MIDTERM REVIEW QUESTIONS - PACKET #2 (75 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)

Transcription

1 MIDTERM REVIEW QUESTIONS - PACKET #2 (75 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS) 1. Which graph best represents the effect that heating has on air density in the atmosphere? 2. An empty 250-milliliter beaker has a mass of 50 grams. When 100 milliliters of a liquid is added to the beaker, the total mass is 140 grams. The density of the liquid is approximately (1) 1.7 g/ml (3) 0.9 g/ml (2) 1.4 g/ml (4) 0.6 g/ml The diagrams represent two different samples of the same type of solid material, both at sea level atmospheric pressure and both at the same temperature. 3. What is the approximate density of sample A, if its mass is 34 grams? (1) 1.25 g/cm 3 (3) 0.8 g/cm 3 (2) 2.0 g/cm 3 (4) 9.0 g/cm 3 4. The density of a mineral is found to be 1.50 grams per cubic centimeter. If the accepted value is 2.00 grams per cubic centimeter, the percent deviation (percent error) is (1) 25.0% (3) 40.0% (2) 33.3% (4) 50.0% 5. As viewed from the Earth, the Moon's phases have shown which type of changes over the past 50 years? (1) noncyclic and predictable (3) noncyclic and unpredictable (2) cyclic and predictable (4) cyclic and unpredictable 6. Which line best identifies the interface between the hydrosphere and the troposphere? (1) line A (2) line B (3) line C (4) line D

2 Use the graph to the right to answer questions 7 and The water temperature reached 50 C after the sample had been heated for approximately (1) 4 minutes (3) 6 minutes (2) 4.5 minutes (4) 6.5 minutes 8. Between which letters was water evaporating? (1) A and B (3) C and D (2) B and C (4) D and E 9. On the Generalized Bedrock Geology Map of New York State, what similar pattern is found at North latitude by 77 30' West longitude? 10. Which diagram best shows the altitude and direction of Polaris for an observer in New York City? 11. An observer on a moving ship notices that the altitude of Polaris increases each night. Local solar noon occurs at the same time each day. In what direction is the ship moving? (1) due east (3) due west (2) due south (4) due north 12. What do the tropopause, stratopause, and mesopause all have in common? (1) Each is an interface between two layers of the atmosphere. (2) Each is a point of maximum temperature in its layer of the atmosphere. (3) Each is a zone of decreasing water vapor content within the atmosphere. (4) Each is a region of increasing pressure within the atmosphere. 13. If atmospheric pressure measurements were taken at regular intervals from sea level to the stratopause, the measurements would most likely show that the pressure (1) decreases, only (2) increases, only (3) remains the same (4) decreases, then increases

3 Base your answers to questions on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the diagram of the Earth below, and your knowledge of earth science. Some of the latitude and longitude lines have been labeled. Points A through E represent locations on the Earth's surface. 14. What are the approximate latitude and longitude of location A? (1) 105 N, 25 W (3) 25 N, 105 E (2) 25 N, 105 W (4) 105 S, 25 E 15. What do locations A, B, and E have in common? (1) They are in the same season. (2) They have the same local time. (3) They have the same prevailing wind direction. (4) They are at the same latitude. 16. The latitude and longitude of which location are closest to those of New York State? 17. What is the approximate time at location D? (1) 6 a. m. (3) 6 p.m. (2) noon (4) midnight 18. What is the altitude of Polaris as viewed from location B? (1) 30 o (3) 60 o (2) 40 o (4) 100 o 19. According to the Big Bang Theory, the universe began as an explosion and is still expanding. This theory is supported by observations that the stellar spectra of distant galaxies show a (1) concentration in the yellow portion of the spectrum (2) concentration in the green portion of the spectrum (3) shift toward the blue end of the spectrum (4) shift toward the red end of the spectrum 20. Compared to the Sun, a white dwarf star is (1) hotter and larger (3) cooler and larger (2) hotter and smaller (4) cooler and smaller

4 21. What factor determines whether a star will evolve into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole? (1) mass (3) percentage of carbon (2) percentage of helium (4) apparent brightness 22. The average temperature of the planets (1) increases with greater distance from the Sun (2) decreases with greater distance from the Sun (3) has no relationship to the distance from the Sun (4) depends only on the chemical composition of the atmosphere of each planet 23. Why do stars appear to move through the night sky at the rate of 15 degrees per hour? (1) The Earth actually moves around the Sun at a rate of 15 per hour. (2) The stars actually move around the center of the galaxy at a rate of 15 per hour. (3) The Earth actually rotates at a rate of 15 per hour. (4) The stars actually revolve around the Earth at a rate of 15 per hour. 24. Which diagram best represents the motions of celestial objects in a heliocentric model? 25. The gravitational attraction between the Earth and the Sun is greatest at the time when the (1) Earth is moving slowest in its orbit (2) Earth is moving fastest in its orbit (3) Northern Hemisphere is receiving maximum intensity of insolation (4) Northern Hemisphere is receiving maximum duration of insolation Use the diagram below to answer questions 26 through 28. The diagram below represents a model of the Sun's apparent path across the sky in New York State for selected dates. 26. For which path would daylight hours be greatest? 27. Which path could represent the apparent path of the Sun as seen on an equinox in New York State? 28. For which path would the noontime Sun create the longest shadows for objects on the surface of the Earth in this location?

5 Base your answers to questions 29 through 31 on your knowledge of Earth Science and on the diagram below. The diagram represents the Earth at a specific time in its orbit with dash lines indicating radiation from the Sun and points A through H, locations on the Earth's surface. 29. What is the season in the Northern Hemisphere when the Earth is in the position shown in the diagram? (1) spring (3) fall (2) summer (4) winter 30. When the Sun is in the position shown in the diagram, how many hours of daylight would occur at the North Pole during one complete rotation? (1) 0 (3) 12 (2) 8 (4) Which latitude would be receiving the most direct rays of the Sun? (1) the Equator (3) the Tropic of Cancer (2) the North Pole (4) the Tropic of Capricorn Base your answers to questions on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the diagram below, and your knowledge of Earth Science, The diagram shows the system of star Alpha and planet X, Points A, B, C, and D indicate four orbital positions of planet X. 32. At which position does planet X travel fastest? 33. Which graph shows the star's apparent diameter, as viewed from planet X?

6 Base your answers to questions on the diagram below. The diagram is a model of the orbit of an imaginary planet Q around a star. Points A, B, C, and D indicate four orbital positions of planet Q. 34. What is the approximate eccentricity of planet Q's orbit? (1) 0.06 (3) 0.67 (2) 0.15 (4) How would a scale drawing of the Earth's orbit around the Sun compare to the drawing shown of planet Q's orbit? (1) Earth's orbit would appear to have a more circular shape than planet Q's. (2) Earth's orbit would appear to have a more eccentric shape than planet Q's. (3) Earth's orbit would appear to be the same shape as planet Q's. 36. Some stars that can be seen in New York State on a summer night cannot be seen on a winter night. This fact is a result of the (1) rotation of the Earth on its axis (2) rotation of the stars around Polaris (3) revolution of Polaris around the Earth (4) revolution of the Earth around the Sun 37. The Foucault pendulum provides evidence that the Earth (1) rotates on its axis (3) revolves around the Sun (2) has a spherical shape (4) is inclined on its axis 38. What causes the Coriolis Effect? (1) high and low-pressure belts (3) the Earth's revolution (2) the equatorial calms (4) the Earth's rotation 39. Which real motion causes the Sun to appear to rise in the east and set in the west? (1) the Sun's revolution (3) the Earth's revolution (2) the Sun's rotation (4) the Earth's rotation The diagram represents a side view of the Milky Way Galaxy. 40. At approximately which position is Earth s Solar System located?

7 Base your answers to questions on the diagram below. The diagram represents the Moon in various positions in its orbit around the Earth. Letters A through E represent five of the Moon's positions. 41. The Moon would not be visible from Earth when the Moon is at position (2) E (4) D 42. Which diagram best represents the appearance of the Moon to an observer on the Earth when the Moon is at position B? 43. Why would an observer on Earth see a complete cycle of phases of the Moon in approximately 1 month? 1 The Moon rotates on its axis. 2 The Moon revolves around the Earth. 3 The Earth rotates on its axis. 4 The Earth revolves around the Sun. 44. A spring tide would be experienced on Earth when the Moon is located at position (2) B (4) E 45. A solar eclipse could be viewed on Earth when the Moon is located at position 46. The process by which energy can travel through outer space is known as (1) absorption (3) convection (2) conduction (4) radiation 47. Infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light are all part of the solar spectrum. The basic difference between them is their (1) wavelength (3) source (2) speed (4) temperature 48. Which substance will heat up the quickest? (1) 1 gram of liquid water (3) 1 gram of basalt (2) 1 gram of iron (4) 1 gram of granite

8 49. The energy gained by water during evaporation is later released by the water during the process of (1) transpiration (3) melting (2) convection (4) condensation Directions: Base your answers to the questions on your knowledge of earth science and on the diagram below. The diagram represents a temperature field for a vertical cross section of a room from ceiling to floor with points A -H at different locations within the room. 50. What is the temperature at point B? (1) 10 C (3) 20 C (2) 16 C (4) 28 C 51. At which point would the air have the least density? (1) A (3) H (2) E (4) D 52. If a heat source is located at point A, which diagram best represents the probable direction of air movement in this room? 53. Heat energy will circulate through the air in the room by the process of (1) absorption (3) convection (2) conduction (4) radiation 54. The diagram below shows temperature values at various points in a solid piece of aluminum. Toward which point will heat flow from point P? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

9 55. A temperature of 104 o F is equal to a temperature of (1) 40 o C (2) 72 o C (3) 104 o C (4) 136 o C Base your answers to questions on your knowledge of Earth Science and the diagram below which represents a temperature field map of the air near the ceiling of a room. The letters represent points in the field. 56. The most likely direction of heat flow is from (1) F to A (3) C to E (2) B to D (4) E to F 57. The greatest temperature gradient exists between (1) A and D (3) C and E (2) B and D (4) E and F 58. The average temperature gradient between points x and y is closest to (1) 0.5 degree per meter (3) 3.0 degrees per meter (2) 2.0 degrees per meter (4) 1.5 degrees per meter 59. Which graph best represents the temperature change along the isotherm from point F to point A? 60. In general, good absorbers of electromagnetic energy are also good (1) refractors (3) reflectors (2) radiators (4) convectors 61. Which form of electromagnetic energy is radiated from Earth s surface with the greatest intensity? (1) X-rays (3) ultraviolet rays (2) infrared rays (4) visible light rays

10 Base your answers to questions on the diagram and data below. The diagram represents a closed glass greenhouse. The data table shows the air temperatures inside and outside the greenhouse from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. on a particular day. 62. The highest temperature was recorded at (1) 12 noon outside the greenhouse (3) 12 noon inside the greenhouse (2) 2 p.m. outside the greenhouse (4) 2 p.m. inside the greenhouse 63. By which process does air circulate inside the greenhouse due to differences in air temperature and air density? (1) absorption (3) convection (2) radiation (4) conduction 64. Several objects made of the same material, but with different surface characteristics, are tested in the greenhouse to determine which object will absorb the most sunlight. The object that absorbs the most sunlight most likely has a surface that is (1) dark-colored and smooth (3) light-colored and smooth (2) dark-colored and rough (4) light-colored and rough 65. Which statement best explains what happens to the insolation reaching the greenhouse? (1) Most of the insolation is absorbed by the glass. (2) All of the insolation is reflected by the glass. (3) Insolation absorbed inside the greenhouse is reradiated as longer wavelengths. (4) Insolation absorbed inside the greenhouse is reradiated as shorter wavelengths. 66. At approximately what rate did the temperature rise inside the greenhouse between 8 a.m. and 10 a.m.? (1) 1.0 o C/hr (3) 0.5 o C/hr (2) 2.0 o C/hr (4) 12.0 o C/hr 67. Infrared radiation is absorbed in the atmosphere mainly by (1) nitrogen and oxygen (2) argon and radon (3) ice crystals and water vapor (4) carbon dioxide and water vapor 68. Which statement describes how the insolation changes in New York State from May 21 to June 21? (1) The intensity and duration of insolation both decrease. (2) The intensity and duration of insolation both increase. (3) The intensity of insolation decreases and duration of insolation increases. (4) The intensity of insolation increases and duration of insolation decreases.

11 69. Compared to polar areas, why are equatorial areas of equal size heated much more intensely by the Sun? (1) The Sun s rays are more nearly perpendicular at the Equator than at the poles. (2) The equatorial areas contain more water than the polar areas do. (3) More hours of daylight occur at the Equator than at the poles. (4) The equatorial areas are nearer to the Sun than the polar areas are. The activity shown in the diagram below was used to test the effect of the angle of insolation on temperature. A student place four thermometers (A, B, C, and D) on a large globe. The bulb of each thermometer was placed against a black plastic square directly on a line representing latitude. The thermometers were then exposed to direct sunlight for 10 minutes at the angles shown. 70. Which thermometer will show the greatest increase in temperature? 71. Ozone gas in the Earth s atmosphere helps to protect life on the Earth. This protection is due to the ability of ozone to absorb (1) radio waves (3) gamma radiation (2) ultraviolet radiation (4) visible radiation 72. Which layer of the atmosphere has the smallest distance from the bottom to the top of its zone? (1) troposphere (3) mesosphere (2) stratosphere (4) thermosphere 73. What is the most abundant element in the troposphere? (1) helium (3) hydrogen (2) nitrogen (4) oxygen 74. The temperature of the stratosphere ranges from approximately (1) -55 o F to 0 o F (3) 10 o F to 35 o F (2) -55 o C to 0 o C (4) 10 o C to 50 o C 75. The diagram to the right shows the flow of air over a mountain from point A to point C. Which graph best shows the approximate temperature change of the rising and descending air due to the adiabatic process?