of 15 m/s for 2 minutes. The car increases its speed from 15 to 25 m/s during the next minute and then travels at a constant speed of 25 m/s for 2 more minutes. Which of the following graphs best represents the car s motion during this 5-minute period? F. H.

2 G. J. 5. Why do astronomers use light years instead of kilometers to measure the distance between stars? A. Not all people understand the size of a kilometer. B. Distances in space are too large to be conveniently measured with kilometers. C. Kilometers are only accurate for measurements on Earth. D. Distances in space are not large enough to be measured accurately with kilometers. 6. A light year is equal to 9 trillion kilometers. A child is born on Earth in the year An observer in space uses a telescope to watch the child's first birthday party from a planet 27 light years away. During that year does the observer see the party? F G H J A light year is equals 9.46 trillion kilometers. How far will light travel in 30 years? A km B km C km D km 8. Scientists are trying to design a probe to travel to a distant star, orbit around the star for a year and then return to earth. They want the entire experiment to be completed within a 10 year time period. Which of the following stars would they need to select?

3 F. Sirius G. Betelgeuse H. Vega J. Proxima Centauri 9. An unmanned space probe involved in exploring Proxima Centauri sends an error message by radio back to Earth. Which of the following represents the fastest response time that technicians could possibly deliver instructions back to the probe by radio after they receive the message? A minutes depending upon interference from Solar flares B. 8.4 years C. Radio waves are too slow to travel to Proxima Centauri D. 4.2 years 10. The graph below shows distance over time.

4 Which of these situations could be represented by this graph? F. A student walks 1.5 km to a friend s house in 40 minutes. The two students then walk another 1.5 km to school in 20 minutes. G. A student walks 1.5 km to a friend s house in 20 minutes. The two students then walk another 1.5 km to school in 40 minutes. H. A student walks 1.5 km to a friend s house in 30 minutes. The two students then walk another 1.5 km to school in 30 minutes. J. A student walks 1.5 km to a friend s house in 20 minutes. The two students then walk another 1.5 km to school in 60 minutes. 11. The table below shows the distances of three stars from the sun. Students were asked to make a model of the three stars and to include the sun and Earth in the model. They chose to use a scale of 1 meter : 1 lightyear. Which model best represents the data? A.

5 B. C. D. 12. A student runs two times around a running path at a local park. Each lap is 3 km. The student completes the first lap in 20 minutes. The student then sits on a bench and rests for5 minutes before completing the second lap in 25 minutes. Which graph best represents the student s motion? F. G.

6 H. J. 13. Use the following diagram to answer the question. Which is the correct wavelength and amplitude of the wave? A. wavelength = 3 mm; amplitude = 2 mm B. wavelength = 5 mm; amplitude = 1 mm C. wavelength = 3 cm; amplitude = 1 cm D. wavelength = 5 cm; amplitude = 2 cm

7 14. Electromagnetic waves travel through many materials very quickly. This property has been utilized in many ways. Which of the following do not use electromagnetic waves? F. X-ray machines G. Electric fans H. Radio J. Cell phones 15. Using the diagram of the Electromagnetic Spectrum, which example of wave patterns would best illustrate the visible light wave pattern that we see? A. C. B. D.

8 16. The remaining distance that the horses numbered 2, 1 and 5 must race is 200 meters. What would their average speed be if it will take horse number 2 - twenty seconds, horse number 1 - ten seconds and horse number 5 five seconds to complete the race? In the grid, record your answer to the nearest tenth of meters/second. 17. Which measurement is the basic difference between ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation? A. Wave velocity B. Temperature C. Wavelength D. Half-life 18. A student walks 2 km in 30 minutes. What is the student s average speed in km/h? Record your answer and fill in the bubbles on your answer document. Be sure to use the correct place value. 19. A student sets up the investigation shown below.

9 The movement of colored water through the gravel best models A. condensation of water vapor B. surface runoff of precipitation C. conservation of water D. pollution of groundwater 20. Some students were investigating the speed of a toy car they built. They performed two trials and recorded their data in the table below. What was the average speed of the toy car during the two trials to the nearest tenth of a m/s? Record your answer and fill in the bubbles on your answer document. Be sure to use the correct place value. 21. A bus travels 20 km in 30 minutes. What is the average speed of the bus? A. 20 km/h B. 30 km/h C. 40 km/h D. 50 km/h

10 22. Quasars are extremely distant celestial bodies. Investigators using a special telescope determined that a certain quasar was emitting waves with a frequency of Hz. An electromagnetic spectrum is shown. The investigators were most likely using a telescope that detects F. microwaves G. visible light H. x-rays J. gamma rays 23. Our sun is best described as a - A. protostar B. dwarf star C. variable star D. main-sequence star 24. Most stars in the universe are part of a galaxy. Which statement would identify our Sun s placement in our galaxy? F. The Sun can be found in the center of the galaxy because it is the center of our solar system. G. The galaxy, which our sun is a part of, is disc-shaped; the sun is found near the outer edge. H. Our Sun is part of a circular galaxy and it is found on the outer edge. J. The Sun, like other stars in our galaxy, can be found close to a bulge in the center.

11 25. The sun is a medium-sized star that sits at the edge of the Milky Way Galaxy. Which of the following diagrams correctly demonstrates the shape of the Milky Way Galaxy? A. A. B. B. C. C. D. D.

12 26. Which of the following hypotheses best explains the data in the chart above? F. The Sun appears much dimmer than other stars because Earth s atmosphere filters much of the solar radiation. G. The Sun appears much brighter than other stars because of the Sun s proximity to Earth relative to the othe stars. H. Wolf 359 appears much brighter than the Sun because the Sun is significantly closer to the galactic center. J. Higher apparent magnitudes indicate brighter stars. 27. Why does Earth get more energy from the sun than from all the other stars in the universe combined? A. The sun is much larger than the other stars. B. The sun is much hotter than the other stars. C. The sun is much more dense than the other stars. D. The sun is much closer than the other stars. 28. Which of the following belongs with the group shown above? F. Planet G. Asteroid

13 H. White dwarf J. Galaxy 29. Rhea is a moon of Saturn. Which of these facts about Rhea best indicates that it does not have a water cycle in which water changes state? A. Its radius is 765 km. B. Its density is about 1.3 kg/m 3. C. Its period of rotation is about 4.5 Earth days. D. Its temperature is between 174 C and 220 C. 30. Stars appear to have different colors because they have different - F. temperatures. G. distances. H. gravity. J. ages. 31. Early astronomers observed lights that wandered among the stars. Technology has allowed scientists to identify these as - A. constellations. B. asteroid belts. C. sun spots. D. planets. 32. Galaxies are best described as - F. rare in the universe. G. always spherical in shape. H. clusters of billions of stars. J. clouds of gases around stars.

14 33. Stars are classified on the Hertzsprung - Russell diagram according to their absolute magnitude and their surface temperatures at a given time in a star s life cycle. What classification would a star have if it was very hot and very bright? A. Main Sequence B. White Dwarf C. Supergiant D. Giant 34. Stars in the universe are classified on the Hertzsprung Russell Diagram as a tool to help astronomers

15 determine the life stage of a star. What is one limitation when using this tool? F. The diagram does not show the approximate age of a star. G. A star s surface temperature is not always determined by its color. H. Many stars found in the universe are not included on the diagram. J. The diagram was designed incorrectly because the surface temperature should increase not decrease when moving left to right. 35. The Milky Way galaxy is described as a disk of stars orbiting a central point on the disk. Which of these best explains why people on Earth cannot see the entire shape of the Milky Way? A. Earth is a part of this galaxy. B. Many more stars exist outside the galaxy. C. The stars in the center of the galaxy are extremely small. D. The center of the galaxy consists of a dense cluster of stars. 36. In the classroom demonstration shown below, a rubber ball is dropped from Position 1. The ball bounces as shown. At which of these positions does the ball have both the greatest kinetic energy and the least potential energy?

16 F. Position 1 G. Position 2 H. Position 3 J. Position The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram below shows how the brightness, surface temperature,and color of stars are related. Which of these observations of Barnard s Star is most likely accurate? A. Barnard s Star is less bright than the sun, has a surface temperature below 3,800 K, and is red. B. Barnard s Star is less bright than the sun, has a surface temperature above 3,800 K, and is red. C. Barnard s Star is brighter than the sun, has a surface temperature below 5,300 K, and is yellow. D. Barnard s Star is brighter than the sun, has a surface temperature above 5,300 K, and is yellow. 38. Distances in space are often measured in light-years. A light-year is the distance that light can travel in one year. The distances in space are so great that light from the stars takes years to travel to Earth from the nearest stars and millions of years to travel from the depths of space. The star Proxima Centauri is 4.2 light years from Earth. The star Sirius A is 8.6 light years from Earth and is the brightest star in the night sky. If light left the star Sirius in November of In what year would it reach Earth? F G H J. Unable to determine from the information given.

17 39. Four students were asked to classify the activities of the people in the picture below as examples of either potential or kinetic energy. Which student correctly classified the activities? A. C. B. D. 40. A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is shown below.

18 Based on this diagram, which type of stars would belong to spectral class M and have the highest luminosity? F. Main-sequence stars G. Giants H. White dwarfs J. Supergiants 41. Four students are asked to describe a nebula and a star. Their responses are shown in the table below. Which student described these two celestial bodies correctly? A. Student 1

19 B. Student 2 C. Student 3 D. Student Two stars are identified on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram below. Based on this diagram, how do the characteristics of Star 1 and Star 2 compare? F. Star 1 is cooler and less bright than Star 2. G. Star 1 is hotter and brighter than Star 2. H. Star 1 is cooler and brighter than Star 2. J. Star 1 is hotter and less bright than Star A student drew the diagram below to show the movement of water through a hydroelectric dam.

20 The student used the diagram to describe changes in the potential and kinetic energy of the water. At which location is the gravitational potential energy of the water the greatest? A. Location W B. Location X C. Location Y D. Location Z 44. Which of these correctly compares the masses of different objects in the universe? F. A moon has less mass than a star and more mass than the planet it orbits. G. A planet has less mass than a galaxy and more mass than the star it orbits. H. A galaxy has less mass than a moon and more mass than a planet. J. A star has less mass than a galaxy and more mass than a planet.

21 45. The picture shows sand used to make a model of a galaxy. In the model, each grain of sand best represents A. a comet B. a black hole C. an asteroid D. a star