Understanding the effects of roads in upland settings on hydrology, geomorphology and water quality
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1 Understanding the effects of roads in upland settings on hydrology, geomorphology and water quality Beverley Wemple Department of Geography and Rubenstein School of Environment & Natural Resources The University of Vermont Replumbing the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Workshop Easton, MD October 9-10, 2014
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4 (Wemple and Jones, 2003)
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7 (Logging) Roads in upland settings Impervious surfaces in an otherwise pervious landscape (overland flow production) Effectively rearrange flow paths (subsurface flow interception) Highly integrated into the channel network (gullying, debris slides)
8 Context: Lake Champlain Basin
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10 Conceptual Material Budget Agricultural fields Gravel roads (forested) Hillslopes Lake Champlain Winooski R Sed: 473 kg/ha/yr, P: 0.5 kg/ha/yr Eroding stream banks Urban / Suburban lands lowlands uplands
11 Research approach Storm-based monitoring of runoff and water quality GIS mapping and analysis of stream geomorphic assessments Field inventories of road erosion Experimental installation and monitoring of BMPs with cooperating towns
12 Study sites and scales of investigation Lake Champlain basin (21000 km 2 ) Winooski basin (2800 km 2 ) Mad River watershed (373 km 2 )
13 Road erosion inventory Erosional feature frequency (#/km) Volume of eroded sediment (m 3 /km)
14 Inventory Results
15 Sediment from roads Percentage of unpaved road network (2510 km) Percentage of sediment eroded from roads (40357 Mg)
16 Sample TSS (mg/l) and std error Sample TP (ug/l) and std error Community-based WQ monitoring Freeman Folsom High BridgeMill Brook Shepard 0 Freeman Folsom High BridgeMill Brook Shepard
17 Storm-based monitoring & sampling
18 Road segment dynamics (240 m) (228 m) Sharpshooter No. Fayston Bragg Hill Mansfield Barton (76 m) (69 m) (27 m)
19 Mass Flux from roads
20 Network connectivity
21 Mass Flux: Roads vs. Streams Suspended Sediment Total Phosphorus
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23 Geomorphic Assessments, Vermont River Management Program Images courtesy of Vermont Rivers Program, Agency of Natural Resources
24 Study reaches Forest cover > 75% No impoundments, railroads, history of dredging/gravel mining, development (other than roads) along reach corridor Downstream-most assessed reach 102 reaches Pechenick et al., 2014
25 Scales and metrics of road impact Scales/regions Reach corridor Reach direct drainage River network corridor Catchment Metrics Density Proximity Orientation
26 Road-stream crossings in direct drainage (N/km 2 ) Density metrics of channel condition Geomorphic condition
27 Sum of distance (m), stream to nearest road in reach corridor Proximity metrics of channel condition Normalized by stream length Geomorphic condition
28 SUMMARY: Inventories identify nature and location of road impacts to waterways Coupled water quality monitoring of ditches and receiving waters allows identification of relative importance of roads on water quality Geomorphic assessments allow identification of downstream impacts Improved understanding of how & where roads impact waterways helps inform mitigation measures
29 Acknowledgements Collaborators: - Don Ross, Dept of Plant & Soil Science, UVM - Donna Rizzo, Environmental Engineering, UVM - Leslie Morrissey, Rubenstein School, UVM Students and technicians: G Clark, J Garton, K Garvey, S Hamshaw, A Larson, H Schmid, A Pechenick, C Webster, R Zeyzus Funding Sources: - US EPA and New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission - VT DEC Ecosystem Restoration Program - Northeastern States Research Cooperative (Theme 1) - U.S. Geological Survey (NIWR)
30 For More Information: Lake Champlain Basin Program report: Northeastern States Research Cooperative: UVM Blog site for BMP study:
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