Cities, Countries, and Population

Transcription

1 Cities, Countries, and Population

2 After the world industrialized, better food, improved sanitation, and new medicines caused the world population to soar.

3 To understand how heavily populated an area is, geographers use a figure called population density. POPULATION DENSITY is the average number of people who live in a measurable area. It is reached by dividing the total number of people by the land they occupy. A common measurement is per square mile.

4 10 Crowded/Least Crowded States People Per Square Mile 1. New Jersey 1, Rhode Island 1, Massachusetts Connecticut Maryland Delaware New York Florida Ohio Pennsylvania Alaska Wyoming Montana North Dakota South Dakota New Mexico Idaho Nebraska Nevada Utah 33.31

5 Out of approximately 3 million people, more than 2 million Utahans live between Cache and Utah Counties.

6 Population Distribution The billions of people who live on the Earth are not evenly spread across the planet. In fact, large chunks of the planet are really not that suitable for living. About 90% of people actually live in the Northern Hemisphere and one out of every two lives either in eastern or southern Asia. Other areas may be too cold, too mountainous, or too dry.

7 The darker the color on the map, the more crowded it is.

8 If we had 50 equally populated states

9 Urban Geography Most cities are divided into the following three zones: RESIDENTIAL Which usually includes single-family housing and apartments. INDUSTRIAL Factories and warehouses for making and storing goods. COMMERCIAL Used by businesses for buying and selling goods.

10 Other Functions of Cities Shopping Entertainment Recreation Educational Opportunities Cultural Activities

11 The dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle that result is called URBANIZATION. Today, some cities are enormous in physical area and have populations exceeding 10 million residents. They are known as mega-cities. In 1950, New York City was the only city with over 10 million people in its metro area (a city and its suburbs). Today, there are at least 25! The largest in the world is Tokyo, Japan with a combined mega-city, metropolitan population of over 30,000,000!

12 Tokyo, Japan

13 New York City, USA

14 Sao Paulo, Brazil

15 Shanghai, China

16 Cairo, Egypt

17 Paris, France

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20 City Locations Cities have developed around the world for a variety of reasons. Many were founded along good transportation routes such as on a lake, river, or on the coast. Others were founded near the sources of natural resources. Whatever their geographic advantage, cities serve as economic bases, attracting businesses and workers.

21 Located at the start of the Ohio River, Pittsburgh is in the heart of Pennsylvania s coal country.

22 Charlotte has become a major southern city, and a center of banking and finance.

23 Detroit at one time was the automotive capital of the world.

24 For fun and excitement as a tourist destination, Orlando has become an important city.

25 Chicago developed as a rail, shipping, and trading center on the Great Lakes.

26 Starting out as a little village before the Gold Rush, San Francisco is now a major Pacific Coast port and tourist destination.

27 One of America s greatest energy centers, and center of space research is Houston.

28 San Diego is home to major U. S. naval facilities, and is a tourist center.

29 Las Vegas has developed into a worldclass center of gaming and entertainment.

30 Salt Lake City The Crossroads of the West

31 Salt Lake City is right in the middle of the 11 western states, and has been a major center of transportation, travel, and trade since the 1850s.

32 Some cities grow as centers of business and finance, while others may be home to manufacturing and industry. Still others may serve as tourist destinations, or combinations of these. A city s core is called its central business district (CBD), and often has expensive property values. That is one reason the birth of the SKYSCRAPER happened. Chicago and New York City were the cities where the skyscraper was born. Until the 2000s, nearly all of the world s tallest buildings were in America. Now, by 2020, all of the 20 tallest buildings will be in Asia.

33 Along with New York City, both Chicago and Hong Kong have world-famous SKYLINES. Check out this footage of some of the world s best skylines

34 Infrastructure Cities and countries also need INFRASTRUCTURE in order to function. INFRASTRUCTURE is the basic support systems needed in order to be successful. These basic support systems include: power, housing, schools, hospitals, communication systems, water, transportation, sanitation, and even parks and open spaces.

35 Transportation Communication Energy

36 Water, Education, and Sanitation

37 Top 10 Most Populated Countries 1. China 1.33 Billion 2. India 1.15 Billion 3. United States 320 Million 4. Indonesia 238 Million 5. Brazil 197 Million 6. Pakistan 173 Million 7. Bangladesh 154 Million 8. Nigeria 147 Million 9. Russia 141 Million 10. Japan 127 Million By 2025, the U. S. will still be third in the rankings, but India should surpass China. Both Russia and Japan will likely drop off the list due to stagnant population growth.

38 Politically, the term STATE is used to describe an independent place that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its affairs. Sometimes we also call it a COUNTRY.

39 NATION refers to a group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity. When a nation and a state occupy the same territory, we often call it a NATION- STATE. There are some nations without a state, such as the Kurds.

40 The Kurdish people (a nation) of the Middle East would like to have their own state. However, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran are not exactly jumping at the chance to donate territory for the Kurds to have their own state.

41 Characteristics and Boundaries The size of a country can help determine its wealth and power. It might have a lot of natural resources or a big population that creates a large work force. However, Great Britain, a smaller country achieved one of the greatest empires the world has known. Keep in mind that large countries also need to worry about defending longer borders and longer stretches of sea coasts as well.

42 The shape of a country may determine its relationship with other countries, how it is governed, and how goods are moved. Germany Is Compacted Chile Is Elongated Japan Is Fragmented

43 A country s location means a great deal. For instance, a landlocked country may find itself more isolated from the world. A LANDLOCKED country has no direct outlet to the sea and must find other ways to build connections with the rest of the world to get goods in and out the country.

44 Bolivia has mountains, lakes, and rivers, but no way to get to the Pacific or Atlantic Oceans. It must work with its neighbors.

45 Tiny Singapore lies in the shipping lanes between southern and eastern Asia, and has become a very wealthy trading port.

46 Most countries are protective of their borders or boundaries. They usually want to make their own laws, and control things like natural resources. There are two basic types of borders or boundaries:

47 NATURAL BOUNDARIES are based on physical features such as rivers, lakes, or chains of mountains. Example: our Rio Grande River border with Mexico. ARTIFICIAL BOUNDARIES are usually fixed lines, following latitude or longitude. Example: our 49 N border with Canada.

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49 Along part of the U. S./Canadian Border

50 Along part of the U. S./Mexican Border

51 MARITIME or boundaries in water also exist