Urban Geography Unit Test (Version B)

Transcription

1 Urban Geography Unit Test (Version B) 1. What function do the majority of the world s ten most populated cities serve? a. a fortress city to resist foreign invasion b. a port city for transporting people and goods c. an agricultural service region d. a religious center or pilgrimage site e. a center of primary industries, such as logging 2. What is the role of cities according to Central Place Theory? a. industrial centers b. transportation hubs c. political capitals d. providers of goods and services e. agricultural hearths 3. What is the term for the maximum distance people will travel for a service? a. hinterland b. range c. threshold d. median e. node 4. What is the term for the minimum number of people needed to support a service? a. hinterland b. range c. threshold d. median e. node 5. A person is willing to travel only a short distance for needs such as milk, but long distances for specialized health care. Which concept explains the previous statement? a. hinterland b. range c. threshold d. median e. node 6. What is a central place? a. hinterland b. market center c. range of goods d. rank-size distribution e. circular settlement

2 7. What was the process by which banks designated an area within which they refused to lend money? a. blockbusting b. filtering c. gentrification d. redlining e. zoning B C D E A F 8. According to Christaller s Central Place Theory, what type of place would be associated with location A in the figure above? a. hamlet b. village c. town d. city e. city-state 9. Residents of rural settlements are more likely to work in which economic sector as compared to residents of urban settlements? a. agriculture b. manufacturing c. services d. education e. medicine

3 10. Paris and Mexico City are many times larger than the second-ranked city in their respective countries. What does this relationship illustrate? a. the concept of a primate city b. the rank-size rule c. that capital cities are always large d. the effects of suburbanization e. new urbanism 11. Which of the following are first-tier world cities? a. New York, Los Angeles, Hong Kong b. London, New York, Miami c. Rome, Sidney, Tokyo d. Tokyo, London, New York e. Shanghai, Berlin, Chicago 12. Where were most early cities found? a. along rivers b. by oceans c. in the mountains d. along lakes e. in deserts 13. The location of the earliest cities was dependent on which of the following? a. flat land suitable for railroads b. arable land and defensible sites c. mild climates and proximity to oil fields d. paved roads e. nearby factories 14. Using the figure (Concentric Zone Model or Burgess Zone Model) below, which of the following is represented by the center of the model? a. high-income residential b. middle-income residential c. low-income residential d. wholesale, light manufacturing e. Central Business District (CBD)

4 15. Which factor likely has the greatest impact in shaping urban landscapes around the world? a. the art and architectural community b. the government s investment in infrastructure c. the multi-/transnational corporate zone d. the residential zoning laws around the CBD e. globalization and reactions to it 16. How did the Industrial Revolution affect settlement patterns in United States cities? a. the Central Business District (CBD) became more economically diverse b. the residential areas became more ethnically homogeneous c. the birth rates rose due to more employment opportunities d. the city activity concentrated around the Central Business District (CBD) e. the wealthy residential areas moved to the edge of the city 17. In the urban hierarchy, which services would you expect to find only in large, higherorder cities? a. gas stations b. pizza restaurants c. major shopping mall d. stock exchange e. universities 18. Which of the following BEST explains why city populations typically increase? a. high birth rates b. high in-migration rates c. low out-migration rates d. high internal migration rates e. low death rates 19. How has the internet impacted urban life? a. it has influenced the goods, services and amenities available from a global market b. it has negatively influenced local markets by increasing taxes c. it has strengthened global connections by increasing transportation routes d. it has resulted in a lack of investment in local communities e. it has had no significant impact on the growth of cities 20. According to central place theory, what is the relationship between high-order capital goods, such as major league sports, and consumer behavior? a. consumers are willing to travel less than twenty miles for high-order capital goods b. consumers are willing to travel longer distances for high-order capital goods c. consumers are not willing to travel long distance for high-order capital goods d. consumers are only willing to drive short distances for high-order capital goods e. consumers are not affected by the cost of capital goods

5 21. The development of canals and railroads in the United States led to greater integration of American markets. This, in turn, encouraged which of the following? a. cities developed and grew along these transportation lines b. cities became consolidated on the east coast c. the number of cities decreased d. the development of suburbs e. rural villages dominated the United States markets 22. How has transportation impacted the location of major metropolitan areas in the United States? a. major metropolitan areas are not located on or near major railways b. major metropolitan areas are located on or near bodies of water c. major metropolitan areas are not located near other higher-order cities d. major metropolitan areas are not located on or near national borders e. major metropolitan areas are located near less densely populated areas 23. The expansion of which of the following systems led to the initial urbanization of the Midwest? a. railroads b. steamboats c. highways d. subways e. airports 24. What is the relationship between distance and knowledge about other cities? a. cities that are close are more familiar b. cities that are far away are more familiar c. cities that are close are less familiar d. distance is less important than any other factor e. distance has no impact on familiarity 25. Which of the following events had the greatest impact on the size (land area) of urban areas in the United States? a. building of the Hoover Dam b. building of the Suez Canal c. building of the Erie Canal d. building of the Transcontinental Railroad e. building of the interstate highway system 26. What is the term for the decline in density and the spread of metropolitan areas associated with the building of freeways after the 1950s? a. suburbanization b. new urbanism c. exurbanization d. gentrification e. counter-urbanism

6 27. Blockbusting most often contributed to the expansion of which of the following? a. farming communities b. segregated neighborhoods c. small towns d. gentrified neighborhoods e. central business districts 28. The increase in federal mortgage loans available to servicemen after WWII resulted in which of the following? a. expansion of suburban developments b. a decrease in home ownership c. the Baby Boom generation d. improved rural transportation e. a demand for college-trained employees 29. Edge cities have many of the same economic activities as the CBD, including high-rise office space and employment opportunities. Unlike CBDs, what form of transportation is most common in edge cities? a. pedestrians b. automobiles c. buses d. subways e. trains 30. Which of the following is an economic policy that has impacted the development of urban residential areas? a. redlining b. redistricting c. in-filling d. gerrymandering e. agglomeration 31. According to Burgess Concentric Zone Model, how does a city develop? a. in a series of corridors b. in a series of nodes c. in a series of rings d. in a series of sectors e. in a series of wedges 32. According to Hoyt s Sector Model, where are the most expensive residential areas? a. a wedge radiating from the Central Business District (CBD) b. the beltway c. industrial areas at the edge of the city d. ethnic neighborhoods in the core of the city e. edge cities

7 33. Which of the following characterizes the North American Central Business District (CBD)? a. less intensive land use b. skyscrapers c. sprawl d. little congestion e. spacious backyards 34. Which of the following would MOST likely be found in a commercial zone? a. video/dvd rental store b. farm c. clothing factory d. coal power plant e. houses 35. What is the relationship between the location of industries and residential areas in the United States? a. industrial areas are often near low-income areas b. industrial areas are often near high-income areas c. industrial areas are near raw materials d. industrial areas are near break in bulk points e. industrial areas are often centers of financial activity 36. What is often found at the center of a Latin American city? a. central plaza and cathedral b. break-of-bulk points c. public housing d. squatter settlement e. factories 37. Which statement BEST compares the amount of sprawl in the United States to the amount of sprawl in the United Kingdom? a. the United States has more than the United Kingdom b. the United States has less than the United Kingdom c. about the same amount of sprawl in both d. the United Kingdom does not have sprawl e. neither has experienced sprawl 38. What is a primate city? a. a city on the coast with the majority of a country s international trade b. a city whose population is at least twice the size of the next largest city in any country c. a city with the highest percent of people living in the Central Business District (CBD) d. a city whose population is mostly below the poverty line e. a city whose economic development is declining due to deindustrialization

8 39. Which region of the world is urbanizing the fastest, yet still has the lowest levels of urbanization? a. Sub-Saharan Africa b. Latin America c. Eastern Australia d. Southeast Asia e. Northern Europe 40. How do Latin American cities differ from many other world cities? a. all transportation networks lead to the Central Business District (CBD) b. the poor are not concentrated in slums near the Central Business District (CBD) c. the cities are dependent on the global marketplace through trade d. planners were careful to save ancient cultural sites e. skyscrapers are used to modernize the suburbs