Surface Processes Focus on Mass Wasting (Chapter 10)
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1 Surface Processes Focus on Mass Wasting (Chapter 10) 1. What is the distinction between weathering, mass wasting, and erosion? 2. What is the controlling force in mass wasting? What force provides resistance? 3. In what general geographic areas are mass wasting events likely to occur? 4. The following are considered as additional factors or triggers in mass wasting events. Each factor has a natural origin as well as a human-produced origin. Give an example of each. Factor Natural origin Human-produced origin Excess Water Over-steepening of slope Removal of vegetation 5. Mass Wasting events are characterized by: Examples of Mass Wasting events: 6. Which of the following sedimentary bed slope angle combinations would have the highest risk for a rock slide? a) Bed angles horizontal compared to slope angle b) Bed angles opposite direction compared to slope angles c) Bed angles same direction compared to slope angles
2 Surface Processes Focus on Streams (Chapter 11) 1. Reflection on Prior Knowledge: What processes in Earth s early history resulted in the accumulation of surface water? 2. Earth s hydrologic cycle is considered to be a closed system. What does this mean? 3. Earth s Hydrologic Cycle: Complete the chart by indicating the processes at work for each reservoir of water. Water reservoir Input of water Output of water Atmosphere Continents Oceans 4. A stream is characterized by any flow of water confined by a. 5. A Drainage Basin is: 6. The amount of water in a stream channel is controlled by: 7. The edges of drainage basins are determined by topographic highs termed a. 8. The Mississippi River drainage basin is defined by what two geographic features? 9. In forming drainage networks and patterns, streams will follow:
3 10. Complete the following table by placing the name of the drainage pattern in the proper location. These drainage patterns are controlled by the slope of the land. These drainage patterns are controlled by the geology of the underlying landscape. Which drainage pattern is the most common? 11. The ability of a stream to erode and transport sediment materials is determined by the stream s: Factors involved include: 12. Where a stream begins is known as its and where a stream ends is known as its. The gradient of a stream is greatest at its. 13. The lowest point to which a stream can erode its channel is called. 14. Sea level is also called and can be affected by: 15. A dam or lake is an example of and affects the behavior of a stream by: 16. Sediment material transported by a stream is called and exists as three different components: 17. The maximum load a stream can transport is called its and is determined by the stream s. 18. The maximum particle size a stream can transport is called its and is determined by the stream s. 19. Deposition of sediment by streams is called and occurs when the stream.
4 Surface Processes Focus on Groundwater (Chapter 12) 1. Groundwater accounts for % of Earth s freshwater. 2. Humans primarily use groundwater for. 3. Geologically, groundwater serves three main roles: 4. Earth s Groundwater System The belt of soil moisture is associated with: Unsaturated zone = Saturated zone = Water enters the subsurface via the process of. 5. The movement of groundwater is controlled by the geologic characteristics of the subsurface: Porosity- Permeability- 6. Why do you think groundwater flows more slowly than water on the Earth s surface?
5 7. What is the distinction between an aquifer and an aquitard? Hint: consider the properties of porosity and permeability. 8. Consider the above diagram. Water on Earth s surface flows downslope, under the influence of gravity and modified only by the geologic nature of the ground. Note that groundwater flow lines show what appears to be upslope movement. How is this possible? 9. Pumping of ground water can form a cone of depression in the water table. a. What is a cone of depression and what effect can it have on the groundwater system? b. With excessive removal of groundwater, how is the surface landscape affected? 10. Erosion (dissolution) by groundwater results in a unique topography known as.
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