Daily Science 04/04/2017
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- Lesley McLaughlin
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1 Daily Science 04/04/2017 Which statement best describes the difference between type A stars and type B stars as shown in the diagram? a. Type A stars burn for a shorter amount of time than type B stars. b. Type A stars are less massive than type B stars. c. Type A stars are created from different gases than type B stars. d. Type A stars are more massive than type B stars.
2 Essential Questions: 1. What is the H-R Diagram? 2. How is the H-R Diagram used to classify stars?
3 How are stars classified? Color Temperature Size Chemical Composition Brightness (luminosity)
4 H-R Diagram Vocabulary Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram The H-R Diagram plots each star on a graph and measures the star's brightness (luminosity) against its temperature (color).
5 H-R Diagram Vocabulary Temperature (K) Measured in Kelvin (K) Color of stars depends on their temperature The coolest stars red Hottest stars blue
6 Fill in the star color on your graph Blue or Blue White White Yellow Red Orange Red
7 H-R Diagram Vocabulary Temperature (K) Temperature increases from right to left, which is different than every graph you ve probably seen. Hottest Coolest
8 H-R Diagram Vocabulary Luminosity The amount of energy (light) a star emits Brightness
9 H-R Diagram Vocabulary Apparent Magnitude Tells us how bright an object appears from Earth.
10 H-R Diagram Vocabulary Absolute Magnitude The measure of a star s brightness as if it were at a standard distance of exactly 10 parsecs (32.6 light years) from the observer. 4.83
11 Quick Action H-R Diagram INB Template
12 H-R Diagram Vocabulary Chemical Composition and Spectral Class Astronomers use spectographs to determine the elements found in stars. A spectograph is a device that breaks light into colors and produces an image
13 H-R Diagram Vocabulary Chemical Composition and Spectral Class Each chemical element absorbs light at particular wavelengths. Just as each person has a unique set of fingerprints each element has unique spectral lines.
14 H-R Diagram Vocabulary Chemical Composition and Spectral Class Stars are classified by their spectra (the elements that they absorb) and their temperature. There are seven main spectral types (O, B, A, F, G, K, and M) listed in order of decreasing temperature.
15 H-R Diagram Vocabulary Main Sequence About 90 percent of the stars in the universe, including the sun Ranges from high to low luminosity and high to low temperature Color ranges from red to blue Spectral Class M-O
16 H-R Diagram Vocabulary Sun Medium size star Medium brightness and temperature Color yellow Spectral Class G
17 H-R Diagram Vocabulary Red Giants A red giant is a dying star. Our own sun will turn into a red giant star, expanding to engulf the inner planets. Color - reddish-orange hue High luminosity/ low temperature Spectral Class K-M
18 H-R Diagram Vocabulary Supergiants They are the largest stars in the universe in terms of volume, although they are not the most massive. Color reddish orange/blue High luminosity/low-high temperatures Spectral Class K-M, B-A
19 H-R Diagram Vocabulary White Dwarfs A small very dense star that is typically the size of a planet Formed when a low-mass star has exhausted all its fuel Color white Low luminosity/high temperature Spectral Class B, O, A
20 H-R Diagram Vocabulary Red Dwarfs A small and relatively cool star on the main sequence Color red Low luminosity/low temperature Spectral Class M
21 Quick Check Galaxies INB Template
22 Check for Understanding Can you 1. Can you interpret the H-R Diagram? 2. Can you use the H-R Diagram to explain how stars are classified?
23 Try these questions. Astronomers classify stars by size and temperature. Which kind of star would be both hotter than the Sun and less bright? a. supergiant b. red dwarf c. red giant d. white dwarf
24 Astronomers classify stars by size and temperature. Which kind of star would be both hotter than the Sun and less bright? a. supergiant b. red dwarf c. red giant d. white dwarf
25 Several factors affect the brightness of stars as seen from Earth. Where would most of the hundred brightest stars appear on the H-R diagram? a. to the left of center b. in the upper half of the diagram c. along the main sequence d. in the lower right part of the diagram
26 Several factors affect the brightness of stars as seen from Earth. Where would most of the hundred brightest stars appear on the H-R diagram? a. to the left of center b. in the upper half of the diagram c. along the main sequence d. in the lower right part of the diagram
27 An astronomer discovers a new star that would be placed at the far left end of main sequence stars in an H-R diagram. Which description would best match this star? a. large and blue-white b. very large and yellow c. small and white hot d.extremely large and red hot
28 An astronomer discovers a new star that would be placed at the far left end of main sequence stars in an H-R diagram. Which description would best match this star? a. large and blue-white b. very large and yellow c. small and white hot d.extremely large and red hot
29 The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows the characteristics of stars as they go through different stages of their lives. Given the information in the diagram, which statement is true? a. Alpha Centauri B is hotter than the Sun, and Sirius B gives off more light than the Sun. b. Betelgeuse is hotter than the Sun, and Alpha Centauri B gives off more light than the Sun. c. Sirius B is hotter than the Sun, and Betelgeuse gives off more light than the Sun. d. Vega is hotter than the Sun, and Sirius B gives off more light than the Sun.
30 The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows the characteristics of stars as they go through different stages of their lives. Given the information in the diagram, which statement is true? a. Alpha Centauri B is hotter than the Sun, and Sirius B gives off more light than the Sun. b. Betelgeuse is hotter than the Sun, and Alpha Centauri B gives off more light than the Sun. c. Sirius B is hotter than the Sun, and Betelgeuse gives off more light than the Sun. d. Vega is hotter than the Sun, and Sirius B gives off more light than the Sun.
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