OPTION E, ASTROPHYSICS TEST REVIEW

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "OPTION E, ASTROPHYSICS TEST REVIEW"

Transcription

1 IB PHYSICS Name: DEVIL PHYSICS Period: Date: BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS OPTION E, ASTROPHYSICS TEST REVIEW S1. This question is about the nature of certain stars on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and determining stellar distance. The diagram below shows the grid of a Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram on which the positions of the Sun and four other stars A, B, C and D are shown A B Luminosity ( L) (Sun L = 1) 1 Sun 10 2 C 10 4 D 10 6 State an alternative labelling of the axes, Surface temperature ( T / K) (i) x-axis... y-axis... Complete the table below Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 1 of 19

2 (d) (e) Star A B C D Type of star Explain, using information from the H-R diagram, and without making any calculations, how astronomers can deduce that star B is larger than star A. Using the following data and information from the H-R diagram, show that star B is at a distance of about 700 pc from Earth. Apparent visual brightness of the Sun = W m 2 Apparent visual brightness of star B = W m 2 Mean distance of the Sun from Earth = 1.0 AU 1 parsec = AU Explain why the distance of star B from Earth cannot be determined by the method of stellar parallax. S2. This question is about the possible evolution of the Universe. Size of Universe The diagram below is a sketch graph that shows three possible ways in which the size of the Universe might change with time. Depending on which way the size of the Universe changes with time, the Universe is referred to either being open or flat or closed. On the diagram, identify each type of Universe. Time 2012 Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 2 of 19

3 Complete the table below to show how the mean density ρ of each type of Universe is related to the critical density ρ 0. Type of Universe Relation between ρ and ρ 0 Open Flat Closed S3. This question is about white dwarfs and neutron stars. State the property that determines whether a star ends its life as a white dwarf or as a neutron star. Define the Chandrasekhar limit and use this concept to explain the difference between a white dwarf and neutron star. State the name given to a rotating neutron star. S4. This question is about galactic redshift, the Hubble constant and the age of the Universe. State how the observed redshift of light from many distant galaxies is explained. Using the axes below sketch a graph to show how the recessional speed v between galaxies varies with the distance d between them. (Please note this is a sketch graph; you do not need to add any numerical values.) State how the Hubble constant is determined from such a graph v 0 d 2012 Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 3 of 19

4 (d) A value for the Hubble constant is 100 km s 1 Mpc 1. Use this value to estimate the age of the Universe in years. (1 Mpc km, 1 year s) S5. This question is about some facts regarding some of the planets in the Solar system. Four of the planets in the Solar system are Jupiter, Earth, Mars and Pluto. List these four planets in order of increasing distance from the Sun. nearest increasing distance from Sun List these four planets in order of increasing diameter. furthest smallest increasing diameter largest S6. This question is about some of the properties of Barnard s star. Barnard s star, in the constellation Ophiuchus, has a parallax angle of arc-second as measured from Earth. With the aid of a suitable diagram, explain what is meant by parallax angle and outline how it is measured. Deduce that the distance of Barnard s star from the Sun is 5.94 ly. (6) 2012 Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 4 of 19

5 (d) apparent brightness of Barnard's star The ratio is apparent brightness of the Sun (i) Define the term apparent brightness. luminosity of Barnard's star Determine the value of the ratio (1 ly = AU). luminosity of the Sun The surface temperature of Barnard s star is about K. Using this information and information about its luminosity, explain why Barnard s star cannot be (i) a white dwarf. a red giant. S7. This question is about the evolution of stars. (d) Outline the process that provides the source of energy for stars while on the main sequence. State the conditions required for the above process to take place. State the reason why stars leave the main sequence. Main sequence stars eventually evolve to form red giants. With reference to the Chandrasekhar limit, describe and distinguish between the subsequent evolutionary paths of red giant stars that have evolved from main sequence stars of mass 2012 Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 5 of 19

6 (i) about two times that of the Sun. about ten times that of the Sun. S8. This question is about Cepheid variables. Define (i) luminosity. apparent brightness. State the mechanism for the variation in the luminosity of the Cepheid variable. The variation with time t, of the apparent brightness b, of a Cepheid variable is shown below Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 6 of 19

7 10 2 b / 10 W m A B Time / days Two points in the cycle of the star have been marked A and B. (i) Assuming that the surface temperature of the star stays constant, deduce whether the star has a larger radius after two days or after six days. Explain the importance of Cepheid variables for estimating distances to galaxies. (d) (i) The maximum luminosity of this Cepheid variable is W. Use data from the graph to determine the distance of the Cepheid variable Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 7 of 19

8 Cepheids are sometimes referred to as standard candles. Explain what is meant by this. S9. This question is about the Big Bang model. (d) Describe what is meant by cosmic background radiation. Explain how cosmic background radiation is evidence in support of the Big Bang model of the universe. State one other piece of evidence in support of the Big Bang model. A student makes the statement that as a result of the Big Bang, the universe is expanding into a vacuum. Discuss whether the student s statement is correct. S10. This question is about galaxies. Draw a sketch showing the basic structure of the Milky Way galaxy. Mark the approximate position of the solar system Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 8 of 19

9 A particular spectral line of light from a laboratory source has a wavelength of 658 nm. The wavelength of this line of light from a distant galaxy is 670 nm. Calculate the recessional speed of the galaxy. (i) Draw a sketch graph to show how the recessional speed of galaxies varies with distance from Earth. (This is a sketch graph; you do not need to put any values on the axes.) v (0,0) d Deduce how 1 H 0 may be used to estimate the age of the universe. (iii) Outline how Hubble s constant, H o is determined from your graph Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 9 of 19

10 S11. This question is about various bodies in the universe. Briefly describe the nature of a star. Distinguish between a constellation and a galaxy. Constellation: Galaxy: S16. This question is about the properties of the star Arcturus. The following data is for the star Arcturus. Distance from Earth / m Apparent magnitude Absolute magnitude Spectral type Luminosity / W K Explain the difference between apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude. State and explain, with reference to the data, whether Arcturus would be visible without the aid of a telescope on a clear night. Techniques for determining stellar distances include the use of stellar parallax, spectroscopic parallax and Cepheid variables. (i) Calculate the distance, in pc, of Arcturus from the Earth. State and explain which technique would be most suitable for determining the distance to Arcturus Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 10 of 19

11 (d) (iii) Outline the method you have chosen in your answer to. State how it may be deduced from the data that the surface temperature of Arcturus is lower than that of the Sun. The temperature of Arcturus is 4000 K. (e) (f) Calculate (i) (iii) the surface area of Arcturus. the radius of Arcturus. the wavelength at which the light from Arcturus has its maximum intensity. Using your answers to (e) deduce the stellar type to which Arcturus belongs. (Total 20 marks) 2012 Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 11 of 19

12 S17. One of the most intense sources known to radio astronomers is the Galaxy NGC5128. Long exposure photographs show it to be a giant elliptical galaxy crossed by a band of dark dust. It lies about light years away from Earth. Describe any differences between this galaxy and the Milky Way. Hubble s law predicts that NGC5128 is moving away from Earth. (i) State Hubble s law. State and explain what experimental measurements need to be taken in order to determine the Hubble constant. A possible value for the Hubble constant is 60 km s 1 Mpc 1. Use this value to estimate (i) the recession speed of NGC5128. the age of the universe. S18. This question is about eclipsing binary stars. In a particular binary star system, star A has apparent brightness W m 2 and star B has apparent brightness W m 2. (i) Explain how it is possible to deduce that star A has a higher luminosity than star B Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 12 of 19

13 The surface area of star B is times smaller than that of star A. Calculate the ratio surface temperature of surface temperature of star B star A The graph below shows the variation with time of the intensity of light received on Earth from the two stars. intensity time / years (i) The diagrams below each show the orbits of the two stars. Star A is in the inner orbit. Annotate the diagrams to show the relative positions of stars A and B as seen from Earth, that correspond to the intensity-time graph above at times of 5 and 10 years. Diagram at 5 years Diagram at 10 years line of sight from Earth line of sight from Earth State the period of this binary star system Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 13 of 19

14 (iii) State what can be deduced from knowing the period of the binary and the separation of the stars. S23. The question is about stellar radiation and the star Betelgeuse. Explain the term black-body radiation. The diagram below is a sketch graph of the black-body radiation spectrum of a certain star. intensity Label the x-axis of the graph. On the graph, sketch the black-body radiation spectrum of a star that has a lower surface temperature and lower apparent brightness than this star. The star Betelgeuse in the Orion constellation emits black-body radiation that has a maximum intensity at a wavelength of 0.97 μm. (d) Deduce that the surface temperature of Betelgeuse is about 3000 K. S24. This question is about Olbers paradox. Newton made three assumptions about the nature of the universe. One of these assumptions is that the universe is static. State the other two assumptions Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 14 of 19

15 Explain, using a quantitative argument, how these assumptions led to Olbers paradox. Describe one piece of evidence that suggests that the universe is not static. S25. This question is about the evolution of stars. The diagram below shows a grid on which a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram could be drawn. The present positions of the Sun and another Main Sequence star A are shown A 10 2 Luminosity (L) (Sun L = 1) 1 Sun surface temperature (T/K) 2012 Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 15 of 19

16 The mass of star A is about 15 times the mass of the Sun. On the diagram above, draw the evolutionary path of the Sun and the evolutionary path of star A as both stars leave the Main Sequence. When stars with masses of about eight times that of the Sun leave the Main Sequence, they may end up in the same region of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram as the Sun when it leaves the Main Sequence. Explain, with reference to the Chandrasekhar limit, why this is so. State two main changes that take place in nucleosynthesis when a star of about eight times the solar mass leaves the Main Sequence. S26. This question is about the solar system. State the name of the planet in the solar system that has (i) the greatest mass; an orbit around the Sun between that of Saturn and of Neptune. State where, in the solar system, the asteroid belt is found.... State two features of the orbits of comets Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 16 of 19

17 S27. This question is about stellar spectra. Stars may be described in terms of their spectral classes. (i) Describe the colour of a B star. Identify the class of the Sun. Discuss two different ways in which atomic spectra can be used to deduce physical data for stars S29. This question is about stars. Describe the final nuclear reaction in the core, and the final evolutionary state, of a low-mass star (of the order of 1 solar mass); nuclear reaction: evolutionary state: a high-mass star (of approximately 15 solar masses). nuclear reaction: evolutionary state:... S35. This question is about stars.... Stars are very massive. State why stable stars are not crushed inwards under gravitational pressure Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 17 of 19

18 State the difference between a visual binary star and a spectroscopic binary star. Visual binary:... Spectroscopic binary:... S36. This question is about the star Antares. The following are some data concerning the star Antares. The parallax angle is measured from an ideal position where no atmospheric turbulence affects measurements. Spectral class Parallax angle M arcsecond Apparent brightness W m 2 Wavelength of the maximum intensity of light emitted max State the colour of Antares. 935 nm... Deduce that the distance of Antares from Earth is m. (d) Calculate (i) the luminosity of Antares; the surface temperature of Antares. The radius R of the Sun is m. Use your answers in to deduce that the radius of Antares is about 500 R Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 18 of 19

19 S37. This question is about Olbers paradox. Newton proposed a model of the universe that is infinite in extent and in which the stars are uniformly distributed. Olbers suggested that, if this model were correct, then the sky would never be dark. Explain how Olbers reached this conclusion Suggest two reasons how the Big Bang model of the universe accounts for the night sky being dark Option E Test Review Updated: 23-Feb-14 Page 19 of 19

OPTION E, ASTROPHYSICS TEST REVIEW

OPTION E, ASTROPHYSICS TEST REVIEW IB PHYSICS Name: DEVIL PHYSICS Period: Date: # Marks: XX Raw Score: IB Curve: BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS OPTION E, ASTROPHYSICS TEST REVIEW S1. This question is about the nature of certain stars on the Hertzsprung-Russell

More information

Betelgeuse and Rigel are two super giants in the constellation of Orion. Constellation: Stellar cluster:...

Betelgeuse and Rigel are two super giants in the constellation of Orion. Constellation: Stellar cluster:... IB Physics Astrophysics Option Summer Assignment Name Due 2 nd Rotation Fall 2016 1. This question is about stars. Betelgeuse and Rigel are two super giants in the constellation of Orion. Distinguish between

More information

E1. This question is about stars. (a) Distinguish between apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude. [2]

E1. This question is about stars. (a) Distinguish between apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude. [2] 1 Option E Astrophysics M09/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ E1. This question is about stars. (a) Distinguish between apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude. [2] apparent magnitude is a measure of how bright

More information

1. This question is about Hubble s law. The light received from many distant galaxies is red-shifted. (a) State the cause of this red-shift (1)

1. This question is about Hubble s law. The light received from many distant galaxies is red-shifted. (a) State the cause of this red-shift (1) ROUND 2 - QUESTIONS 1. This question is about Hubble s law. The light received from many distant galaxies is red-shifted. (a) State the cause of this red-shift (1) expanding universe (b) State Hubble s

More information

IB Physics - Astronomy

IB Physics - Astronomy Solar System Our Solar System has eight planets. The picture below shows their relative sizes, but NOT their relative distances. A planet orbits the sun, and has gravitationally cleared its orbital area

More information

Earth-based parallax measurements have led to the conclusion that the Pleiades star cluster is about 435 light-years from Earth.

Earth-based parallax measurements have led to the conclusion that the Pleiades star cluster is about 435 light-years from Earth. 1 The Pleiades star cluster is a prominent sight in the night sky. All the stars in the cluster were formed from the same gas cloud. Hence the stars have nearly identical ages and compositions, but vary

More information

1 (a) Explain what is meant by a white dwarf when describing the evolution of a star [1]

1 (a) Explain what is meant by a white dwarf when describing the evolution of a star [1] 1 (a) Explain what is meant by a white dwarf when describing the evolution of a star.... [1] (b) Antares is a red giant and one of the brightest stars in the night sky. The parallax angle for this star

More information

Questions on Universe

Questions on Universe Questions on Universe 1. The Doppler shift may be used in the study of distant galaxies. Explain what is meant by a Doppler shift and how it is used to deduce the motion of distant galaxies. You may be

More information

Sample Assessment Material Time: 2 hours

Sample Assessment Material Time: 2 hours Paper Reference(s) 5AS01 Edexcel GCSE Astronomy Paper 1 Sample Assessment Material Time: 2 hours Materials required for examination Calculator Items included with question papers Nil Instructions to Candidates

More information

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 1. State the Cosmological Principle. [Total 2 marks] 2. Describe the important properties of the cosmic microwave background radiation and how the standard model of the Universe

More information

5. A particular star has an angle of parallax of 0.2 arcsecond. What is the distance to this star? A) 50 pc B) 2 pc C) 5 pc D) 0.

5. A particular star has an angle of parallax of 0.2 arcsecond. What is the distance to this star? A) 50 pc B) 2 pc C) 5 pc D) 0. Name: Date: 1. How far away is the nearest star beyond the Sun, in parsecs? A) between 1 and 2 pc B) about 12 pc C) about 4 pc D) between 1/2 and 1 pc 2. Parallax of a nearby star is used to estimate its

More information

FXA UNIT G485 Module Structure of the Universe. Δλ = v λ c CONTENTS OF THE UNIVERSE. Candidates should be able to :

FXA UNIT G485 Module Structure of the Universe. Δλ = v λ c CONTENTS OF THE UNIVERSE. Candidates should be able to : 1 Candidates should be able to : CONTENTS OF THE UNIVERSE Describe the principal contents of the universe, including stars, galaxies and radiation. Describe the solar system in terms of the Sun, planets,

More information

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the passage below and on your knowledge of Earth Science. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation In the 1920s, Edwin Hubble's discovery of a pattern in the red

More information

V. Astronomy Section

V. Astronomy Section EAS 100 Planet Earth Lecture Topics Brief Outlines V. Astronomy Section 1. Introduction, Astronomical Distances, Solar System Learning objectives: Develop an understanding of Earth s position in the solar

More information

PH104 Descriptive Astronomy Learning Objectives

PH104 Descriptive Astronomy Learning Objectives PH104 Descriptive Astronomy Learning Objectives March 11, 2008 1 Introduction This list of questions are questions that will need to be answered in order for students to be successful in the course. Each

More information

Lecture PowerPoints. Chapter 33 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli

Lecture PowerPoints. Chapter 33 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 33 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching

More information

PH104 Descriptive Astronomy Learning Objectives

PH104 Descriptive Astronomy Learning Objectives PH104 Descriptive Astronomy Learning Objectives April 6, 2008 1 Introduction This list of questions are questions that will need to be answered in order for students to be successful in the course. Each

More information

Introduction to the Universe. What makes up the Universe?

Introduction to the Universe. What makes up the Universe? Introduction to the Universe What makes up the Universe? Objects in the Universe Astrophysics is the science that tries to make sense of the universe by - describing the Universe (Astronomy) - understanding

More information

Modern Astronomy Review #1

Modern Astronomy Review #1 Modern Astronomy Review #1 1. The red-shift of light from distant galaxies provides evidence that the universe is (1) shrinking, only (3) shrinking and expanding in a cyclic pattern (2) expanding, only

More information

Astronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Sample Review Test for Examination 3

Astronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Sample Review Test for Examination 3 October 28, 2003 Name: Astronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Sample Review Test for Examination 3 Do not open the test until instructed to begin. Instructions: Write your answers in the space provided. No

More information

Paper Reference. Paper Reference(s) 1627/01 Edexcel GCSE Astronomy Paper 01. Friday 15 May 2009 Morning Time: 2 hours

Paper Reference. Paper Reference(s) 1627/01 Edexcel GCSE Astronomy Paper 01. Friday 15 May 2009 Morning Time: 2 hours Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference(s) 1627/01 Edexcel GCSE Astronomy Paper 01 Friday 15 May 2009 Morning Time: 2 hours Materials required for examination Calculator Items included with question papers

More information

Questions. theonlinephysicstutor.com. facebook.com/theonlinephysicstutor. Name: Edexce Black Body. Date: Time: Total marks available:

Questions. theonlinephysicstutor.com. facebook.com/theonlinephysicstutor. Name: Edexce Black Body. Date: Time: Total marks available: Name: Edexce Black Body Date: Time: Total marks available: Total marks achieved: Questions Q1. A lamp consists of a filament in a vacuum. Under normal working conditions the filament has a temperature

More information

Introduction to the Universe

Introduction to the Universe What makes up the Universe? Introduction to the Universe Book page 642-644 Objects in the Universe Astrophysics is the science that tries to make sense of the universe by - describing the Universe (Astronomy)

More information

Introduction The Role of Astronomy p. 3 Astronomical Objects of Research p. 4 The Scale of the Universe p. 7 Spherical Astronomy Spherical

Introduction The Role of Astronomy p. 3 Astronomical Objects of Research p. 4 The Scale of the Universe p. 7 Spherical Astronomy Spherical Introduction The Role of Astronomy p. 3 Astronomical Objects of Research p. 4 The Scale of the Universe p. 7 Spherical Astronomy Spherical Trigonometry p. 9 The Earth p. 12 The Celestial Sphere p. 14 The

More information

Astronomy 1504 Section 10 Final Exam Version 1 May 6, 1999

Astronomy 1504 Section 10 Final Exam Version 1 May 6, 1999 Astronomy 1504 Section 10 Final Exam Version 1 May 6, 1999 Reminder: When I write these questions, I believe that there is one one correct answer. The questions consist of all parts a e. Read the entire

More information

Galaxies & Introduction to Cosmology

Galaxies & Introduction to Cosmology Galaxies & Introduction to Cosmology Other Galaxies: How many are there? Hubble Deep Field Project 100 hour exposures over 10 days Covered an area of the sky about 1/100 the size of the full moon Probably

More information

Unit 16: Astronomy and space science. Learning aim A Understand the fundamental aspects of the solar system

Unit 16: Astronomy and space science. Learning aim A Understand the fundamental aspects of the solar system Unit 16: Astronomy and space science Learning aim A Understand the fundamental aspects of the solar system Contents page Note: anywhere you see a capital D means you MUST draw a diagram. Radiative zone

More information

The Milky Way, Hubble Law, the expansion of the Universe and Dark Matter Chapter 14 and 15 The Milky Way Galaxy and the two Magellanic Clouds.

The Milky Way, Hubble Law, the expansion of the Universe and Dark Matter Chapter 14 and 15 The Milky Way Galaxy and the two Magellanic Clouds. The Milky Way, Hubble Law, the expansion of the Universe and Dark Matter Chapter 14 and 15 The Milky Way Galaxy and the two Magellanic Clouds. Image taken from the European Southern Observatory in Chile

More information

Clusters and constellations

Clusters and constellations Astrophysics Clusters and constellations Star clusters are groups of stars that are connected by a significant gravitational force ands move around tougher as the galaxy rotates. The motion of the Sun

More information

Review Questions for the new topics that will be on the Final Exam

Review Questions for the new topics that will be on the Final Exam Review Questions for the new topics that will be on the Final Exam Be sure to review the lecture-tutorials and the material we covered on the first three exams. How does speed differ from velocity? Give

More information

Beyond Our Solar System Chapter 24

Beyond Our Solar System Chapter 24 Beyond Our Solar System Chapter 24 PROPERTIES OF STARS Distance Measuring a star's distance can be very difficult Stellar parallax Used for measuring distance to a star Apparent shift in a star's position

More information

ASTRONOMY QUIZ NUMBER 11

ASTRONOMY QUIZ NUMBER 11 ASTRONOMY QUIZ NUMBER. Suppose you measure the parallax of a star and find 0. arsecond. The distance to this star is A) 0 light-years B) 0 parsecs C) 0. light-year D) 0. parsec 2. A star is moving toward

More information

Lecture 16 The Measuring the Stars 3/26/2018

Lecture 16 The Measuring the Stars 3/26/2018 Lecture 16 The Measuring the Stars 3/26/2018 Test 2 Results D C B A Questions that I thought were unfair: 13, 18, 25, 76, 77, 80 Curved from 85 to 79 Measuring stars How far away are they? How bright are

More information

Chapter 10 Measuring the Stars

Chapter 10 Measuring the Stars Chapter 10 Measuring the Stars Some of the topics included in this chapter Stellar parallax Distance to the stars Stellar motion Luminosity and apparent brightness of stars The magnitude scale Stellar

More information

Astronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Review Exam 3

Astronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Review Exam 3 October 31, 2004 Name: Astronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Review Exam 3 Instructions: Write your answers in the space provided; indicate clearly if you continue on the back of a page. No books, notes, or

More information

Astronomy 1143 Final Exam Review Answers

Astronomy 1143 Final Exam Review Answers Astronomy 1143 Final Exam Review Answers Prof. Pradhan April 24, 2015 What is Science? 1. Explain the difference between astronomy and astrology. 2. What number is the metric system based around? What

More information

GALAXIES AND STARS. 2. Which star has a higher luminosity and a lower temperature than the Sun? A Rigel B Barnard s Star C Alpha Centauri D Aldebaran

GALAXIES AND STARS. 2. Which star has a higher luminosity and a lower temperature than the Sun? A Rigel B Barnard s Star C Alpha Centauri D Aldebaran GALAXIES AND STARS 1. Compared with our Sun, the star Betelgeuse is A smaller, hotter, and less luminous B smaller, cooler, and more luminous C larger, hotter, and less luminous D larger, cooler, and more

More information

1. The symbols below represent the Milky Way galaxy, the solar system, the Sun, and the universe.

1. The symbols below represent the Milky Way galaxy, the solar system, the Sun, and the universe. Name Date 1. The symbols below represent the Milky Way galaxy, the solar system, the Sun, and the universe. 4. The diagram below illustrates three stages of a current theory of the formation of the universe.

More information

The Hertzprung-Russell Diagram. The Hertzprung-Russell Diagram. Question

The Hertzprung-Russell Diagram. The Hertzprung-Russell Diagram. Question Key Concepts: Lecture 21: Measuring the properties of stars (cont.) The Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) Diagram (L versus T) The Hertzprung-Russell Diagram The Stefan-Boltzmann Law: flux emitted by a black body

More information

ASTRONOMY CURRICULUM Unit 1: Introduction to Astronomy

ASTRONOMY CURRICULUM Unit 1: Introduction to Astronomy Chariho Regional School District - Science Curriculum September, 2016 ASTRONOMY CURRICULUM Unit 1: Introduction to Astronomy OVERVIEW Summary Students will be introduced to the overarching concept of astronomy.

More information

The table summarises some of the properties of Vesta, one of the largest objects in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.

The table summarises some of the properties of Vesta, one of the largest objects in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Q1.(a) The table summarises some of the properties of Vesta, one of the largest objects in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Diameter / m Distance from the Sun / AU smallest largest 5.4 10 5

More information

ASTRONOMY 1 FINAL EXAM 1 Name

ASTRONOMY 1 FINAL EXAM 1 Name ASTRONOMY 1 FINAL EXAM 1 Name Multiple Choice (2 pts each) 1. Sullivan Star is an F spectral class star that is part of a binary star system. It has a MS lifetime of 5 billion years. Its life will eventually

More information

Name Date Period. 10. convection zone 11. radiation zone 12. core

Name Date Period. 10. convection zone 11. radiation zone 12. core 240 points CHAPTER 29 STARS SECTION 29.1 The Sun (40 points this page) In your textbook, read about the properties of the Sun and the Sun s atmosphere. Use each of the terms below just once to complete

More information

2019 Astronomy Team Selection Test

2019 Astronomy Team Selection Test 2019 Astronomy Team Selection Test Acton-Boxborough Regional High School Written by Antonio Frigo Do not flip over this page until instructed. Instructions You will have 45 minutes to complete this exam.

More information

Universe Now. 12. Revision and highlights

Universe Now. 12. Revision and highlights Universe Now 12. Revision and highlights Practical issues about the exam The exam is on Monday 6.5. (12.00-16.00), lecture hall B121 (Exactum). Paper will be provided. You have 4 hours to finish the exam,

More information

1 Light from all distant galaxies is found to be shifted towards longer wavelengths. The more distant the galaxy, the greater the shift in wavelength.

1 Light from all distant galaxies is found to be shifted towards longer wavelengths. The more distant the galaxy, the greater the shift in wavelength. 1 Light from all distant galaxies is found to be shifted towards longer wavelengths. The more distant the galaxy, the greater the shift in wavelength. State the conclusions that we can draw from this.

More information

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Physics Department Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Department. Problem Set 6

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Physics Department Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Department. Problem Set 6 MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Physics Department Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Department Astronomy 8.282J 12.402J March 17, 2006 Problem Set 6 Due: Friday, March 24 (in lecture) Reading:

More information

Clicker Questions (chapters 6-18)

Clicker Questions (chapters 6-18) Clicker Questions (chapters 6-18) 1. Officially, how many planets are there in our solar system? a. 8 b. 9 c. dozens 2. The Doppler formula is v = ( λ/λ) 300,000 km/sec for light waves. A particular feature

More information

The distance modulus in the presence of absorption is given by

The distance modulus in the presence of absorption is given by Problem 4: An A0 main sequence star is observed at a distance of 100 pc through an interstellar dust cloud. Furthermore, it is observed with a color index B-V = 1.5. What is the apparent visual magnitude

More information

2) On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where would you find red giant stars? A) upper right B) lower right C) upper left D) lower left

2) On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where would you find red giant stars? A) upper right B) lower right C) upper left D) lower left Multiple choice test questions 2, Winter Semester 2015. Based on parts covered after mid term. Essentially on Ch. 12-2.3,13.1-3,14,16.1-2,17,18.1-2,4,19.5. You may use a calculator and the useful formulae

More information

Space Science Jeopardy!

Space Science Jeopardy! Space Science Jeopardy! Structure of the Universe Stars & HR Diagram Seasons, Tides, Phases, Eclipses Astronomical Bodies The Sun & Gravity 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 50

More information

Chapter 3 Cosmology 3.1 The Doppler effect

Chapter 3 Cosmology 3.1 The Doppler effect Chapter 3 Cosmology 3.1 The Doppler effect Learning objectives Explain why the wavelength of waves from a moving source depends on the speed of the source. Define Doppler shift. Measure the velocity of

More information

a. Star A c. The two stars are the same distance b. Star B d. Not enough information

a. Star A c. The two stars are the same distance b. Star B d. Not enough information Name: Astro 102 S17 Test 1 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Your test is Version A. Please fill in the circle for A for this question on

More information

Cosmic Landscape Introduction Study Notes

Cosmic Landscape Introduction Study Notes Cosmic Landscape Introduction Study Notes About how much bigger in radius is the Sun than the Earth? The ratio of the Sun's radius to the Earth's radius is 1,392,000/12756 = 109.1 How big is an astronomical

More information

Directions: For numbers 1-30 please choose the letter that best fits the description.

Directions: For numbers 1-30 please choose the letter that best fits the description. Directions: For numbers 1-30 please choose the letter that best fits the description. 1. The main force responsible for the formation of the universe is: a. Gravity b. Frictional force c. Magnetic force

More information

29:50 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Final Exam December 13, 2010 Form A

29:50 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Final Exam December 13, 2010 Form A 29:50 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Final Exam December 13, 2010 Form A There are 40 questions. Read each question and all of the choices before choosing. Budget your time. No whining. Walk with Ursus!

More information

BROCK UNIVERSITY. Test 2, March 2018 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02, Section 1 Number of Students: 465 Date of Examination: March 12, 2018

BROCK UNIVERSITY. Test 2, March 2018 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02, Section 1 Number of Students: 465 Date of Examination: March 12, 2018 BROCK UNIVERSITY Page 1 of 9 Test 2, March 2018 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02, Section 1 Number of Students: 465 Date of Examination: March 12, 2018 Number of hours: 50 min Time of Examination:

More information

1UNIT. The Universe. What do you remember? Key language. Content objectives

1UNIT. The Universe. What do you remember? Key language. Content objectives 1UNIT The Universe What do you remember? What are the points of light in this photo? What is the difference between a star and a planet? a moon and a comet? Content objectives In this unit, you will Learn

More information

2. Very generally, describe how the Milky Way Galaxy formed. (Words or labeled picture)

2. Very generally, describe how the Milky Way Galaxy formed. (Words or labeled picture) Potter Name: Date: Hour: Score: /11 Learning Check 2.1 LT 2.1 Galaxy Formation: I am able to describe the formation of the Milky Way Galaxy and our solar system and model earth s position in each. 1. Label

More information

HOMEWORK - Chapter 17 The Stars

HOMEWORK - Chapter 17 The Stars Astronomy 20 HOMEWORK - Chapter 7 The Stars Use a calculator whenever necessary. For full credit, always show your work and explain how you got your answer in full, complete sentences on a separate sheet

More information

Characterizing Stars

Characterizing Stars Characterizing Stars 1 Guiding Questions 1. How far away are the stars? 2. What evidence do astronomers have that the Sun is a typical star? 3. What is meant by a first-magnitude or second magnitude star?

More information

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Homework Ch 7, 8, 9 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Our most detailed knowledge of Uranus and Neptune comes from 1) A) the

More information

A star is at a distance of 1.3 parsecs, what is its parallax?

A star is at a distance of 1.3 parsecs, what is its parallax? Stars Spectral lines from stars Binaries and the masses of stars Classifying stars: HR diagram Luminosity, radius, and temperature Vogt-Russell theorem Main sequence Evolution on the HR diagram A star

More information

Foundations of Astrophysics

Foundations of Astrophysics Foundations of Astrophysics Barbara Ryden The Ohio State University Bradley M. Peterson The Ohio State University Preface xi 1 Early Astronomy 1 1.1 The Celestial Sphere 1 1.2 Coordinate Systems on a Sphere

More information

Characterizing Stars. Guiding Questions. Parallax. Careful measurements of the parallaxes of stars reveal their distances

Characterizing Stars. Guiding Questions. Parallax. Careful measurements of the parallaxes of stars reveal their distances Guiding Questions Characterizing Stars 1. How far away are the stars? 2. What evidence do astronomers have that the Sun is a typical star? 3. What is meant by a first-magnitude or second magnitude star?

More information

... The figure below shows the axes of a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Mark suitable scales on the absolute magnitude and temperature axes.

... The figure below shows the axes of a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Mark suitable scales on the absolute magnitude and temperature axes. Q1.(a) Define the term absolute magnitude..... (b) The figure below shows the axes of a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Mark suitable scales on the absolute magnitude and temperature axes. temperature / K

More information

Relativity and Astrophysics Lecture 15 Terry Herter. RR Lyrae Variables Cepheids Variables Period-Luminosity Relation. A Stellar Properties 2

Relativity and Astrophysics Lecture 15 Terry Herter. RR Lyrae Variables Cepheids Variables Period-Luminosity Relation. A Stellar Properties 2 Stellar Properties Relativity and Astrophysics Lecture 15 Terry Herter Outline Spectroscopic Parallax Masses of Stars Periodic Variable Stars RR Lyrae Variables Cepheids Variables Period-Luminosity Relation

More information

Paper Reference. Monday 9 June 2008 Morning Time: 2 hours

Paper Reference. Monday 9 June 2008 Morning Time: 2 hours Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference(s) 1627/01 Edexcel GCSE Astronomy Paper 01 Monday 9 June 2008 Morning Time: 2 hours Materials required for examination Calculator Items included with question papers

More information

Identify in which area, A, B, C or D, on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram T Tauri stars are likely to be found.

Identify in which area, A, B, C or D, on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram T Tauri stars are likely to be found. 1 Standard candles are stars for which we know the brightness. colour when observed from Earth. distance from the observer. luminosity. 2 T Tauri stars are very young low mass stars, still in the process

More information

Visit for more fantastic resources. Edexcel. A Level. A Level Physics. Astrophysics 1 (Answers) Name: Total Marks: /30

Visit   for more fantastic resources. Edexcel. A Level. A Level Physics. Astrophysics 1 (Answers) Name: Total Marks: /30 Visit http://www.mathsmadeeasy.co.uk/ for more fantastic resources. Edexcel A Level A Level Physics Astrophysics 1 (Answers) Name: Total Marks: /30 Maths Made Easy Complete Tuition Ltd 2017 1. Amongst

More information

5) Which stage lasts the longest? a) viii b) I c) iv d) iii e) vi

5) Which stage lasts the longest? a) viii b) I c) iv d) iii e) vi 1) Which of the following statements about globular clusters is false? a) Globular cluster stars are very metal- poor relative to the Sun. b) Globular cluster stars are more than 12 billion years old.

More information

Chapter 8: The Family of Stars

Chapter 8: The Family of Stars Chapter 8: The Family of Stars Motivation We already know how to determine a star s surface temperature chemical composition surface density In this chapter, we will learn how we can determine its distance

More information

Chapter 28 Stars and Their Characteristics

Chapter 28 Stars and Their Characteristics Chapter 28 Stars and Their Characteristics Origin of the Universe Big Bang Theory about 10-20 bya all matter in the universe existed in a hot dense state about the size of an atom (tiny). That matter sort

More information

Which letter on the timeline best represents the time when scientists estimate that the Big Bang occurred? A) A B) B C) C D) D

Which letter on the timeline best represents the time when scientists estimate that the Big Bang occurred? A) A B) B C) C D) D 1. The red shift of light from most galaxies is evidence that A) most galaxies are moving away from Earth B) a majority of stars in most galaxies are red giants C) the light slows down as it nears Earth

More information

outline 1. in the beginning. The Big Bang 2. galaxies -- different types 3. stars -- life cycle 4. the solar system -- sun and planets

outline 1. in the beginning. The Big Bang 2. galaxies -- different types 3. stars -- life cycle 4. the solar system -- sun and planets Earth s Place in the Universe outline 1. in the beginning. The Big Bang 2. galaxies -- different types 3. stars -- life cycle 4. the solar system -- sun and planets the big bang the universe is expanding

More information

ANSWER KEY. Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe. Telescopes Guided Reading and Study. Characteristics of Stars Guided Reading and Study

ANSWER KEY. Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe. Telescopes Guided Reading and Study. Characteristics of Stars Guided Reading and Study Stars, Galaxies, a the Universe Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Telescopes Use Target Reading Skills Check student definitions for accuracy. 1. Electromagneticradiationisenergythatcan travel through

More information

Astronomy Today. Eighth edition. Eric Chaisson Steve McMillan

Astronomy Today. Eighth edition. Eric Chaisson Steve McMillan Global edition Astronomy Today Eighth edition Eric Chaisson Steve McMillan The Distance Scale ~1 Gpc Velocity L Distance Hubble s law Supernovae ~200 Mpc Time Tully-Fisher ~25 Mpc ~10,000 pc Time Variable

More information

Test Name: 09.LCW.0352.SCIENCE.GR Q1.S.THEUNIVERSE-SOLARSYSTEMHONORS Test ID: Date: 09/21/2017

Test Name: 09.LCW.0352.SCIENCE.GR Q1.S.THEUNIVERSE-SOLARSYSTEMHONORS Test ID: Date: 09/21/2017 Test Name: 09.LCW.0352.SCIENCE.GR7.2017.Q1.S.THEUNIVERSE-SOLARSYSTEMHONORS Test ID: 243920 Date: 09/21/2017 Section 1.1 - According to the Doppler Effect, what happens to the wavelength of light as galaxies

More information

Chapter 15 Reading Quiz Clickers. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Surveying the Stars Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 15 Reading Quiz Clickers. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Surveying the Stars Pearson Education, Inc. Reading Quiz Clickers The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Surveying the Stars 15.1 Properties of Stars How do we measure stellar luminosities? How do we measure stellar temperatures? How do we measure

More information

The Universe. What is it? What is in it? How did it form? How will it end? How do we know?

The Universe. What is it? What is in it? How did it form? How will it end? How do we know? The Universe What is it? What is in it? How did it form? How will it end? How do we know? What is your place in the Universe? What is the universe? a. The study of the universe its nature, origins, and

More information

The Family of Stars. Chapter 13. Triangulation. Trigonometric Parallax. Calculating Distance Using Parallax. Calculating Distance Using Parallax

The Family of Stars. Chapter 13. Triangulation. Trigonometric Parallax. Calculating Distance Using Parallax. Calculating Distance Using Parallax The Family of Stars Chapter 13 Measuring the Properties of Stars 1 Those tiny glints of light in the night sky are in reality huge, dazzling balls of gas, many of which are vastly larger and brighter than

More information

3. c 4. a 5. f 6. b 7. e. 1. Stars are bright and hot. 2. Distances between stars are measured in light-years. 3. The sun is a yellow star.

3. c 4. a 5. f 6. b 7. e. 1. Stars are bright and hot. 2. Distances between stars are measured in light-years. 3. The sun is a yellow star. Stars, Galaxies, Use Target Reading Skills Check student definitions for accuracy. 1. Electromagnetic radiation is energy that can travel through space in the form of waves. 2. visible light 3. wavelength

More information

AST-1002 Section 0459 Review for Final Exam Please do not forget about doing the evaluation!

AST-1002 Section 0459 Review for Final Exam Please do not forget about doing the evaluation! AST-1002 Section 0459 Review for Final Exam Please do not forget about doing the evaluation! Bring pencil #2 with eraser No use of calculator or any electronic device during the exam We provide the scantrons

More information

Universe. Tenth Edition. The Nature of the Stars. Parallax. CHAPTER 17 The Nature of Stars

Universe. Tenth Edition. The Nature of the Stars. Parallax. CHAPTER 17 The Nature of Stars Universe Tenth Edition The Nature of the Stars Roger A. Freedman, Robert M. Geller, William J. Kaufmann III CHAPTER 17 The Nature of Stars W. H. Freeman and Company Parallax Careful measurements of the

More information

Test ABCDE. 1. What is the oldest era on the geological timescale? A. Precambrian B. Paleozoic C. Mesozoic D. Cenozoic

Test ABCDE. 1. What is the oldest era on the geological timescale? A. Precambrian B. Paleozoic C. Mesozoic D. Cenozoic Test - 8.8 ABCDE 1. What is the oldest era on the geological timescale? A. Precambrian B. Paleozoic C. Mesozoic D. Cenozoic 2. A light-year is defined as- F. the distance from Earth to the Sun. G. the

More information

Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe

Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. 1. What is a giant ball of hot gases that undergo nuclear fusion? a. a planet

More information

Astr 5465 Feb. 6, 2018 Today s Topics

Astr 5465 Feb. 6, 2018 Today s Topics Astr 5465 Feb. 6, 2018 Today s Topics Stars: Binary Stars Determination of Stellar Properties via Binary Stars Classification of Binary Stars Visual Binaries Both stars visible Only one star visible Spectroscopic

More information

Answers. The Universe. Year 10 Science Chapter 6

Answers. The Universe. Year 10 Science Chapter 6 Answers The Universe Year 10 Science Chapter 6 p133 1 The universe is considered to be the whole of all matter, energy, planets, solar systems, galaxies, and space. Many definitions of the universe also

More information

Lecture Outlines. Chapter 17. Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc.

Lecture Outlines. Chapter 17. Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Outlines Chapter 17 Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Chapter 17 Measuring the Stars Units of Chapter 17 17.1 The Solar Neighborhood 17.2 Luminosity and Apparent Brightness 17.3 Stellar

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System 25.1 Properties of Stars Characteristics of Stars A constellation is an apparent group of stars originally named for mythical

More information

StarTalk. Sanjay Yengul May "To know ourselves, we must know the stars."

StarTalk. Sanjay Yengul May To know ourselves, we must know the stars. StarTalk Sanjay Yengul May 2016 "To know ourselves, we must know the stars." Twinkle Twinkle How many stars are there? How big are these stars? Picture of night sky What are they made of? Why do they shine?

More information

Intro to Astrophysics

Intro to Astrophysics Intro to Astrophysics Dr. Bill Pezzaglia 1 III. Introduction To Astrophysics A. Distances to Stars B. Binary Stars C. HR Diagrams 2 Updated: Nov 2007 A. Stellar Distances 1. Method of Parallax 2. Absolute

More information

MIT Invitational, Jan Astronomy C. 2. You may separate the pages, but do not forget to put your team number at the top of all answer pages.

MIT Invitational, Jan Astronomy C. 2. You may separate the pages, but do not forget to put your team number at the top of all answer pages. MIT Invitational, Jan 2019 Astronomy C Competitors: School name: Team number: INSTRUCTIONS 1. Please turn in all materials at the end of the event. 2. You may separate the pages, but do not forget to put

More information

Fundamental Astronomy

Fundamental Astronomy H. Karttunen P. Kroger H. Oja M.Poutanen K.J. Donner (Eds.) Fundamental Astronomy Fifth Edition With 449 Illustrations Including 34 Colour Plates and 75 Exercises with Solutions < J Springer VII 1. Introduction

More information

Universe Celestial Object Galaxy Solar System

Universe Celestial Object Galaxy Solar System ASTRONOMY Universe- Includes all known matter (everything). Celestial Object Any object outside or above Earth s atmosphere. Galaxy- A large group (billions) of stars (held together by gravity). Our galaxy

More information

CHAPTER 28 STARS AND GALAXIES

CHAPTER 28 STARS AND GALAXIES CHAPTER 28 STARS AND GALAXIES 28.1 A CLOSER LOOK AT LIGHT Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation, which is energy that travels in waves. Waves of energy travel at 300,000 km/sec (speed of light Ex:

More information

Astronomy 1 Winter Lecture 24; March

Astronomy 1 Winter Lecture 24; March Astronomy 1 Winter 2011 Lecture 24; March 7 2011 Previously on Astro-1 Introduction to special relativity Introduction to general relativity Introduction to black holes, stellar and supermassive Today..

More information

Paper Reference. Tuesday 14 June 2005 Morning Time: 2 hours

Paper Reference. Tuesday 14 June 2005 Morning Time: 2 hours Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference(s) 1627/01 Edexcel GCSE Astronomy Paper 01 Tuesday 14 June 2005 Morning Time: 2 hours Materials required for examination Nil Items included with question papers

More information

Ay 1 Midterm. Due by 5pm on Wednesday, May 9 to your head TA s mailbox (249 Cahill), or hand it directly to any section TA

Ay 1 Midterm. Due by 5pm on Wednesday, May 9 to your head TA s mailbox (249 Cahill), or hand it directly to any section TA Ay 1 Midterm Due by 5pm on Wednesday, May 9 to your head TA s mailbox (249 Cahill), or hand it directly to any section TA You have THREE HOURS to complete the exam, but it is about two hours long. The

More information

USAAAO First Round 2015

USAAAO First Round 2015 USAAAO First Round 2015 This round consists of 30 multiple-choice problems to be completed in 75 minutes. You may only use a scientific calculator and a table of constants during the test. The top 50%

More information